Assessment of root morphology and canal configuration of maxillary premolars in a Saudi subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomographic study

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to use CBCT to look into the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation and associate the results to existing canal morphology classifications. Methods The sample size for this analysis was 500 right and left untreated maxillary first and second premolars with fully formed roots from 250 Saudi residents (125 male and 125 female). The following observations were made using CBCT on the teeth related: (1) The number and morphology of roots; (2) The canal morphology for each root according to Vertucci's classification. The frequency and similarities between the right and left sides, as well as between females and males, were studied. The Chi-square test was used to assess the results. Results Of the 500 maxillary first premolars studied, 199 teeth had one root (39.8%), whilst 293 (58.6%) were two-rooted. Three-rooted maxillary first premolars were found in 8 (1.6%). For maxillary second premolars, 416 premolars had one root (83.2%), whilst 79 (15.8%) had two roots and the rest 5 (1.0%) were three roots. There were significant differences of number of root were found between groups (p > 0.05). For maxillary first premolar, Type IV was the most frequent, accounting for 57.8% of the sample (n = 289), followed by type II (32.8%, n = 164). For maxillary second premolar, Type I was mainly occurrence 302 (60.4%), followed by Type II (16.4%, n = 82). Conclusions The majority of maxillary first premolars had two roots and two root canals, while one root and one root canal was the most common anatomical configuration for maxillary second premolars. Additional canal forms do occur on occasion, and clinicians should pay close attention to them.

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Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Premolars in a Saudi Population

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8170620 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abdullah Alqedairi ◽

Hussam Alfawaz ◽

Yousef Al-Dahman ◽

Faisal Alnassar ◽

Asma Al-Jebaly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Saudi Population ◽

Chi Square ◽

Type Iv ◽

Maxillary Premolars ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Canal Morphology ◽

Chi Square Tests

Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the root canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in a Saudi population using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed CBCT images of 707 Saudi patients. The number of roots and canal configuration were identified based on Vertucci’s classification. Fisher’s exact Chi-square tests were performed to analyze the association between sex and number of roots and sex and root canal configuration.Results. Most teeth had two roots in maxillary first premolars (75.1%) and one root in maxillary second premolars (85.2%). Type IV was the most prevalent canal configuration in maxillary first premolars (69.1%), while Type I was the most in maxillary second premolars (49.4%). All types of canal configurations were observed in maxillary premolars except Type VII for the maxillary second premolar. Chi-square tests showed no significant association between gender and number of roots and sex and root canal configuration in both maxillary first and second premolars although higher number of roots was seen in men (P > 0.05).Conclusion. Most maxillary first premolars had two roots with Type IV being the most predominant canal configuration, while a single root with Type I canal configuration was the most frequently observed morphology in maxillary second premolars. In maxillary first premolars, 21.3% had one canal apically, 75.4% had two canals apically, and 3.3% had three canals apically. In maxillary second premolars, 80.2% had one canal apically, 18.9% had two canals apically, and 0.9% had three canals apically.

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Variations in root canal morphology of the permanent mandibular first molar in Indian population- A CBCT study

IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging ◽

10.18231/j.ijmi.2021.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

Vasavi Santosh ◽

Rhea Reji John ◽

Mandavi Waghmare ◽

Reema Manoj

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Indian Population ◽

Type I ◽

Chi Square ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Mandibular First Molar ◽

Canal Morphology

The purpose of this study was to determine the variations in the number of canals and its morphology in permanent mandibular first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a subset of Indian population. A total of 350 CBCT scans were collected and evaluated in all three orthogonal planes to determine the number of root canals and study their anatomic variations using Vertucci’s classification.: The total number of roots and root canals, the root canal configuration, the incidence, and the correlations between left- and right-side occurrences and between males and females were analysed. Statistically significant differences were evaluated using the chi-square test with SPSS 16.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL), with significance set at p < 0.05.: The results of this study showed that predominantly, two thirds of the subjects had type VI mesial canal configuration and two-thirds had type I distal canal configuration. Also there was significant variance in the canal anatomy across gender and age of the subjects.: CBCT is a clinically useful tool in understanding the variations in root canal morphology, which guides in the assessment of the canal morphology aiding in successful root canal treatment.

