scholarly journals Alarming development of dual snus and cigarette usage among young Finnish males

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Danielsson ◽  
Anelma Lammi ◽  
Simo Siitonen ◽  
Jukka Ollgren ◽  
Liisa Pylkkänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies

Abstract Background The consumption of tobacco products has evolved to include more complex combinations of different products. We investigated the tobacco habits of a representative population of young Finnish male conscripts in order to evaluate the prevalence of dual use of cigarettes and snus as well as the transition from one tobacco product to another. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between the level of education and the use of cigarettes and snus. Methods A questionnaire-based survey was carried out in three out of 17 garrisons among conscripts during their first week of service in 2014. A total of 1971 male conscripts were selected by simple random sampling of the 9013 males in the selected garrisons. Of them 1916 participated and filled in the questionnaire. The response rate was 97.2%. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions including age, gender, basic education, use of tobacco products as well as questions assessing nicotine dependency. Results The amount of dual users of cigarettes and snus was 21%. There was a higher probability of dual use of cigarettes and snus among smokers compared to snus users (p < 0.001). One third (35%) of former smokers reported daily snus use and over 40% of the former snus users smoked daily. One third (34%) of the participants reported snus usage and 14% of the study subjects used snus daily. 40% of the study population were smokers and over 25% smoked daily. Of the participants with basic educational background 57% smoked daily (p < 0.001), however, no association between snus and level of education was found (p = 0.69). Conclusions This study provides better understanding of the complex tobacco habits of young adult males. The simultaneous usage of multiple tobacco products as well as the high tendency to transition from one tobacco product to another should be taken into consideration when planning cessation interventions in health care settings and tobacco control policies at societal levels.

scholarly journals Heated tobacco products: another tobacco industry global strategy to slow progress in tobacco control

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s111-s117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella A Bialous ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Slow Progress

There has been a global decline in tobacco consumption that, if continued, will negatively impact the tobacco industry’s profits. This decline led the industry to invent and market new products, including heated tobacco products (HTP). HTP are an extension of the industry’s strategies to undermine government’s tobacco regulatory efforts as they are being promoted as part of the solution for the tobacco epidemic. Under the moniker of ‘harm reduction’, the tobacco companies are attempting to rehabilitate their reputation so they can more effectively influence governments to roll back existing tobacco control policies or create exemptions for their HTP. Rolling back tobacco control policies will make it easier for the companies to renormalise tobacco use to increase social acceptability for all their products. When regulations are absent or when loopholes exist in classifying HTP as a tobacco product (thus subject to all tobacco control regulations), the industry’s marketing of HTP is making these products more visible to the public and more accessible. Governments need to ensure that HTP are regulated as tobacco products or drugs and reject partnerships with the tobacco companies to promote ‘harm reduction’. The tobacco companies remain the vector of the tobacco-caused epidemic and cannot be part of the global tobacco control solution.

scholarly journals Assessment of industry data on pulmonary and immunosuppressive effects of IQOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s20-s25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Moazed ◽  
Lauren Chun ◽  
Michael A Matthay ◽  
Carolyn S Calfee ◽  
Jeffrey Gotts
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

IntroductionHeated tobacco products are being touted as novel reduced-harm tobacco products by tobacco companies. In the USA, Philip Morris International submitted a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application to the US Food and Drug Administration in 2016 in which it purports that its heated tobacco product, I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking (IQOS), is associated with reduced harm compared with conventional cigarettes.MethodsWe reviewed Philip Morris International’s MRTP application to assess the pulmonary and immune toxicities associated with IQOS use in both animal and human studies.ResultsAmong rats exposed to IQOS, there was evidence of pulmonary inflammation and immunomodulation. In human users, there was no evidence of improvement in pulmonary inflammation or pulmonary function in cigarette smokers who were switched to IQOS.ConclusionIQOS is associated with significant pulmonary and immunomodulatory toxicities with no detectable differences between conventional cigarette smokers and those who were switched to IQOS in Philip Morris International’s studies. Philip Morris International also failed to consider how dual use and secondhand aerosol exposure may further impact, and likely increase, the harms associated with these products.

scholarly journals Associations between the Type of Tobacco Products and Suicidal Behaviors: A Nationwide Population-Based Study among Korean Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Youn Huh ◽  
Hong-Jun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Suicidal Plans

The relationships between multiple tobacco products, such as heated tobacco products (HTPs), electronic cigarettes (ECs), and combustible cigarettes (CCs), and suicide-related behaviors among adolescents have not been extensively researched. This study examined the associations between the type of tobacco products used and suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts among Korean adolescents. Data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey were analyzed, and participants included 57,069 individuals aged 13–18 years. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Of the total participants, 13.0%, 4.0%, and 2.9% reported suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans, and suicidal attempts, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, all tobacco product users showed a greater likelihood of having suicidal behavior. However, compared with never users, dual users of CCs and HTPs were not significantly associated with having suicidal thoughts and attempts. Among tobacco product users, dual users of ECs and HTPs and triple users of CCs, ECs, and HTPs showed a greater likelihood of having suicidal behavior. Considering the prevalence of suicide and the increasing trend of using multiple tobacco products among Korean adolescents, tobacco control policies should monitor the effects of different products.

