scholarly journals Dolutegravir plus lamivudine versus efavirenz plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisi Deng ◽  
Chunna Li ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Xiaoqing Luo ◽  
Xinchun Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background Concerns regarding potential toxicity and drug-drug interactions during long-term treatment with three-drug active antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have been attracting increasing attention. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) in ART-naive adults in China. Methods This prospective observational cohort study enrolled HIV-naive inpatients treated with DTG + 3TC (2DR arm) or efavirenz (EFV) plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and 3TC (3DR arm). There were no limits on baseline viral load. Inflammatory biomarkers were also investigated in the 2DR arm. Results Between September 2019 and January 2020, 27 patients treated with DTG + 3TC and 28 patients treated with EFV + TDF + 3TC were enrolled in the study. At week 12, the proportion of patients with viral loads < 50 copies/mL in the 2DR arm was 81.5% (22/27) compared with 53.6% (15/28) in the 3DR arm (p < 0.01). At week 24, the proportion of patients with viral loads < 50 copies/mL in the 2DR arm was 100% (26/26) compared with 83.3% (20/24) in the 3DR arm (p < 0.05). Mean changes in CD4 cell counts from baseline at week 12 were 125.46 cells/µL in the 2DR arm and 41.20 cells/µL in the 3DR arm (p < 0.05). Mean changes in CD4 cell counts from baseline at week 24 were 209.68 cells/µL in the 2DR arm and 73.28 cells/µL in the 3DR arm (p < 0.05). Conclusions DTG + 3TC achieved virologic suppression more rapidly than EFV + TDF + 3TC after 12 and 24 weeks. DTG + 3TC could represent an optimal regimen for advanced patients. Clinical Trial Registration ChiCTR1900027640 (22/November/2019).

scholarly journals Safety, tolerance, and efficacy of atevirdine in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2664-2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Been-Tiktak ◽  
I Williams ◽  
H M Vrehen ◽  
J Richens ◽  
D Aldam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Atevirdine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In this study we investigated the effect of atevirdine in asymptomatic antiretroviral naive HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts of between 200 and 750 cells per mm3. Patients were randomized to receive 600 mg of atevirdine (n = 15) or a placebo (n = 15) three times a day for 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant effect of atevirdine on viral loads (HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA levels by PCR) or CD4+ cell counts. The data do not support the use of atevirdine as a monotherapy in the treatment of HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and viral loads of polyomaviruses BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV and HEV in HIV-infected patients in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Zhou ◽  
Kenji Nakashima ◽  
Masahiko Ito ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Satoshi Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Human polyomaviruses (PyVs) and hepatitis viruses are often more prevalent or persistent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and the associated diseases are more abundant than in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we evaluated seroreactivities and viral loads of human PyVs and hepatitis viruses in HIV/AIDS patients and the general population in China in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. A total of 810 HIV-1-infected patients and age- and sex-matched HIV-negative individuals were enrolled to assess seroprevalence of PyVs BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV, and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV, and HEV. 583 (72%) patients received cART, and among them, 31.2% had undetectable HIV RNA. While no significant difference was observed in prevalence of anti-PyV antibodies between HIV-positive and -negative groups, serum DNA positivity and DNA copy level of MCPyV were higher in the HIV-positive group. Among HIV-infected patients, BKPyV DNA positivity was significantly higher in patients with CD4 + cell counts < 200 cells/mm3 compared to those with CD4 + cell counts > 500 cells/mm3, suggesting possible reactivation caused by HIV-induced immune suppression. Higher HBV and HCV seropositivities but not HEV seropositivity were also observed in the HIV-positive group. Further correlation analyses demonstrated that HBV and HEV are potential risk factors for increased prevalence of PyV infection.

Identification of an HIV-1 and Neurosyphilis Cluster in Vermont

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devika Singh ◽  
William M Switzer ◽  
Roy Belcher ◽  
Daniel Daltry ◽  
Jennifer S Read
Keyword(s):  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Intervention Specialists ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Sexual Networking

Abstract Background Rates of syphilis in the U.S. have more than doubled over the last several decades, largely among men who have sex with men (MSM). Our study characterizes a cluster of neurosyphilis cases among HIV-1-infected individuals in Vermont in 2017-2018. Methods Vermont Department of Health disease intervention specialists conduct interviews with all newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases and pursued sexual networking analyses. Phylogenetic and network analyses of available Vermont HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences identified clusters of infection. Fishers-exact and independent t-tests were used to compare HIV-1-infected individuals within or outside an identified cluster. Results Between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018, 38 Vermont residents were newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection. The mean age was 35.5 years, 79% were male and 82% were white. Risk factors for HIV-1 acquisition included MSM status (79%) and methamphetamine use (21%). Eighteen cases (49%) had HIV-1 viral loads (VLs) &gt;100,000 copies/mL and 47% had CD4 cell counts &lt;200/mm 3. Eleven of the 38 (29%) cases had positive syphilis serology, including four (36%) with neurosyphilis. Sexual networking analysis revealed a ten-person cluster with higher VLs at diagnosis (90% with VLs &gt; 100,000 copies/mL vs. 33%, p=0.015). Phylogenetic analysis of pol sequences showed a cluster of 14 cases with sequences that shared 98-100% HIV-1 nucleotide identity. Conclusions This investigation of newly infected HIV-1 cases in Vermont led to identification of a cluster that appeared more likely to have advanced HIV-1 disease and neurosyphilis. Identification of a cluster was strongly supported by both phylogenetic and network analyses of HIV-1 pol sequences.

