scholarly journals Rehabilitation potential in older people living with frailty: a systematic mapping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Cowley ◽  
Sarah E. Goldberg ◽  
Adam L. Gordon ◽  
Pip A. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Rehabilitation Potential ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review

Abstract Background Following periods of acute ill-health and injury, older people are frequently assessed and provided with rehabilitation services. Healthcare practitioners are required to make nuanced decisions about which patients are likely to benefit from and respond to rehabilitation. The clinical currency in which these decisions are transacted is through the term “rehabilitation potential”. The aim of this study was to explore information about rehabilitation potential in older people to inform the development of an evidence-based assessment tool. Methods A systematic mapping review was completed to describe the extent of research and the concepts underpinning rehabilitation potential. We searched Medline, CINHAL, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, PEDro, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest, Trip and EThOS from inception to December 2020. We included studies which focused on rehabilitation potential and/or assessing for rehabilitation interventions for older people with comorbidities in the hospital and community setting. Reviewer pairs independently screened articles and extracted data against the inclusion criteria. A descriptive narrative approach to analysis was taken. Results 13,484 papers were identified and 49 included in the review. Rehabilitation potential was found to encompass two different but interrelated concepts of prognostication and outcome measurement. 1. Rehabilitation potential for prognostication involved the prediction of what could be achieved in programmes of rehabilitation. 2. Rehabilitation potential as an outcome measure retrospectively considered what had been achieved as a result of rehabilitation interventions. Assessments of rehabilitation potential included key domains which were largely assessed by members of the multi-disciplinary team at single time points. Limited evidence was identified which specifically considered rehabilitation potential amongst older people living with frailty. Conclusions Current approaches to rehabilitation potential provide a snapshot of an individual’s abilities and conditions which fail to capture the dynamic nature and fluctuations associated with frailty and rehabilitation. New approaches to measures and abilities over time are required which allow for the prognostication of outcomes and potential benefits of rehabilitation interventions for older people living with frailty.

scholarly journals The Prevention and Control of Cancer by Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Mapping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cipriano ◽  
Albania Mitchell ◽  
Michelle Price
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review ◽  
And Control

Objective: Metformin is commonly used as a first line therapy for type 2 diabetes; however, existing evidence suggests an influence in oncology. The objective of this systematic mapping review was to describe current literature regarding metformin and its role in preventing and /or controlling cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov in February 2018 and April 2019 to identify research studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Of the 318 citations identified, 156 publications were included in this analysis. Results: The most common cancer types researched were colorectal, liver, prostate, lung and breast with the United States contributing the most to this data. Author teams averaged six members and most studies were funded. Only 68% of the articles were available open access. Ovarian and esophageal cancers were amongst the least studied, but the most costly for care.

scholarly journals Randomised controlled trials in pre-hospital trauma: a systematic mapping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda K. Björklund ◽  
Moira Cruickshank ◽  
Robbie A. Lendrum ◽  
Katie Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review

Abstract Background Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with about 5.8 million deaths globally and the leading cause of death in those aged 45 and younger. The pre-hospital phase of traumatic injury is particularly important as care received during this phase has effects on survival. The need for high quality clinical trials in this area has been recognised for several years as a key priority to improve the evidence base and, ultimately, clinical care in prehospital trauma. We aimed to systematically map the existing evidence base for pre-hospital trauma trials, to identify knowledge gaps and inform decisions about the future research agenda. Methods A systematic mapping review was conducted first employing a search of key databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception to March 23rd 2020) to identify randomised controlled trials within the pre-hospital trauma and injury setting. The evidence ‘map’ identified and described the characteristics of included studies and compared these studies against existing priorities for research. Narrative description of studies informed by analysis of relevant data using descriptive statistics was completed. Results Twenty-three eligible studies, including 10,405 participants across 14 countries, were identified and included in the systematic map. No clear temporal or geographical trends in publications were identified. Studies were categorised into six broad categories based on intervention type with evaluations of fluid therapy and analgesia making up 60% of the included trials. Overall, studies were heterogenous with regard to individual interventions within categories and outcomes reported. There was poor reporting across several studies. No studies reported patient involvement in the design or conduct of the trials. Conclusion This mapping review has highlighted that evidence from trials in prehospital trauma is sparse and where trials have been completed, the reporting is generally poor and study designs sub-optimal. There is a continued need, and significant scope, for improvement in a setting where high quality evidence has great potential to make a demonstrable impact on care and outcomes.

scholarly journals What evidence is there for the identification and management of frail older people in the emergency department? A systematic mapping review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 1-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Preston ◽  
Duncan Chambers ◽  
Fiona Campbell ◽  
Anna Cantrell ◽  
Janette Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Older People ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Service Outcomes ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review ◽  
Future Work