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Variations in the Root Form and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular First Molars in a Sri Lankan Population

Anatomy Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/803671 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roshan Peiris ◽

Uthpala Malwatte ◽

Janak Abayakoon ◽

Anuradha Wettasinghe

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Population Sample ◽

Type I ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Canal System ◽

Root Canals ◽

Type Iv ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Canal Morphology

The present study was conducted to determine the number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars (M1) in a Sri Lankan population. Sample of 529 M1 teeth was used. The number of roots was examined and the lengths of the mesial and distal roots were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Vacuum injection protocol was used to inject China ink into the root canal system, making it transparent. Root canal morphology was recorded using Vertucci’s classification. Presence of furcation canals, position of lateral canals, intercanal communications, level of bifurcation, and convergence of the root canal system were recorded. M1 showed three roots in 4.1% of the sample. Commonest root canal morphology of the mesial root was type IV and the distal root was type I. The level of bifurcation of the root canals was commonly observed in the cervical one-third of the root while convergence was observed in the apical one-third in both roots. Prevalence of three rooted mandibular first molars is less than 5%. Mesial root showed the most variable canal morphology. Prevalence of furcation canals was 1.5% while that of middle mesial canals was 0.2%.

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Root Canal Configuration Of Permanent Mandibular First Molars Using Radiographic Tube Shift Technique On Dentistry Student Of University Of Sumatera Utara

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v16i2.1098 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Trelia Boel ◽

Dewi Kartika ◽

Liliana Liliana

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Dental Student ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

The Right ◽

Type V ◽

Mandibular First Molar ◽

Left Region

Introduction: Permanent mandibular first molars are the most commonly experienced treatment failure. Knowledge of root canal configuration needs to be known to establish the right diagnostics and successful root canal treatment. The aim of this study is to find out the root canal configuration of permanent mandibular first molar based on Vertucci classification using tube shift radiography technique among dental student of University of Sumatera Utara. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental with cross sectional approach. 36 students were selected by purposive sampling and data were collected from questionnaire and x-ray radiograph. Results: The result showed that 97.2% of permanent mandibular first molar have two roots and 2.8% have three roots. Variation of root canal configuration according to Vertucci on mesial root right region, type I 8.3%, type II 27.8%, type III 11.1%, type IV 50%, type II classification Gulabivala 2.8%, on left region type I 5.6%, type II 44.4%, type III 2.8%, type IV 44.4%, type II classification Gulabivala 2.8%. On distal root of first molar right region, type I 86.1%, type II 2.8%, type III 8.3%, type V 2.8%, on left region, type I 100%. Conclusion(s): Root canal configuration of mandibular first molar based on Vertucci classification at mesial roots of the right region, type I, II, III, IV, and type II classification Gulabivala , on left region we found type I, II, III, IV, and type II classification Gulabivala . On distal root of the right region, type I, II, III, and type V, on left region only type I.

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Morphology of Mesiobuccal Root Canals of Maxillary First Molars: a comparison of CBCT scanning and Cross-sectioning

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-644020130096 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 525-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carina Maria Lyra ◽

Débora Delai ◽

Keila Cristina Rausch Pereira ◽

Guy Martins Pereira ◽

Bráulio Pasternak Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Iii ◽

Root Canals ◽

Type Iv ◽

The Cross ◽

Cbct Analysis

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars, according to the root canal configuration, prevalence and location of isthmuses at 3 and 6 mm from the apex, comparing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis and cross sectioning of roots by thirds. Images of the mesiobuccal root of 100 maxillary first molars were acquired by CBCT and then roots were cross-sectioned into two parts, starting at 3 mm from the apex. Data were recorded and analyzed according to Weine's classification for root canal configuration, and Hsu and Kim's classification for isthmuses. In the analysis of CBCT images, 8 root canals were classified as type I, 57 as type II, 35 as type III. In the cross-sectioning technique, 19 root canals were classified as type I, 60 as type II, 20 as type III and 1 as type IV. The classification of isthmuses was predominantly type I in both CBCT and cross-sectioning evaluations for sections at 3 mm from the apex, while for sections at 6 mm from the apex, the classification of isthmuses was predominantly types V and II in CBCT and cross-sectioning evaluations, respectively. The cross-sectioning technique showed better results in detection of the internal morphology of root canals than CBCT scanning.

