scholarly journals Hybridization and introgression in sympatric and allopatric populations of four oak species

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Li ◽  
Gaoming Wei ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
Yanming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Quercus Acutissima ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Model Clade ◽  
Evolutionary Role ◽  
Hybridization And Introgression

Abstract Background Hybridization and introgression are vital sources of novel genetic variation driving diversification during reticulated evolution. Quercus is an important model clade, having extraordinary diverse and abundant members in the Northern hemisphere, that are used to studying the introgression of species boundaries and adaptive processes. China is the second-largest distribution center of Quercus, but there are limited studies on introgressive hybridization. Results Here, we screened 17 co-dominant nuclear microsatellite markers to investigate the hybridization and introgression of four oaks (Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, Quercus fabri, and Quercus serrata) in 10 populations. We identified 361 alleles in the four-oak species across 17 loci, and all loci were characterized by high genetic variability (HE = 0.844–0.944) and moderate differentiation (FST = 0.037–0.156) levels. A population differentiation analysis revealed the following: allopatric homologous (FST = 0.064) < sympatric heterogeneous (FST = 0.071) < allopatric heterogeneous (FST = 0.084). A Bayesian admixture analysis determined four types of hybrids (Q. acutissima × Q. variabilis, Q. fabri × Q. serrata, Q. acutissima × Q. fabri, and Q. acutissima × Q. variabilis × Q. fabri) and their asymmetric introgression. Our results revealed that interspecific hybridization is commonly observed within the section Quercus, with members having tendency to hybridize. Conclusions Our study determined the basic hybridization and introgression states among the studied four oak species and extended our understanding of the evolutionary role of hybridization. The results provide useful theoretical data for formulating conservation strategies.

Evolutionary role of the community pharmacist A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Firdous Fatima ◽  
◽  
Bushra Ali Sherazi
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacist ◽  
Evolutionary Role

What Evolutionary Evidence Implies About the Identity of the Mechanoelectrical Couplers in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Physiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-306
Author(s):  
Heather A. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Channels ◽  
Potential Channels ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Paradigm Shifting ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Evolutionary Role

Loss of pressure-induced vasoconstriction increases susceptibility to renal and cerebral vascular injury. Favored paradigms underlying initiation of the response include transient receptor potential channels coupled to G protein-coupled receptors or integrins as transducers. Degenerin channels may also mediate the response. This review addresses the 1) evolutionary role of these molecules in mechanosensing, 2) limitations to identifying mechanosensitive molecules, and 3) paradigm shifting molecular model for a VSMC mechanosensor.

Dyadic Cancer-Related Distress and The Role Of Mindfulness and Spiritual Well-Being in Couples with Cancer: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afarin Rajaei ◽  
Saeideh Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dyadic Data ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Partner Effect

The present study draws attention to the significance of considering mindfulness and spiritual well-being on cancer-related distress among couples with cancer during the pandemic. Dyadic data was analyzed among couples with cancer (80 couples; N=160) to examine the within-person (actor effects) and between-partner (partner effects) associations among links between mindfulness, spiritual well-being, and cancer-related distress through the use of the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM; Kashy &amp; Kenny, 2000). Significant actor and/or partner effects were found for mindfulness and spiritual well-being in couples with cancer, a factor that predicted cancer-related distress. Spirituality seemed to only play an important role in patients’ own cancer-related distress (actor effect), with patients’ higher levels of spiritual well-being predicting patients’ lower levels of distress. On the other hand, mindfulness was not only significantly related to the cancer patient and partner’s own distress (actor effect), partner’s mindfulness was also significantly associated with the patient’s distress (partner effect). The findings underscore the need to adopt a systemic perspective that accounts for multiple, simultaneous adaptive processes including mindfulness and spiritual well-being as influences on cancer-related distress in the time of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase Activities in the Eye of Old and Young Rats in Normoxic, Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Atmospheres

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Spoto ◽  
A. Contento ◽  
M. Di Nicola ◽  
G. Bianchi ◽  
C. Di Giulio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Camp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Old Rats

Phosphodiesterase activity was tested on homogenized eyes of young and old rats kept in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions, with the aim of correlating any difference in PDE activity with aging and variations in atmospheric oxygen contents. The activities of the two enzymes, cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) and cGMP phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE), were tested. Phosphodiesterases seem to be particularly susceptible to variations in oxygen tension, suggesting an important role of cyclic nucleotides in cellular adaptive processes. Particularly, cAMP-PDE activity increases lightly both in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions in young and old rats. For cGMP-PDE activity of young rats, a similar behaviour to cAMP-PDE activity is observed with a similar increase in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions respect to the control rats. Instead old rats seem to be quite insensible to hypoxia, while they show a fair increase in cGMP-PDE activity in the case of hyperoxia. The second messengers cAMP and cGMP play important roles in mediating the biological effects of a wide variety of first messengers. The intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides depend upon rates of synthesis and degradation, actuated, respectively, by cyclases and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Therefore, PDEs seem to play an important role in a wide variety of physiological processes.

scholarly journals Evolution of molecular determinants for SUMO-activating enzyme subcellular localization in plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Más ◽  
Laura Castaño-Miquel ◽  
Lorenzo Carretero-Paulet ◽  
Núria Colomé ◽  
Francesc Canals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Nuclear Localization Signals ◽  
Sumo Conjugation ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Evolutionary Role

AbstractPost-translational modification by Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) is an essential regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes. In the cell, SUMO conjugates are highly enriched in the nucleus and, consistently, SUMOylation machinery components are mainly nuclear. Nonetheless, cytosolic SUMO targets also exist and the mechanisms that facilitate SUMO conjugation in the cytosol are unknown. Here, we show that the nuclear localization of the Arabidopsis SUMO activating enzyme large subunit SAE2 is dependent on two nuclear localization signals, the canonical NLS1 and the non-canonical NLS2 identified and validated here. NLS2 is proteolytic processed from SAE2 during seed development, facilitating SAE2 enrichment in the cytosol. Results obtained using transgenic plants expressing different SAE2 proteoforms suggest that SAE2 cytosolic enrichment could constitute a rapid signal for growth arrest. Phylogenetic studies indicated that the Arabidopsis NLS1-NLS2 structural organization is conserved only in seed plants, providing a potential evolutionary role of cytosolic SUMOylation in seed appearance.

Evolution of primate orphan proteins

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena Toll-Riera ◽  
Robert Castelo ◽  
Nicolás Bellora ◽  
M. Mar Albà
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Orphan Genes ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Rapid Sequence ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Novel Protein

Genomes contain a large number of genes that do not have recognizable homologues in other species. These genes, found in only one or a few closely related species, are known as orphan genes. Their limited distribution implies that many of them are probably involved in lineage-specific adaptive processes. One important question that has remained elusive to date is how orphan genes originate. It has been proposed that they might have arisen by gene duplication followed by a period of very rapid sequence divergence, which would have erased any traces of similarity to other evolutionarily related genes. However, this explanation does not seem plausible for genes lacking homologues in very closely related species. In the present article, we review recent efforts to identify the mechanisms of formation of primate orphan genes. These studies reveal an unexpected important role of transposable elements in the formation of novel protein-coding genes in the genomes of primates.

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