Impact of baseline viral load and adherence on survival of HIV-infected adults with baseline CD4 cell counts ≥ 200 cells/μl

AIDS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1117-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Wood ◽  
Robert S Hogg ◽  
Benita Yip ◽  
David Moore ◽  
P Richard Harrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Virologic Outcomes among People Living with HIV with High Pre-Therapy Viral Load Burden Initiating on Common Core Agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M Mills ◽  
Kathy L Schulman ◽  
Jennifer S Fusco ◽  
Michael B Wohlfeiler ◽  
Julie L Priest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with viral loads (VL) ≥100,000 copies/mL are less likely to achieve virologic success, but few studies have characterized real-world treatment outcomes. Methods ART-naïve PLWH with VLs ≥100,000 copies/mL initiating dolutegravir (DTG), elvitegravir (EVG), raltegravir (RAL) or darunavir (DRV) between 12Aug2013 and 31July2017 were identified from the OPERA Database. Virologic failure was defined as (i) 2 consecutive VLs ≥200 copies/mL after 36 weeks of ART, or (ii) 1 VL ≥200 copies/mL with core agent discontinuation after 36 weeks, or (iii) 2 consecutive VL ≥200 copies/mL after suppression (≤50 copies/mL) before 36 weeks, or (iv) 1 VL ≥200 copies/mL with discontinuation after suppression before 36 weeks. Cox modelling estimated the association between regimen and virologic failure. Results There were 2,038 ART-naïve patients with high VL who initiated DTG (36%), EVG (46%), DRV (16%) or RAL (2%). Median follow-up was 18.1 months (IQR:12.4-28.9). EVG and DTG initiators were similar at baseline but RAL initiators were older and more likely to be female with low CD4 cell counts while DRV initiators differed notably on factors associated with treatment failure. Virologic failure was experienced by 9.2% DTG, 13.2% EVG, 18.4% RAL and 18.8% DRV initiators. Compared to DTG, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) was 1.46 (1.05, 2.03) for EVG, 2.24 (1.50, 3.34) for DRV, and 4.13 (1.85, 9.24) for RAL. Conclusion ART-naïve PLWH with high VLs initiating on DTG were significantly less likely to experience virologic failure compared to EVG, RAL and DRV initiators.

Association between Sex, CD4 Cell Counts, Antiretroviral Medications, and Olfactory and Gustatory Functions of HIV-Infected Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayotunde James Fasunla ◽  
Ukamaka Nwankwo ◽  
Ayodeji Matthew Adebayo ◽  
Onyekwere George Nwaorgu
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective To investigate the olfactory and gustatory functions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults in Ibadan, Nigeria. Study Design A cross-sectional study of olfactory and gustatory functions of HIV-infected adults between March 2015 and December 2015. Setting Tertiary health institution. Subjects and Methods A structured questionnaire was administered to participants to obtain relevant sociodemographic and clinical information. Participants’ nadir and most recent CD4 cell count and viral loads were obtained from their medical records. Participants’ body mass indices were determined, and each subjectively rated their olfactory and gustatory performances. Objective olfactory and gustatory functions were determined using validated “Sniffin’ Sticks” and “Taste Strips” impregnated with 4 different concentrations of sucrose, quinine hydrochloride, sodium chloride, and citric acid. Results In total, 135 HIV-infected adults, comprising 41 (30.4%) men and 94 (69.6%) women, were evaluated. Their ages ranged from 20 to 70 years, mean 43.4 ± 10.4 years. Participants were on highly active antiretroviral therapy for a mean duration of 75.8 ± 36.9 months. The proportions of male participants in HIV stages 1, 2, and 3 were 18 (43.9%), 19 (46.3%), and 4 (9.8%), respectively, while female participants were 46 (48.9%), 41 (43.6%), and 7 (7.4%), respectively. Participants’ mean olfactory threshold, discrimination, identification, and TDI scores were 8.0 ± 4.9, 9.9 ± 4.7, 8.8 ± 4.5, and 26.7 ± 11.1, respectively, while total taste score was 25.1 ± 5.7. Conclusion HIV-infected adults have tendency to develop hyposmia and hypogeusia. These are worse with advanced stage of HIV infection.

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