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Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Permanent Molars in an Indian Population

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2012/745152 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hemant Ramesh Chourasia ◽

Ganesh K. Meshram ◽

Manjusha Warhadpande ◽

Darshan Dakshindas

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Indian Population ◽

Type I ◽

Root Canals ◽

Type Iv ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

First Permanent Molars ◽

Canal Morphology

Anin vitrostudy was performed to determine the number of roots, root canals per tooth, root canal configurations, and frequency of isthmi and apical deltas in mandibular first permanent molars in an Indian population. Hundred and fifty mandibular first permanent molars were collected and subjected to clearing technique. The cleared teeth were examined in a stereomicroscope under 7.5x magnifications. The canal configurations were categorized using Vertucci's classification. Overall 94.6% of the mandibular first molars had two roots, and 5.3% had extradistal roots (distolingual root). In addition, 64% of the specimens had three root canals, and 36% had four root canals. The most common canal configurations of mesial and distal roots were Vertucci type IV (54%) and type I (65.3%), respectively. Clinician should be aware of the complex root canal morphology of mandibular first molars among the Indian population before and during the root canal treatment.

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Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Premolars of Bangladeshi Population

Update Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15481 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Aminul Islam ◽

Tasnim Wakia ◽

Md Shamsul Alam

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Single Root ◽

Type Iv ◽

Clearing Technique ◽

Mandibular First Premolar ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Bangladeshi Population ◽

Canal Morphology

Background: The presence of a single root canal in mandibular first premolar cannot be assumed always. The variability in canal morpholohy of root canal includes the number & shape of the canal as well as pathways of the canals. Methods: In this study, 100 mandibular first premolar teeth were evaluated by clearing technique. Collected teeth were cleaned and merged with 5.25% NaOCl for 48 hours. Then the teeth were decalcified with 5% nitric acid for 72 hours followed by dehydrated sequentially with 80-100% alcohol. After dehydration, Indian Ink was injected into the canal through the previously prepared access cavity. Finally the teeth were made transperent by 98% methylsalicylate and examined. Results: Out of 100 mandibular first premolar teeth, 89 were single rooted, 10 with double rooted and only 1 was triple. On evaluation of canal configuration according to Weine classification, mandibular first premolars had 64% type I, 5% type II, 22% type III and 9% type IV. Apical delta was found incase of 8% mandibular first premolar tooth. Conclusion: Based on this study, mandibular first premolar teeth of Bangladeshi population have multiple roots and canals and variable canal configurations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15481 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 03-07

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Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography to Identify the Morphology of Maxillary and Mandibular Premolars in Chennai Population

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2019.v22i1.1673 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. Process

Author(s):

Rajamohan Rajakeerthi ◽

Malli Suresh Babu Nivedhitha

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Root Canals ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Root Canal Anatomy ◽