scholarly journals Tingkat Pendidikan dan Pengetahuan Kepala Keluarga Tentang TB Paru di RT 03 RW 07 Kelurahan Pematang Reba, Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pekan Heran, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Yulianto Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Family

Pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. The number of patients with pulmonary TB in Indragiri Hulu Regency in 2017 was 329 patients. Pematang Reba Village is the highest case in Pekan Heran Puskesmas Work Area as many as 16 patients, where RT 03 RW 07 is the highest case of all RTs in Pematang Reba Village. The aim of study is investigate the relationship of education level with the knowledge of the Head of the Family in RT 03 RW 07 Kelurahan Pematang Reba. The study design used descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach. The population in this study is the head of the family. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling with 132 respondents. The results of the univariate test on the level of education of the Head of the family had basic education (48.5%), secondary education (25%), high education (26.5%) and knowledge of TB Lungs are good (33.3%), Sufficient (20.5%), Poor (46.2%). Bivariate test results showed there is relationship between the level of education with the knowledge of family heads about pulmonary TB, with a p value of 0,000 with ɑ <0.05. The level of family head's knowledge of TB is related to education so health education about TB must be done according to level of education in order to achieve desired knowledge and behavior towards TB. Keywords: lung TB; head of family; education; knowledge ABSTRAK

scholarly journals Awareness and Implementation Status of Tobacco Policy Provisions among Students of Public Schools in Budhanilkantha Municipality, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Bhakta KC ◽  
Laxmi Kumari Oli ◽  
Nawa Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Implementation Status ◽  
Product Control

Background: The tobacco epidemic was responded globally with the enforcement of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), a first public health treaty, on 27 February 2005. As a party and signatory country to FCTC, Nepal ratified the tobacco product (control and regulation) act in 2011. After endorsement of the act and other related tobacco policy documents, it is necessary to measure awareness level and the implementation status among different stakeholders including adolescent students. This study aimed to assess the awareness and implementation status of tobacco policy provisions in the students of Budhanilkantha Municipality of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Methods: This study was a school-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 378 students were recruited from five schools of Budhanilkantha municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal. The self-administered questionnaires were adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) tool of the World Health Organization and youth-tobacco survey tool of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to collect the data. Results: The study showed that less than half of the participants (45.8%) knew that there is a tobacco product (control and regulatory) act in Nepal. Similarly, two-thirds (65.9%) of the participants responded that they were aware of the selling of tobacco products to a person below 18 years was legally prohibited in Nepal. In terms of tobacco laws enforcement, 66.2% of the participants were not prevented from buying tobacco products because of their age. Conclusions: More than half of the students were found unaware of tobacco control policies of Nepal, despite the students are the key target stakeholders of tobacco control policies. Additionally, implementation of policy provisions related to protecting the students from tobacco in school or home is not effectively enforced although Nepal has comprehensive tobacco control policies.

scholarly journals Polytobacco product use among current cigarette smokers in Hong Kong, China: results from population surveys (2015–17)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Chau ◽  
M. P. Wang ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
D. Y. T. Cheung ◽  
A. Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Polytobacco product use is increasingly popular, but little is known about the prevalence, trend, and factors of such use particularly in non-western countries. Method A representative sample of 1139 current cigarette smokers aged 15+ (84.1% male) were telephone interviewed in Tobacco Control Policy-related Surveys in 2015–2017. Information collected included poly-tobacco use (PTU), smoking and socio-demographic characteristics. Associations of current PTU with related factors were analyzed using logistic regression with adjustment for confounders. Prevalence was weighted by age and sex of current cigarette users in the general population. Results Eighty-four point one percent (95% CI 81.4–86.6%) were exclusive cigarette smokers. Fifteen point nine percent (13.4–18.6%) were current polytobacco product users, 12.3% (10.2–14.8%) used one tobacco product and 2.52% (1.59–3.97%) used two tobacco products in addition to cigarette. Cigarette use with cigar was more common (6.28%, 4.75–8.27%), and the least used product with cigarette was e-cigarette (1.05%, 0.44–2.50%). The changes in overall prevalence of PTU by number of products use varied in 3 years. Current PTU was associated with being male (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.12–3.61), younger age (AORs range from 1.34–4.65, P for trend < .001) and less ready to quit (2.08, 1.09–3.97). Conclusions Prevalence of PTU increased slowly by year, one tobacco product use with cigarette was more common. The most used tobacco product with cigarette was cigar. Being male, younger and less ready to quit were associated with current PTU.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prevalence of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 398-405
Author(s):  
Takuma Ofuchi ◽  
Aye Myat Myat Zaw ◽  
Bang-on Thepthien
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Score Range

Currently, e-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use in a sample of adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. The sample comprises 6167 students from 48 schools (grades 9, 11, and vocational year 2) who participated in the 2019 round of the Behavior Surveillance Survey. History of 11 ACEs was used to calculate a cumulative ACE score (range 0-11). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between history of ACEs and smoking. In the sample, 7.0% reported using e-cigarettes only and 9.5% used e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual use). After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, history of ACEs was associated with increased odds of dual use. The odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was significantly greater if the adolescent had a history of ≥4 ACEs. Special attention is needed to prevent smoking of different types among those with a history of ACEs.

