Monitoring of HIV viral loads, CD4 cell counts, and clinical assessments versus clinical monitoring alone for antiretroviral therapy in rural district hospitals in Cameroon (Stratall ANRS 12110/ESTHER): a randomised non-inferiority trial

Atevirdine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In this study we investigated the effect of atevirdine in asymptomatic antiretroviral naive HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts of between 200 and 750 cells per mm3. Patients were randomized to receive 600 mg of atevirdine (n = 15) or a placebo (n = 15) three times a day for 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant effect of atevirdine on viral loads (HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA levels by PCR) or CD4+ cell counts. The data do not support the use of atevirdine as a monotherapy in the treatment of HIV-infected patients.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and viral loads of polyomaviruses BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV and HEV in HIV-infected patients in China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74244-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xianfeng Zhou ◽

Kenji Nakashima ◽

Masahiko Ito ◽

Xiaoling Zhang ◽

Satoshi Sakai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Positive ◽

Hepatitis Viruses ◽

Positive Group ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Hiv Rna ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Cd4 Cell

Abstract Human polyomaviruses (PyVs) and hepatitis viruses are often more prevalent or persistent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and the associated diseases are more abundant than in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we evaluated seroreactivities and viral loads of human PyVs and hepatitis viruses in HIV/AIDS patients and the general population in China in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. A total of 810 HIV-1-infected patients and age- and sex-matched HIV-negative individuals were enrolled to assess seroprevalence of PyVs BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV, and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV, and HEV. 583 (72%) patients received cART, and among them, 31.2% had undetectable HIV RNA. While no significant difference was observed in prevalence of anti-PyV antibodies between HIV-positive and -negative groups, serum DNA positivity and DNA copy level of MCPyV were higher in the HIV-positive group. Among HIV-infected patients, BKPyV DNA positivity was significantly higher in patients with CD4 + cell counts < 200 cells/mm3 compared to those with CD4 + cell counts > 500 cells/mm3, suggesting possible reactivation caused by HIV-induced immune suppression. Higher HBV and HCV seropositivities but not HEV seropositivity were also observed in the HIV-positive group. Further correlation analyses demonstrated that HBV and HEV are potential risk factors for increased prevalence of PyV infection.

Download Full-text

Safety of Switching to Nevirapine-Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Elevated CD4 Cell Counts in a Resource-Constrained Setting

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0b013e318074ef99 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 598-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N Kumarasamy ◽

Kartik K Venkatesh ◽

Bella Devaleenal ◽

Vidhya Palanivel ◽

Anitha J Cecelia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Resource Constrained ◽

Highly Active ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell

Download Full-text

Predicting Direct Costs of HIV Care During the First Year of Darunavir-Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Using CD4 Cell Counts

PharmacoEconomics ◽

10.2165/11587510-000000000-00000 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (S1) ◽

pp. 169-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrew M. Hill ◽

Kelly Gebo ◽

Lindsay Hemmett ◽

Mickael Löthgren ◽

Gabriele Allegri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Direct Costs ◽

Hiv Care ◽

First Year ◽

Highly Active ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell

Download Full-text

Identification of an HIV-1 and Neurosyphilis Cluster in Vermont

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1834 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Devika Singh ◽

William M Switzer ◽

Roy Belcher ◽

Daniel Daltry ◽

Jennifer S Read

Keyword(s):

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Intervention Specialists ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Sexual Networking

Abstract Background Rates of syphilis in the U.S. have more than doubled over the last several decades, largely among men who have sex with men (MSM). Our study characterizes a cluster of neurosyphilis cases among HIV-1-infected individuals in Vermont in 2017-2018. Methods Vermont Department of Health disease intervention specialists conduct interviews with all newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases and pursued sexual networking analyses. Phylogenetic and network analyses of available Vermont HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences identified clusters of infection. Fishers-exact and independent t-tests were used to compare HIV-1-infected individuals within or outside an identified cluster. Results Between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018, 38 Vermont residents were newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection. The mean age was 35.5 years, 79% were male and 82% were white. Risk factors for HIV-1 acquisition included MSM status (79%) and methamphetamine use (21%). Eighteen cases (49%) had HIV-1 viral loads (VLs) >100,000 copies/mL and 47% had CD4 cell counts <200/mm 3. Eleven of the 38 (29%) cases had positive syphilis serology, including four (36%) with neurosyphilis. Sexual networking analysis revealed a ten-person cluster with higher VLs at diagnosis (90% with VLs > 100,000 copies/mL vs. 33%, p=0.015). Phylogenetic analysis of pol sequences showed a cluster of 14 cases with sequences that shared 98-100% HIV-1 nucleotide identity. Conclusions This investigation of newly infected HIV-1 cases in Vermont led to identification of a cluster that appeared more likely to have advanced HIV-1 disease and neurosyphilis. Identification of a cluster was strongly supported by both phylogenetic and network analyses of HIV-1 pol sequences.

Download Full-text

Primary Prophylaxis for Cryptococcosis With Fluconazole in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Patients With CD4 Cell Counts <100 Cells/mm3 and Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofw194.61 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chutchaiwat Savetamornkul ◽

Warisara Pattanapongpaiboon ◽

Somnuek Sungkanuparph

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Primary Prophylaxis ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cd4 Cell

Download Full-text

Relationship of CD8+ T cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV response to CD4+ T cell number in untreated asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2001-11-0078 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 99 (11) ◽

pp. 4225-4227 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

JoAnn C. Castelli ◽

Steven G. Deeks ◽

Stephen Shiboski ◽

Jay A. Levy

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Number ◽

Current Recommendation ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd8 Cell ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Cd4 Cell

During chronic HIV infection, asymptomatic individuals demonstrate a strong CD8+ cell noncytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR). With the onset of symptoms or reduction in CD4+ cell counts, CNAR decreases. Presently, it is recommended that infected individuals receive antiretroviral therapy if CD4+ cell counts fall below 350 cells/μL. To determine whether CNAR lends support to this recommendation for initiation of antiretroviral treatment, we examined CNAR in 20 healthy, untreated, HIV-infected men exhibiting a range of CD4+ cell numbers. Our results indicate that the asymptomatic untreated HIV-infected individuals with less than 300 CD4+ cells/μL had a significantly lower CNAR than those with higher CD4+ cell counts. These data on CNAR in untreated, healthy, HIV-infected individuals support the current recommendation for when to initiate antiretroviral therapy.

Download Full-text