scholarly journals Population structure and diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in children with asymptomatic malaria living in different ecological zones of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Eva Amoah ◽  
Zakaria Abukari ◽  
Maame Esi Dawson-Amoah ◽  
Cheikh Cambel Dieng ◽  
Eugenia Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Ecological Zones

Abstract Background Genetic diversity in Plasmodium falciparum populations can be used to describe the resilience and spatial distribution of the parasite in the midst of intensified intervention efforts. This study used microsatellite analysis to evaluate the genetic diversity and population dynamics of P. falciparum parasites circulating in three ecological zones of Ghana. Methods A total of 1168 afebrile children aged between 3 to 13 years were recruited from five (5) Primary schools in 3 different ecological zones (Sahel (Tamale and Kumbungu), Forest (Konongo) and Coastal (Ada and Dodowa)) of Ghana. Asymptomatic malaria parasite carriage was determined using microscopy and PCR, whilst fragment analysis of 6 microsatellite loci was used to determine the diversity and population structure of P. falciparum parasites. Results Out of the 1168 samples examined, 16.1 and 39.5% tested positive for P. falciparum by microscopy and nested PCR respectively. The genetic diversity of parasites in the 3 ecological zones was generally high, with an average heterozygosity (He) of 0.804, 0.787 and 0.608 the rainy (peak) season for the Sahel, Forest and Coastal zones respectively. The mean He for the dry (off-peak) season were 0.562, 0.693 and 0.610 for the Sahel, Forest and Coastal zones respectively. Parasites from the Forest zone were more closely related to those from the Sahel than from the Coastal zone, despite the Coastal zone being closer in physical distance to the Forest zone. The fixation indexes among study sites ranged from 0.049 to 0.112 during the rainy season and 0.112 to 0.348 during the dry season. Conclusion A large asymptomatic parasite reservoir was found in the school children during both rainy and dry seasons, especially those in the Forest and Sahel savannah zones where parasites were also found to be related compared to those from the Coastal zone. Further studies are recommended to understand why despite the roll out of several malaria interventions in Ghana, high transmission still persist.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in Nigeria: insights from microsatellite loci analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fehintola V. Ajogbasile ◽  
Adeyemi T. Kayode ◽  
Paul E. Oluniyi ◽  
Kazeem O. Akano ◽  
Jessica N. Uwanibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Abstract Background Malaria remains a public health burden especially in Nigeria. To develop new malaria control and elimination strategies or refine existing ones, understanding parasite population diversity and transmission patterns is crucial. Methods In this study, characterization of the parasite diversity and structure of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 633 dried blood spot samples in Nigeria was carried out using 12 microsatellite loci of P. falciparum. These microsatellite loci were amplified via semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragments were analysed using population genetic tools. Results Estimates of parasite genetic diversity, such as mean number of different alleles (13.52), effective alleles (7.13), allelic richness (11.15) and expected heterozygosity (0.804), were high. Overall linkage disequilibrium was weak (0.006, P < 0.001). Parasite population structure was low (Fst: 0.008–0.105, AMOVA: 0.039). Conclusion The high level of parasite genetic diversity and low population structuring in this study suggests that parasite populations circulating in Nigeria are homogenous. However, higher resolution methods, such as the 24 SNP barcode and whole genome sequencing, may capture more specific parasite genetic signatures circulating in the country. The results obtained can be used as a baseline for parasite genetic diversity and structure, aiding in the formulation of appropriate therapeutic and control strategies in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Genome-wide genetic diversity, population structure and admixture analysis in Eritrean Indigenous Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092
Author(s):  
S Goitom ◽  
M.G. Gicheha ◽  
F.K. Njonge ◽  
N Kiplangat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Genome Wide

