scholarly journals More negative self-esteem and inferior coping strategies among patients diagnosed with IBS compared with patients without IBS - a case–control study in primary care

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Grodzinsky ◽  
Susanna Walter ◽  
Lisa Viktorsson ◽  
Ann-Kristin Carlsson ◽  
Michael P Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Self-esteem, metacognition, and coping strategies in cancer patients: A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 956
Author(s):  
Fatih Karatas ◽  
Habibe Inci ◽  
Fatih Inci ◽  
Süleyman Ersoy ◽  
Didem Adahan
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Case Control ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Relation of severe COVID-19 to polypharmacy and prescribing of psychotropic drugs: the REACT-SCOT case-control study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. McKeigue ◽  
◽  
Sharon Kennedy ◽  
Amanda Weir ◽  
Jen Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate the relation of severe COVID-19 to prior drug prescribing. Methods Severe cases were defined by entry to critical care or fatal outcome. For this matched case-control study (REACT-SCOT), all 4251 cases of severe COVID-19 in Scotland since the start of the epidemic were matched for age, sex and primary care practice to 36,738 controls from the population register. Records were linked to hospital discharges since June 2015 and dispensed prescriptions issued in primary care during the last 240 days. Results Severe COVID-19 was strongly associated with the number of non-cardiovascular drug classes dispensed. This association was strongest in those not resident in a care home, in whom the rate ratio (95% CI) associated with dispensing of 12 or more drug classes versus none was 10.8 (8.8, 13.3), and in those without any of the conditions designated as conferring increased risk of COVID-19. Of 17 drug classes postulated at the start of the epidemic to be “medications compromising COVID”, all were associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 and these associations were present in those without any of the designated risk conditions. The fraction of cases in the population attributable to exposure to these drug classes was 38%. The largest effect was for antipsychotic agents: rate ratio 4.18 (3.42, 5.11). Other drug classes with large effects included proton pump inhibitors (rate ratio 2.20 (1.72, 2.83) for = 2 defined daily doses/day), opioids (3.66 (2.68, 5.01) for = 50 mg morphine equivalent/day) and gabapentinoids. These associations persisted after adjusting for covariates and were stronger with recent than with non-recent exposure. Conclusions Severe COVID-19 is associated with polypharmacy and with drugs that cause sedation, respiratory depression, or dyskinesia; have anticholinergic effects; or affect the gastrointestinal system. These associations are not easily explained by co-morbidity. Measures to reduce the burden of mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 should include reinforcing existing guidance on reducing overprescribing of these drug classes and limiting inappropriate polypharmacy. Registration ENCEPP number https://EUPAS35558

scholarly journals Risk of prostate cancer associated with benign prostate disease: a primary care case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (592) ◽  
pp. e684-e691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S Buckley ◽  
Marie Carmela M Lapitan ◽  
Colin R Simpson ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Prostate Disease ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Presentation to primary care during the prodrome of type 1 diabetes in childhood: A case‐control study using record data linkage

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Julia Townson ◽  
Rebecca Cannings‐John ◽  
Nick Francis ◽  
Dan Thayer ◽  
John W. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetes In Childhood ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Exposure to domestic violence and abuse and consultations for emergency contraception: nested case-control study in a UK primary care dataset

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (680) ◽  
pp. e199-e207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Jackson ◽  
Natalia V Lewis ◽  
Gene S Feder ◽  
Penny Whiting ◽  
Timothy Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Exposure To Domestic Violence ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundEvidence of an association between exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and use of emergency contraception (EC) is lacking in the UK.AimTo quantify the association between exposure to DVA and consultations for EC in general practice.Design and settingNested case-control study in UK general practice.MethodUsing the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, the authors identified all women all women aged 15–49 years registered with a GP between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. Cases with consultations for EC (n = 43 570) were each matched on age and GP against four controls with no consultations for EC (n = 174 280). The authors calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between exposure to DVA in the previous year and consultations for EC. Covariates included age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, pregnancy, children, alcohol misuse, and depression.ResultsWomen exposed to DVA were 2.06 times more likely to have a consultation for EC than unexposed women (95% CI = 1.64 to 2.61). Women aged 25–39 years with exposure to DVA were 2.8 times more likely to have a consultation for EC, compared with unexposed women (95% CI = 2.08 to 3.75). The authors found some evidence of an independent effect of exposure to DVA on the number of consultations for EC (OR 1.48, 95% CI = 0.99 to 2.21).ConclusionA request for EC in general practice can indicate possible exposure to DVA. Primary care consultation for EC is a relevant context for identifying and responding to DVA as recommended by the World Health Organization and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. DVA training for providers of EC should include this new evidence.

scholarly journals Pathogens Causing Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863611989088
Author(s):  
Rebecca B Knobbe ◽  
Abdallah Diallo ◽  
Amary Fall ◽  
Aida D Gueye ◽  
Assane Dieng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: While acute respiratory tract infections are the main cause of paediatric mortality and morbidity worldwide, pathogen patterns shift due to factors such as hygiene, vaccinations, and antibiotic resistance. Knowledge about current cause of respiratory infections is lacking, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to identity the various respiratory pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age visiting a sub-urban primary care clinic in Senegal. Methods: A case-control study was performed in September and October 2018. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from cases; infants with fever and respiratory symptoms, and controls; children involved in the vaccination programme. Viral identification was conducted by polymerase chain reaction for 21 different viruses; bacteria were identified by culture studies. Associations between microorganisms, acute respiratory infection and severity of disease were calculated by multivariate regression adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, and living area. Results: Overall, 102 cases and 96 controls were included. Microorganisms were detected in 90.1% of cases and 53.7% of controls ( P < .001). Influenza virus A (including H1N1), influenza virus B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Streptococcus pneumoniae were independently associated with acute respiratory tract infections. Co-detection of two or more pathogens was present in 49.5% of cases; 31.7% of cases had a pneumonia and 90.2% was treated with antibiotics. Conclusions: This case-control study in a primary care setting in sub-Saharan Africa found influenza virus A and B, RSV, and S pneumoniae to be the main causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age. We recommend evaluation of antibiotics prescription behaviour in this setting.

scholarly journals Prediagnostic presentations of glioma in primary care: a case–control study

CNS Oncology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. CNS44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthe CM Peeters ◽  
Linda Dirven ◽  
Johan AF Koekkoek ◽  
Mattijs E Numans ◽  
Martin JB Taphoorn
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Control Study

Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms glioma patients may present with to the general practitioner, and whether these can be distinguished from patients with other CNS disorders or any other condition. Methods: Glioma patients were matched to CNS patients and ‘other controls’ using anonymized general practitioner registries. Prevalences were evaluated in the 5 years prior to diagnosis. Result: CNS patients reported significantly more motor symptoms in the period 60–24 months, (p = 0.039). Moreover, <6 months before diagnosis CNS patients differed significantly in mood disorders/fear compared with ‘other controls’ (p = 0.012) but not glioma patients (p = 0.816). Conclusion: Glioma patients could not be distinguished from both control groups with respect to the number or type of prediagnostic symptoms.

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