Patterns of non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine use among current cigarette smokers and recent quitters: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Ron Borland ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Anne C K Quah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Current Cigarette

Abstract Introduction This study explores patterns of use of non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine products among adult cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers. Along with cigarette smoking status we explore differences as a function of countries with different product regulations, gender and age. Methods Data came from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Wave 3 Survey conducted between February-June 2020. The analytic sample consisted of 9112 current cigarette smokers (at least monthly) and 1184 recent ex-smokers (quit cigarettes ≤ 2 years) from Australia, Canada, England, and the US. Respondents were asked about their cigarette smoking and current use of the following non-cigarette products: combustible tobacco (cigars, cigarillos, pipe, waterpipe); non-combustible tobacco (smokeless tobacco, and heated tobacco products (HTPs)); and non-tobacco nicotine products (nicotine vaping products (NVPs), nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and nicotine pouches)). Results Overall, NVPs (13.7%) and NRT (10.9%) were the most reported nicotine products used, followed by cigars (5.3%), cigarillos (4.2%), and HTPs (3.5%). More than 21% current and recent ex-smokers of cigarettes reported using a non-tobacco nicotine product and non-combustible product, with respondents in England reporting the highest levels of use (&gt;26%). Males, younger respondents, and current non-daily cigarette smokers were more likely to use non-cigarette nicotine products. Notably, 11.6% of ex-cigarette smokers were using other combustible tobacco. Conclusion Considerable percentages of current cigarette smokers and ex-smokers use non-cigarette nicotine products, and there are unexpectedly high levels of use of other combustible products by those recent ex-smokers of cigarettes which is concerning and has important implications for definitions of smoking cessation. Implications The tobacco product market has evolved to include new products which add to existing non-cigarette tobacco products creating a much more diverse nicotine market. This brief report provides a snapshot of use of various combustible and non-combustible nicotine containing products among current cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers in four western countries. Our results indicate that use of non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine products among these cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers is not low, particularly among males, younger and non-daily cigarette smokers. Use of other combustible tobacco among respondents that recently quit cigarette smoking is concerning and has important implications for definitions of smoking cessation. Increased emphasis on researching non-cigarette nicotine product use is warranted in tobacco control generally and smoking cessation in particular.

FDA’s reduced exposure marketing order for IQOS: why it is not a reliable global model

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056316
Author(s):  
Lauren Kass Lempert ◽  
Stella Bialous ◽  
Stanton Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Sales And Marketing ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued orders in July 2020 authorising Philip Morris Products S.A. to market its heated tobacco product (HTP) IQOS inside the USA with claims that it reduces exposure to some dangerous substances. FDA’s ‘reduced-exposure’ orders explicitly prohibit the marketing of IQOS with claims that IQOS will reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related diseases. Under US law, FDA’s IQOS orders are problematic because FDA disregarded valid scientific evidence that IQOS increases exposure to other dangerous toxins and that Philip Morris Products S.A. failed to demonstrate that consumers understand the difference between reduced-exposure and reduced-harm claims. Unfortunately, both ‘reduced-exposure’ and ‘reduced-harm’ are classified as ‘modified risk tobacco products’ under US law. Exploiting this confusion, Philip Morris International used the FDA decision as the basis for marketing and public relations campaigns outside the USA to press governments to reverse policies that ban or regulate the sales and marketing of HTPs, including IQOS. Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control should reject tobacco companies’ unsubstantiated explicit or implied claims of reduced harm associated with HTPs and resist Philip Morris International’s and other companies’ calls to relax HTP regulations based on the FDA’s actions. Instead, parties should adopt policies aligned with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control when dealing with HTPs and other novel tobacco products.

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL REGRESI LOGISTIK MULTINOMIAL PADA PENGELOMPOKAN PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mella Apriyani ◽  
Jajang Jajang ◽  
Agustini Tripena Br. Sb.
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

There are three types of  Tuberculosis (TB) patients at Banyumas Region Hospital, namely negative  pulmonary TB, positive pulmonary TB, and extra pulmonary TB. Types of TB generally caused by age, cae of history, gender, level of education, and domicile. One of the methods that used to find a correlation between types of TB with the affect is regression analysis. This study used multinomial logistic regession analysis because types of TB is categorical and the data is 156 TB’s patients recorded at 2018/2019. The result showed that the level of education be a dominant factor to affect TB. Here, we noted that patients with basic education level have a 5,843 time odds for getting positive pulmonary TB and 2,224 times for getting extra pulmonary TB. The multinomial logistic regression model is then given as probability for getting positive pulmonary TB with factor level of education is greather than negative pulmonary TB and extra pulmonary TB.

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