Indigenous cattle play a vital role in subsistence and livelihood of pastoral producers in Eritrea. In order to optimally utilize and conserve these valuable indigenous cattle genetic resources, the need to carry out an inventory of their genetic diversity was recognized. This study assessed the genetic variability, population structure and admixture of the indigenous cattle populations (ICPs) of Eritrea using a genotype by sequencing (GBS) approach. The authors genotyped 188 animals, which were sampled from 27 cattle populations in three diverse agro-ecological zones (western lowlands, highlands and eastern lowlands). The genome-wide analysis results from this study revealed genetic diversity, population structure and admixture among the ICPs. Averages of the minor allele frequency (AF), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE), and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were 0.157, 0.255, 0.218, and -0.089, respectively. Nei’s genetic distance (Ds) between populations ranged from 0.24 to 0.27. Mean population differentiation (FST) ranged from 0.01 to 0.30. Analysis of molecular variance revealed high genetic variation between the populations. Principal component analysis and the distance-based unweighted pair group method and arithmetic mean analyses revealed weak substructure among the populations, separating them into three genetic clusters. However, multi-locus clustering had the lowest cross-validation error when two genetically distinct groups were modelled. This information about genetic diversity and population structure of Eritrean ICPs provided a basis for establishing their conservation and genetic improvement programmes. Keywords: genetic variability, molecular characterization, population differentiation

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand, a low transmission country

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tepanata Pumpaibool ◽  
Céline Arnathau ◽  
Patrick Durand ◽  
Naowarat Kanchanakhan ◽  
Napaporn Siripoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Low Transmission

Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum over space and time in an African archipelago

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Salgueiro ◽  
José Luís Vicente ◽  
Rita Carrilho Figueiredo ◽  
João Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Space And Time

Plasmodium falciparum msp1 and msp2 genetic diversity in parasites isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria subjects in the South of Benin

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamirath Odée Lagnika ◽  
Azizath Moussiliou ◽  
Romuald Agonhossou ◽  
Pierre Sovegnon ◽  
Oswald Yédjinnavênan Djihinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
The South

scholarly journals Evaluation of the population structure and genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in southern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiying Wei ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
He Yan ◽  
Yuemeng Zhao ◽  
Jingying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Southern China

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Plasmodium falciparum in Lake Victoria Islands, A Region of Intense Transmission

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix M. Mulenge ◽  
Rashid A. Aman ◽  
Esther Magiri ◽  
Richard Culleton ◽  
Akira Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Lake Victoria

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in the Philippines

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritoshi Iwagami ◽  
Pilarita T Rivera ◽  
Elena A Villacorte ◽  
Aleyla D Escueta ◽  
Toshimitsu Hatabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
The Philippines

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum surface protein Pfs47 in isolates from the lowlands in Western Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260434
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Onyango ◽  
Kevin O. Ochwedo ◽  
Maxwell G. Machani ◽  
Collince J. Omondi ◽  
Isaiah Debrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Study Sites

Plasmodium falciparum parasites have evolved genetic adaptations to overcome immune responses mounted by diverse Anopheles vectors hindering malaria control efforts. Plasmodium falciparum surface protein Pfs47 is critical in the parasite’s survival by manipulating the vector’s immune system hence a promising target for blocking transmission in the mosquito. This study aimed to examine the genetic diversity, haplotype distribution, and population structure of Pfs47 and its implications on malaria infections in endemic lowlands in Western Kenya. Cross-sectional mass blood screening was conducted in malaria endemic regions in the lowlands of Western Kenya: Homa Bay, Kombewa, and Chulaimbo. Dried blood spots and slide smears were simultaneously collected in 2018 and 2019. DNA was extracted using Chelex method from microscopic Plasmodium falciparum positive samples and used to genotype Pfs47 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Thirteen observed haplotypes of the Pfs47 gene were circulating in Western Kenya. Population-wise, haplotype diversity ranged from 0.69 to 0.77 and the nucleotide diversity 0.10 to 0.12 across all sites. All the study sites displayed negative Tajima’s D values although not significant. However, the negative and significant Fu’s Fs statistical values were observed across all the study sites, suggesting population expansion or positive selection. Overall genetic differentiation index was not significant (FST = -0.00891, P > 0.05) among parasite populations. All Nm values revealed a considerable gene flow in these populations. These results could have important implications for the persistence of high levels of malaria transmission and should be considered when designing potential targeted control interventions.

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