scholarly journals Measuring cost and affordability of current vs. healthy diets in Argentina: an application of linear programming and the INFORMAS protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Giacobone ◽  
Maria Victoria Tiscornia ◽  
Leila Guarnieri ◽  
Luciana Castronuovo ◽  
Sally Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimal Approach

Abstract Background Food cost and affordability is one of the main barriers to improve the nutritional quality of diets of the population. However, in Argentina, where over 60% of adults and 40% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, little is known about the difference in cost and affordability of healthier diets compared to ordinary, less healthy ones. Methods We implemented the “optimal approach” proposed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). We modelled the current diet and two types of healthy diets, one equal in energy with the current diet and one 6.3% lower in energy by linear programming. Cost estimations were performed by collecting food product prices and running a Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) to obtain a range of costs for each model diet. Affordability was measured as the percentage contribution of diet cost vs. average household income in average, poor and extremely poor households and by income deciles. Results On average, households must spend 32% more money on food to ensure equal energy intake from a healthy diet than from a current model diet. When the energy intake target was reduced by 6.3%, the difference in cost was 22%. There are no reasonably likely situations in which any of these healthy diets could cost less or the same than the current unhealthier one. Over 50% of households would be unable to afford the modelled healthy diets, while 40% could not afford the current diet. Conclusions Differential cost and affordability of healthy vs. unhealthy diets are germane to the design of effective public policies to reduce obesity and NCDs in Argentina. It is necessary to implement urgent measures to transform the obesogenic environment, making healthier products more affordable, available and desirable, and discouraging consumption of nutrient-poor, energy-rich foods.

scholarly journals Measuring cost and affordability of current vs. healthy diets in Argentina: an application of linear programming and the INFORMAS protocol.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Giacobone ◽  
Maria Victoria Tiscornia ◽  
Leila Guarnieri ◽  
Luciana Castronuovo ◽  
Sally Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimal Approach

Abstract Background Food cost and affordability is one of the main barriers to improve the nutritional quality of diets of the population. However, in Argentina, where over 60% of adults and 40% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, little is known about the difference in cost and affordability of healthier diets compared to ordinary, less healthy ones. Methods We implemented the "optimal approach" proposed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). We modelled the current diet and two types of healthy diets, one equal in energy with the current diet and one 6.3% lower in energy by linear programming. Cost estimations were performed by collecting food product prices and running a Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) to obtain a range of costs for each model diet. Affordability was measured as the percentage contribution of diet cost vs. average household income in average, poor and extremely poor households and by income deciles. Results On average, households must spend 32% more money on food to ensure equal energy intake from a healthy diet than from a current model diet. When the energy intake target was reduced by 6.3%, the difference in cost was 22%. There are no reasonably likely situations in which any of these healthy diets could cost less or the same than the current unhealthier one. Over 50% of households would be unable to afford the modelled healthy diets, while 40% could not afford the current diet.Conclusions Differential cost and affordability of healthy vs. unhealthy diets are germane to the design of effective public policies to reduce obesity and NCDs in Argentina. It is necessary to implement urgent measures to transform the obesogenic environment, making healthier products more affordable, available and desirable, and discouraging consumption of nutrient-poor, energy-rich foods.

scholarly journals Measuring cost and affordability of current vs. healthy diets in Argentina: an adaptation of the INFORMAS protocol.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Giacobone ◽  
Maria Victoria Tiscornia ◽  
Leila Guarnieri ◽  
Luciana Castronuovo ◽  
Sally Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimal Approach

Abstract Background Food cost and affordability is one of the main barriers to improve the nutritional quality of diets of the population. However, in Argentina, where over 60% of adults and 40% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, little is known about the difference in cost and affordability of healthier diets compared to ordinary, less healthy ones. Methods We implemented an adaptation of the "optimal approach" proposed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). We modelled the current diet and two types of healthy diets, one equal in energy with the current diet and one 6.3% lower in energy. Cost estimations were performed by collecting food product prices and running a Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) to obtain a range of costs for each model diet. Affordability was measured as the percentage contribution of diet cost vs. average household income in average, poor and extremely poor households and by income deciles. Results On average, households must spend 32% more money on food to ensure equal energy intake from a healthy diet than from a current model diet. When the energy intake target was reduced by 6.3%, the difference in cost was 22%. There are no reasonably likely situations in which any of these healthy diets could cost less or the same than the current unhealthier one. Over 50% of households would be unable to afford the modelled healthy diets, while 40% could not afford the current diet.Conclusions Differential cost and affordability of healthy vs. unhealthy diets are germane to the design of effective public policies to reduce obesity and NCDs in Argentina. It is necessary to implement urgent measures to transform the obesogenic environment, making healthier products more affordable, available and desirable, and discouraging consumption of nutrient-poor, energy-rich foods.

