Risk factors for acute respiratory infections in children under five years attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under five-year children. Risk factors include age, sex, socio‐economic status, indoor air pollution, passive smoking, lack of basic health services, and lack of awareness. In this study, we aimed to determine the associated risk factors of ARI in children under five-years of age. Methods: We carried out a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study in the peak period of of November 2017 to February 2018. The study was conducted in Fishtail Hospital and Research Center (FHRC), Pokhara, Nepal. Non probability, purposive sampling technique was used and a structural interview was taken for data collection. The tool comprised of two main parts. Part I- questions related to socio-demographic variables of mother and baby. Part II- questions related to risk factors of ARI. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 16. The Chi Square statistic is used for testing relationships between categorical variables. Results: In total of 302 children visited to FHRC with the symptoms of ARI, only 188 (63%) were diagnosed as ARI. The most common symptoms were fever (42.2%), cough (35.7%), running nose (34.1%), difficulty in breathing (28.5%) and chest in drawing (11.6%). The age of children with ARI ranged from one to sixty month with the mean age of 21.46 ±13.52. Among 188 children, 51% were males whereas 49%were females. There were no statistically differences of children weight at birth among ARI. Our results revealed environmental and social factors associated with ARI. Conclusions: The risk factors significantly associated with ARI were malnutrition, exposure to wood smoke and mosquito coil and contact with person having ARI. Reducing these conditions may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with ARI in children.

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Household management of acute respiratory infections in children under five years in Kampala Uganda

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ◽

10.5897/ajpp2015.4378 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (30) ◽

pp. 730-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dan Kibuule ◽

H Rachel Kagoya

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Household Management ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five

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Risk factors of acute respiratory infections among under five children attending public hospitals in southern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016/2017

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-019-1767-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sielu Alemayehu ◽

Kalayou Kidanu ◽

Tensay Kahsay ◽

Mekuria Kassa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Maternal Literacy

Abstract Background Acute Respiratory infection accounts for 94,037000 disability adjusted life years and 1.9 million deaths worldwide. Acute respiratory infections is the most common causes of under-five illness and mortality. The under five children gets three to six episodes of acute respiratory infections annually regardless of where they live. Disease burden due to acute respiratory infection is 10–50 times higher in developing countries when compared to developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors of acute respiratory infection among under-five children attending Public hospitals in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia 2016/2017. Methods Institution based case control study was conducted from Nov 2016 to June 2017. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 288 (96 cases and 192 controls) children under 5 years of age. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were employed to examine statistical association between the outcome variable and selected independent variables at 95% confidence level. Level of statistical Significance was declared at p < 0.05. Tables, figures and texts were used to present data. Result One hundred sixty (55.6%) and 128 (44.4%) of the participants were males and females respectively. Malnutrition (AOR = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.584–8.951; p = 0.039), cow dung use (AOR =2.21; 95%CI: 1.121–9.373; p = 0.014), presence of smoker in the family (AOR = 0.638; 95% CI: 0.046–0.980; p = 0.042) and maternal literacy (AOR = 3.098; 95%CI: 1.387–18.729; p = 0.021) were found to be significant predictors of acute respiratory infection among under five children. Conclusion According to this study maternal literacy, smoking, cow dung use and nutritional status were strongly associated with increased risk of childhood acute respiratory infection. Health care providers should work jointly with the general public, so that scientific knowledge and guidelines for adopting particular preventive measures for acute respiratory infection are disseminated.

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Factors related with the incidence of acute respiratory infections in toddlers in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Evidence from the Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257881 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0257881

Author(s):

Fathmawati Fathmawati ◽

Saidah Rauf ◽

Braghmandita Widya Indraswari

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Water Source ◽

Demographic Surveillance System ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated

Various factors associated with Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in toddlers have been widely observed, but there are no studies using data from the Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). This study aimed to determine the factors associated with ARI in children under five in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design, using secondary data from the Sleman HDSS. Data of 463 children under five who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in this study. Inclusion criteria were toddlers who have complete observed variable data. The variables observed were the characteristics of children under five, the attributes of the mother, the physical condition of the house, the use of mosquito coils, sanitation facilities, and sources of drinking water. The exclusion criteria were toddlers with pulmonary tuberculosis in the past year. Data analysis used chi-squared tests for bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that working mothers had a greater risk of ARI under five children with OR 1.46 (95% CI = 1.01–2.11), and groundwater as a water source was a protective factor against the occurrence of ARI in toddlers with OR 0.46 (95% CI = 0.26–0.81). After a logistic regression analysis was performed, only the drinking water source variable had a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of ARI in children under five with OR = 0.47 (95% CI = 0.268–0.827). Research on the relationship between water quality and the incidence of ARI in children under five is needed to follow up on these findings.

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