Computed Tomography Scanning

Objective: The complex root canal anatomy is inherently colonised by microbial flora. Endodontic treatment success is always related to adequate disinfection of the root canal space, which ultimately affects the treatment outcome. A thorough understanding of the external and internal root canal anatomy by using adequately imaging modalities is essential before planning any treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the number and morphology of the root canals of maxillary and mandibular premolars in Chennai population. Material and Methods: Full-size cone-beam computed tomographic images were randomly collected from 100 patients, resulting in a total of 200 first and 200 second maxillary premolars as well as 200 first and 200 second mandibular premolars. All the eight premolars were analysed in single patients, who underwent cone-beam computed tomography scanning during pre-operative assessment (before implant surgery, orthodontic treatment, diagnosis of dental-alveolar trauma or difficult root canal treatment). Total number of roots and root canals, frequency and correlations between men and women were recorded and statistically analysed by using chi-square tests. The root canal configurations were rated according to the Vertucci’s classification. Results: In the maxillary first premolar group (n = 200), 36.3% had 1 root, 56.7% had 2 roots and 7.0% had 3 roots, with most exhibiting a type IV canal configuration. In the maxillary second premolar group (n = 200), 60% had 1 root, 29.8% had 2 roots and 10.2% had 3 roots, with the majority of single-rooted second premolars exhibiting a type I canal configuration. In the mandibular first premolar group (n = 200), 80.5% had 1 root, 9.8% had 2 roots and 5% had 3 roots. In the mandibular second premolar group (n=200), 90.1% had 1 root, 6.4% had 2 roots and 3.5 % had 3 roots, with most exhibiting a type I canal configuration. No statistical correlation was found between number of roots, gender and tooth position. Conclusion: This cone-beam computed tomographic study confirmed previous anatomical and morphological investigations. Therefore, the possibility of additional root canals should be considered when treating premolars. Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; Mandibular; Maxillary; Premolar; Root canal; Morphology.

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Study of Internal Morphology of Root-Canal Treated Single-Rooted Mandibular Second Molars in a Greek Population

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.2478/bjdm-2018-0025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 146-149

Author(s):

Maria-Elpida Kalaitzoglou ◽

Charalampos Beltes ◽

Eleni Kantilieraki ◽

Panagiotis Beltes

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Greek Population ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Type I ◽

Root Canals ◽

Single Root ◽

Type Iv ◽

Dental Clinics ◽

Internal Morphology ◽

Clinical Records

SummaryBackground/Aim: To determine the prevalence of single-rooted mandibular second molars in a Greek population and examine their internal morphology with the aid of intraoral periapical radiography.Material and Methods: Clinical records of 531 root-canal treated permanent single-rooted mandibular second molars were collected from the Postgraduate Clinic of the Department of Endodontology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece and from private dental clinics in the same city. The clinical records, along with the radiographic examination, were evaluated to determine the overall frequency of single-rooted mandibular second molars together with the number of root canals and their course. The root canals were categorized using Vertucci’s classification with the addition of 3 further types where appropriate.Results: Out of 531 mandibular second molars; 102 (19.2%) presented a single root; 427 (80.4%) presented two roots; 2 (0.4%) presented three roots. In a total of 102 single-rooted mandibular second molars 31 (30.3%) presented with Type I, 18 (17.6%) with Type II, 14 (13.7%) with Type IV, 7 (7%) with 3 additional root canal types and 32 (31.4%) with a C-shaped root canal system.Conclusions: One out five mandibular second molars was single-rooted in a Greek population. The internal morphology of these teeth can be very complex with regard to the numbers and courses of root canals.

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A short review on the root canal configuration of primary maxillary molars

Bioinformation ◽

10.6026/973206300161033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 1033-1036

Author(s):

Deepa Gurunathan ◽

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Short Review ◽

Type I ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Population Number ◽

Second Molar ◽

Root Canals ◽

Maxillary Molars ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Canal Morphology

It is of interest to compile available information on the root canal morphology of primary maxillary molars from known literature. The literature resources used to collect data include Medline/PubMed, The Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, SIGLE and Science Direct. Data consists of type of population, number of teeth per study, number of root canals, canal length and type of root canal configuration. We used data from a total of 13 studies (951 primary maxillary molars). Maxillary molars (1st and 2nd) are dominant for two roots variant. The first molar the mean root length ranges from 7.9mm – 8.1mm. The second molar ranges from 7.2mm-8.5mm. Type I (explain in a phrase) canal morphology is the common variant in both the molars. Data shows that Root Canal morphology shows variations with the diagnostic aid (example micro CT) used and in different ethnic populations.

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