BackgroundEmergency departments (EDs) are facing unprecedented levels of demand. One of the causes of this increased demand is the ageing population. Older people represent a particular challenge to the ED as those older people who are frail will require management that considers their frailty alongside their presenting complaint. How to identify these older people as frail and how best to manage them in the ED is a major challenge for the health service to address.ObjectivesTo systematically map interventions to identify frail and high-risk older people in the ED and interventions to manage older people in the ED and to map the outcomes of these interventions and examine whether or not there is any evidence of the impact of these interventions on patient and health service outcomes.DesignA systematic mapping review.SettingEvidence from developed countries on interventions delivered in the ED.ParticipantsFrail and high-risk older people and general populations of older people (aged > 65 years).InterventionsInterventions to identify older people who are frail or who are at high risk of adverse outcomes and to manage (frail) older people within the ED.Main outcome measuresPatient outcomes (direct and indirect) and health service outcomes.Data sourcesEvidence from 103 peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts and 17 systematic reviews published from 2005 to 2016.Review methodsA review protocol was drawn up and a systematic database search was undertaken for the years 2005–2016 (using MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Health Management Information Consortium and PROSPERO). Studies were included according to predefined criteria. Following data extraction, evidence was classified into interventions relating to the identification of frail/high-risk older people in the ED and interventions relating to their management. A narrative synthesis of interventions/outcomes relating to these categories was undertaken. A quality assessment of individual studies was not undertaken; instead, an assessment of the overall evidence base in this area was made.ResultsOf the 90 included studies, 32 focused on a frail/high-risk population and 60 focused on an older population. These studies reported on interventions to identify (n = 57) and manage (n = 53) older people. The interventions to identify frail and at-risk older people, on admission and at discharge, utilised a number of different tools. There was extensive evidence on these question-based tools, but the evidence was inconclusive and contradictory. Service delivery innovations comprised changes to staffing, infrastructure and care delivery. There was a general trend towards improved outcomes in admissions avoidance, reduced ED reattendance and improved discharge outcomes.LimitationsThis review was a systematic mapping review. Some of the methods adopted differed from those used in a standard systematic review. Mapping the evidence base has led to the inclusion of a wide variety of evidence (in terms of study type and reporting quality). No recommendations on the effectiveness of specific interventions have been made as this was outside the scope of the review.ConclusionsA substantial body of evidence on interventions for frail and high-risk older people was identified and mapped.Future workFuture work in this area needs to determine why interventions work and whether or not they are feasible for the NHS and acceptable to patients.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016043260.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

scholarly journals Testing, Training, and Optimising Performance of Track Cyclists: A Systematic Mapping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony M. J. Stadnyk ◽  
Franco M. Impellizzeri ◽  
Jamie Stanley ◽  
Paolo Menaspà ◽  
Katie M. Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Open Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review ◽  
Track Cycling

Abstract Background Track cyclists must develop mental, physical, tactical and technical capabilities to achieve success at an elite level. Given the importance of these components in determining performance, it is of interest to understand the volume of evidence to support implementation in practice by coaches, practitioners, and athletes. Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic mapping review to describe the current scale and density of research for testing, training and optimising performance in track cycling. Methods All publications involving track cyclist participants were reviewed from four databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane Library) plus additional sources. Search results returned 4019 records, of which 71 met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results The review revealed most published track cycling research investigated athlete testing followed by performance optimisation, with training being the least addressed domain. Research on the physical components of track cycling has been published far more frequently than for tactical or technical components, and only one study was published on the mental components of track cycling. No true experimental research using track cyclists has been published, with 51 non-experimental and 20 quasi-experimental study designs. Conclusions Research in track cycling has been growing steadily. However, it is evident there is a clear preference toward understanding the physical—rather than mental, tactical, or technical—demands of track cycling. Future research should investigate how this aligns with coach, practitioner, and athlete needs for achieving track cycling success. Registration This systematic mapping review was registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/wt7eq).

scholarly journals Investigating transportation research based on social media analysis: a systematic mapping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasnim M. A. Zayet ◽  
Maizatul Akmar Ismail ◽  
Kasturi Dewi Varathan ◽  
Rafidah M. D. Noor ◽  
Hui Na Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Social Media Analysis ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Transportation Research ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review

scholarly journals Health Promotion Interventions in Sports Clubs: Can We Talk About a Setting-Based Approach? A Systematic Mapping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Geidne ◽  
Sami Kokko ◽  
Aoife Lane ◽  
Linda Ooms ◽  
Anne Vuillemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Setting Approach ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review

Many researchers and authorities have recognized the important role that sports clubs can play in public health. In spite of attempts to create a theoretical framework in the early 2000s, a thorough understanding of sports clubs as a setting for health promotion (HP) is lacking. Despite calls for more effective, sustainable, and theoretically grounded interventions, previous literature reviews have identified no controlled studies assessing HP interventions in sports clubs. This systematic mapping review details how the settings-based approach is applied through HP interventions in sports clubs and highlights facilitators and barriers for sports clubs to become health-promoting settings. In addition, the mapped facilitators and barriers have been used to reformulate previous guidelines of HP in sports clubs. Seven databases were searched for empirical research published between 1986 and 2017. Fifty-eight studies were included, principally coming from Australia and Europe, describing 33 unique interventions, which targeted mostly male participants in team sports. The settings-based approach was not yet applied in sports clubs, as more than half of the interventions implemented in sports club targeted only one level of the socio-ecological model, as well as focused only on study participants rather than the club overall. Based on empirical data, the analysis of facilitators and barriers helped develop revised guidelines for sports clubs to implement settings-based HP. This will be particularly useful when implementing HP initiatives to aid in the development of sports clubs working with a whole setting approach.

scholarly journals Multi-paradigm modeling for cyber-physical systems: A systematic mapping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 111081
Author(s):  
Ankica Barišić ◽  
Ivan Ruchkin ◽  
Dušan Savić ◽  
Mustafa Abshir Mohamed ◽  
Rima Al-Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review
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