scholarly journals Pheno- and genotypic characterization and identification of novel subtypes of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus in domestic and captive wild goats in Northern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Polis Khoran ◽  
Elham Potros Candlan ◽  
Abdulwahed Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Fanar A. Isihak ◽  
Amir Abdulmawjood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Domestic Goat ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ppr Virus ◽  
Lineage Iv

Abstract Background Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is an acute or peracute contagious transboundary viral disease that mainly affects caprine and ovine and causes significant economic impact in developing countries. After two PPR virus outbreaks in 2011 and 2014, an investigation, from August 2015 to September 2016, was carried out in Northern Iraq when an increased morbidity and mortality rates were reported in the domestic and captive wild goats. In the present study, ten domestic goat farms and seven captive wild goat herds located in seven geographical areas of Northern Iraq were clinically, pathologically, serologically and genotypically characterized to determine the prevalence and potential cause of PPR virus outbreak. Results The outbreak occurred with rate of morbidity (26.1%) and mortality (11.1%) in domestic goat farms as compared to captive wild goat herds where relatively high mortality (42.9%) and low morbidity (10.9%) rates were recorded. Based on the clinical symptoms (mucopurulent nasal discharges, ulceration and erosion of oral mucosa, profuse watery diarrhea) and necropsy (hemorrhage and congestion on mucous membranes of the colon and rectum with zebra stripes lesions) results, overall, the serological test findings revealed a high frequency (47.9%) of positive samples for anti-PPRV nucleoprotein antibodies. Furthermore, the nucleoprotein (N) gene was detected in 63.2 and 89.1% of samples using conventional and reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR assays. A phylogenetic analysis of N gene amino acid sequences clustered with the reference strain revealed lineage IV similar to the strains isolated in 2011 and 2014, respectively. However, two sub-types of lineage IV (I and II), significantly distinct from the previous strains, were also observed. Conclusion The phylogenetic analysis suggests that movements of goats are possible cause and one of the important factors responsible for the spread of virus across the region. The study results would help in improving farm management practices by establishing a PPR virus eradication program using regular monitoring and vaccination program to control and mitigate the risk of re-emergence of PPR virus infection in domestic and captive wild goats in Iraq.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and molecular characterization of re-emerged virulent strains of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus among sheep in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima A. Saeed ◽  
Mohammed M.Gumaa ◽  
Sana A.Abdelaziz ◽  
Khalid A. Enan ◽  
Selma K. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lineage Iv ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Abstract Background Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a severe contagious viral disease, which mainly affects small ruminants. PPR is caused by a Morbillivirus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae. In this study 12 suspected PPR outbreaks among sheep and goats were investigated in four localities in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, during 2015—2017. The causative agent was confirmed by a Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (sELISA), and a Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) targeting a partial sequence of nucleocapsid protein gene (N- gene) and a partial sequence of fusion protein gene (F- gene). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out on six N- gene based RT-PCR products selected from two outbreaks occurred on border and inner localities of Kassala State to determine the circulating lineages of PPRV strains. Identity percentages were determined between isolates in this study and previous Sudanese, and other (African and Asian) isolates which clustered along with them. Results Out of 30 samples, 22 (73.3%) were positive using sandwich ELISA. From 22 s ELISA positive samples, 17 (77.3%) were positive by Ngene based RT-PCR and only 7(43.8%) out of 16 positive samples by N gene based RT-PCR were positive using Fgene based RT-PCR. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed involvement of the lineage IV of PPRV in outbreaks among small ruminants in Kassala State and high identity percentage between our isolates and previous Sudanese and other (African and Asian) isolates. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that genetic relationship between PPRV strains circulating in sheep in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, and PPRV strains characterized as lineage IV in neighboring African countries such as Eretria,Ethiopia, Egypt, and other Asian countries

scholarly journals Comparison of nucleotide sequences of recent and previous lineages of peste-des-petits-ruminants viruses of sheep and goats in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mantip ◽  
Melvyn Quan ◽  
David Shamaki ◽  
Moritz Van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
East African ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) is a highly contagious, fatal and economically important viral disease of small ruminants that is still endemic and militates against the production of sheep and goats in endemic areas of the world. The aim of this study was to describe the viral strains within the country. This was carried out by collecting tissue and swab samples from sheep and goats in various agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. The phylogeny of archived PPRV strains or isolates and those circulating and causing recent outbreaks was determined by sequencing of the nucleoprotein (N)-gene. Twenty tissue and swab samples from apparently healthy and sick sheep and goats were collected randomly from 18 states, namely 3 states in each of the 6 agro-ecological zones visited. A total of 360 samples were collected. A total of 35 samples of 360 (9.7%) tested positive by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, of which 25 were from oculo-nasal swabs and 10 were from tissue samples. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis using Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP) identified four different lineages, that is, lineages I, II, III and IV. Interestingly, the Nigerian strains described in this study grouped in two separate major lineages, that is, lineages II and IV. Strains from Sokoto, Oyo, Plateau and Ondo states grouped according to the historical distribution of PPRV together with the Nigerian 75/1 strain of lineage II, while other strains from Sokoto, Oyo, Plateau, Akwa-Ibom, Adamawa, Kaduna, Lagos, Bauchi, Niger and Kano states grouped together with the East African and Asian strains of lineage IV. This finding confirms that both lineage II and IV strains of PPRV are circulating in Nigeria. Previously, only strains of lineage II were found to be present in the country.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of a Novel Mutant of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Isolated fromCapra ibexin China during 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixiang Zhu ◽  
Xiaocui Zhang ◽  
Gulizhati Adili ◽  
Jiong Huang ◽  
Xiaoli Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Capra Ibex ◽  
V Protein ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lineage Iv ◽  
New Mutations