Dynamic effects of consumption tax reforms with durable consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Generation Model ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Income Risk ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Market Completeness ◽  
Durable Consumption ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Borrowing Constraint ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Consumption Taxes

AbstractThis paper introduces durables into a dynamic general equilibrium overlapping generation model with idiosyncratic income shocks and endogenous borrowing constraints, which depend on durables. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the welfare effects of consumption tax reforms in a richer model that captures the difference between nondurable and durable consumption. When durables are considered, the standard results that a shift to consumption taxes is welfare improving are overturned. The mechanism of this opposing result is that consumption tax makes durable consumption more expensive without relaxing the borrowing constraint. The inability of borrowing to insure against income risk deviates the economy further away from market completeness and particularly hurts young and poor households. As a result, welfare decreases, coupled with negative redistribution.

scholarly journals A scoping review of chronotype and temporal patterns of eating of adults: Tools used, findings, and future directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
Yan Yin Phoi ◽  
Michelle Rogers ◽  
Maxine P. Bonham ◽  
Jillian Dorrian ◽  
Alison M. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Meal Skipping ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Circadian rhythms, metabolic processes, and dietary intake are inextricably linked. Timing of food intake is a modifiable temporal cue for the circadian system and may be influenced by numerous factors, including individual chronotype—an indicator of an individual’s circadian rhythm in relation to the light-dark cycle. This scoping review examines temporal patterns of eating across chronotypes and assesses tools that have been used to collect data on temporal patterns of eating and chronotype. A systematic search identified thirty-six studies in which aspects of temporal patterns of eating including meal timings; meal skipping; energy distribution across the day; meal frequency; time interval between meals, or meals and wake/sleep times; midpoint of food/energy intake; meal regularity; and duration of eating window were presented in relation to chronotype. Findings indicate that compared to morning chronotypes, evening chronotypes tend to skip meals more frequently, have later mealtimes, and distribute greater energy intake towards later times of the day. More studies should explore the difference in meal regularity and duration of eating window amongst chronotypes. Currently, tools used in collecting data on chronotype and temporal patterns of eating are varied, limiting the direct comparison of findings between studies. Development of a standardised assessment tool will allow future studies to confidently compare findings to inform the development and assessment of guidelines that provide recommendations on temporal patterns of eating for optimal health.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT MODELING OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY IN THE INDUSTRY 4.0 CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Vladimirovich Sirotin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Gravitational Model ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Technological Stage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimal Approach

The development of the Russian economy should take into account the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept. This concept does not have clear assessment parameters. Estimating such parameters is problematic. The development of high-tech industries is one of the main objectives of the implementation of Industry 4.0. Prediction of economic development in modern conditions is possible on the basis of mathematical modeling methods. The difference in technological stage of the domestic economy determines the feasibility of a regional approach. Agent-based modeling is the optimal approach to solving this problem. This approach allows simulating the activities of agents. The simulated environment sets the conditions for the agents to function. A gravitational model proposed to assess the economic system functioning environment. The proposed gravitational model allows us to assess the relationship between regions on the basis of high-tech trade. The approbation carried in the Sverdlovsk region conditions. As a result of the study established, the development of the Sverdlovsk region high-tech environment, covering the main industrial regions of The Urals, Volga and Siberian federal districts, and the Central Region. Purpose: Construction of the spatial development an assessing model of high-tech environment in the agent-oriented model of territories economic development in the Industry 4.0 conditions. Methodology: methods of system, structural and logical analysis, tools of gravitational modeling. Results: The proposed gravitational model allowed us to assess the interregional interrelations of Sverdlovsk region on the basis of high-tech trade. Practical implications: The results can be useful for assessing the environment of the economic system in the context of Industry 4.0 in the agent-oriented approach.

An experimental study of the effect of packaging colour on children's evaluation of packaging and attitude towards the brand

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Bezaz ◽  
Mathieu Kacha
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Age Features ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Additional Product

PurposeThis article aims to determine how packaging colour (hue, saturation and brightness) for a healthy food product might influence children's evaluation of the packaging and their attitude towards the brand.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment involving 157 children (7–12 years of age) features a within-subject, factorial design. The product selected for this experiment is an unknown brand of orange juice.FindingsEach colour dimension on packaging exerts an impact on children's evaluation of the packaging and attitude towards the brand. Therefore, the colour featured on packaging can be an effective lever for action to ensure and enhance children's healthy diets.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should investigate these effects across additional product categories, brands and colours.Practical implicationsPackaging is an important marketing tool that influences children's evaluation of the packaging and attitude towards the brand, especially at the point of sale. To understand and exploit these packaging colour effects appropriately for healthy products, it is crucial to understand the effects of various packaging colour dimensions.Originality/valueLittle prior research has addressed the effects of packaging on children's responses, especially by accounting for multiple colour dimensions. Nor has extant research identified how packaging colour dimensions can affect children's evaluation and brand attitude. Especially in consideration of the growing problem of childhood obesity, it is important to give marketers effective ways to promote healthy products.

scholarly journals PENURUNAN BIAYA RANSUM BERBASIS LIMBAH TEBU DENGAN PEMANFAATAN Thitonia diversifolia UNTUK SAPI BALI

Pastura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Adrizal Adrizal
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
Bali Cattle

The research is aimed to minimizing the diet costs of bali beef cattle by using sugarcane waste as an energy source and Thitonia diversifolia as a source of protein. Diet formulated using linear programming (LP) with QSB+ software. The input data was the price, nutrient content and limitation of the feed stuffs used, as well as nutritional requirements of bali cattle. The output of the LP was composition and price of diet. Research conducted at the center for the production of sugar cane in Kenagarian Talang Babungo, Hiliran Gumanti District, Solok Regency, Sumatera Barat Province. The feed stuffs that are potential is provided on site research was sugar cane top, bagasse, liquid waste processing of sugar cane, rice bran, palm kernel cake, Thitonia diversifolia, minerals and salts. The treatment was the level of use Thitonia diversifolia in rations which is 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%. Diet formulation results showed decreased amounts of usage for palm kernel cake of the using Thitonia diversifolia. The decrease of using palm kernel cake caused minimizing of complete diet cost. The price of the diet (dry matter basis) without Thitonia diversifolia was Rp. 1481/kg, whereas the use of as much as 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% caused the price of ration Rp. 1354/kg, Rp. 1296/kg to and Rp. 1239/kg respectively. The conclusion was the use of Thitonia diversifolia can minimize thecost of diet for bali beef cattle in the site of research.Keywords: sugar cane waste, Thitonia diversifolia, diet cost, linear programming, Bali cattle.

scholarly journals Mass Transport of Gases across the Air–Water Interface: Implications for Aldehyde Emissions in the Uinta Basin, Utah, USA

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Marc L. Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Uinta Basin ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pass Through

When they dissolve in water, aldehydes become hydrated to gem-diols: R−COH+H2O↔RCH(OH)2. Such reactions can complicate air–water transport models. Because of a persistent belief that the gem-diols do not exist in the vapor phase, typical models do not allow them to pass through the air–water interface, but in fact, they do. Therefore, transport models that allow both molecular forms to exist in both phases and to pass through the interface are needed. Such a model is presented here as a generalization of Whitman’s two-film model. Since Whitman’s model has fallen into disuse, justification of its use is also given. There are hypothetical instances for which the flux predicted by the current model is significantly larger than the flux predicted when models forbid the diol form from passing through the interface. However, for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, the difference is about 6% and 2%, respectively.

Milk yield responses by dairy cows in mid-lactation to changes in feeding levels

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The reduction in milk production following a decrease in feeding level was compared with the increase in milk following an increase in feeding level of cows. Forty cows in their 5th month of lactation were allocated to 2 groups and offered either ad libitum pasture or restricted in their grazing so that, after 32 days, the difference in daily milk yield between the groups averaged 3 L/cow. Cows in each group were then offered cut pasture in stalls for 4 weeks to obtain mean daily intakes of either 14.4 or 10.2 kg DM/ cow The reduction in yield of milk energy (0.133 MJ/MJ metabolisable energy intake) following the decrease of intake from 14.4 to 10.2 kg DM/cow.day was similar to the increase in yield of milk energy (0.140 MJ/MJ metabolisable energy intake) following an increase in intake from 10.2 to 14.4 kg DM/cow.day. We conclude that, for cows in mid-lactation, the decrease in milk production following a decrease in feeding level is similar to the increase in milk production following an increase in feeding level. This implies that increases in milk production due to increased feeding can be predicted from experiments which measured reductions in milk production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document