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is the causative agent of peste des petits ruminants (PPR). The spread of PPR often causes severe economic losses. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the surveillance of PPR emergence, spread, and geographic distribution. Here we describe a novel mutant of PPRV China/XJBZ/2015 that was isolated fromCapra ibexin Xinjiang province in China 2015. The sequence analysis and phylogenetic assessment indicate that China/XJBZ/2015 belongs to lineage IV, being closely related to China/XJYL/2013 strain. Interestingly, the V protein sequence of China/XJBZ/2015 showed lower homology with other Chinese PPRVs isolated during 2013 to 2014 (94%~95%), whereas it shared 100% identity with three Tibet strains isolated in China 2007. The 3′ UTR, V gene, and C gene were determined to be highly variable. Besides, 29 PPR genomic sequences available in GenBank were analyzed in this study. It is the first time to use PPRV genomic sequences to classify the different lineages which confirmed the lineage clustering of PPRVs using N gene 255 bp fragments and F gene 322 bp fragments. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the PPRVs continue to evolve in China, and some new mutations have emerged.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Non Structural Protein in Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Perumalraja Kirthika ◽  
Mihir Sarkar ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Kaushal Rajak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Ppr Virus

Genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a lineage IV peste des petits ruminants virus in southern China

Virus Genes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Peng Li ◽  
Shao-Lun Zhai ◽  
Dong-Sheng He ◽  
Peng-Ju Guo ◽  
Dian-Hong Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Genome Characterization ◽  
Lineage Iv

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus from outbreak in Turkey during 2010-2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1617
Author(s):  
A. SAIT ◽  
S.B. DAGALP
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nucleotide Level ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Lineage Iv

The aim of the study is to determine the epizootiology of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Turkey during 2010-2012, using molecular genotyping. Samples of blood (n=193), swab (n=7) and tissue (n=374) were collected from sheep (n=473) and goats (n=101) suspected of having PPRV infection from an outbreak in 50 provinces of Turkey during 2010–2012. These samples (n=574) were tested using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) targeting selected parts of the fusion (F) and the nucleocapsid (N) genes. Positivity ratios were 35.5%, 39.3%, and 44.4% with regards to RT-PCR targeting the F and the N genes, and RT-Qpcr targeting the latter gene (N), respectively. The overall positivity rate was 45.8%. For sequence analyses, F-gene (n=53) and N-gene (n=60) positive samples representing different provinces were selected. After phylogenetic analysis, the circulating PPRV was located in lineage IV according to two gene regions. The F-gene partial sequence analysis at the nucleotide level showed 98.2-100% resemblence among 53 for F-gene, and 97.9-98.9% and 91.3-92.4% to Turkey2000 and Nigeria75/1 sequences, respectively. The N-gene partial sequence analysis at the nucleotide level showed 94.2-100% resemblence among 60 for N-gene, and 94.2-98.3% and 89.3-90.9% to Turkey2000 and Nigeria75/1 sequences, respectively. The result of this study indicates that PPRV infection is enzootic in Turkey, and belongs to the lineage IV, which is present in three haplogroup. The phylogenic analysis indicates the spread of the virus is associated with unauthorized movement of stock.

Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus Isolates from India

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmender Singh ◽  
Yashpal Singh Malik ◽  
Kuldeep Sharma ◽  
Kuldeep Dhama
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Ppr Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

Peste des petits ruminants in Arabian wildlife

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1211-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KINNE ◽  
R. KREUTZER ◽  
M. KREUTZER ◽  
U. WERNERY ◽  
P. WOHLSEIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Virus Source ◽  
Lineage Iv

SUMMARYRecurrence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was diagnosed in the United Arabian Emirates in several wild ruminants confirmed by morphological, immunohistochemical, serological and molecular findings. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus strain belongs to lineage IV, which is different to some previously isolated PPR strains from the Arabian Peninsula. This study shows that wild ruminants may play an important epidemiological role as virus source for domestic small ruminants.

Talented Employees in Russian and Foreign Companies

2013 ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Latukha ◽  
T. Tsukanova
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Practice Development

The study investigates talent management practices in Russian and foreign companies. The inquiry of Russian and foreign companies (working in Russia) showed that perceived and dedicated talent management practices contribute to better companies performance. The study results can be used in talent management practice development.

scholarly journals Lassa Virus Circulation in Small Mammal Populations in Bo District, Sierra Leone

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Umaru Bangura ◽  
Jacob Buanie ◽  
Joyce Lamin ◽  
Christopher Davis ◽  
Gédéon Ngiala Bongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Lineage Iv

Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus LASV, which was first isolated in the rodent Mastomys natalensis in 1974 in Kenema, Sierra Leone. As little is known about the abundance and the presence of LASV in rodents living in the Bo area, we carried out a small mammal longitudinal population survey. A standardized trapping session was performed in various habitats and seasons in six villages over two years (2014–2016) and samples collected were tested for arenavirus IgG and LASV. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed on sequences identified by PCR. A total of 1490 small mammals were collected, and 16 rodent species were identified, with M. natalensis (355, 24%) found to be the most prevalent species. Forty-one (2.8%) samples were IgG positive, and 31 of these were trapped in homes and 10 in surrounding vegetation. Twenty-nine of 41 seropositive rodents were M. natalensis. We detected four LASV by PCR in two villages, all found in M. natalensis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences were distributed within the Sierra Leonean clade within lineage IV, distinguishing a Bo sub-clade older than a Kenema sub-clade. Compared to other settings, we found a low abundance of M. natalensis and a low circulation of LASV in rodents in villages around Bo district.

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