scholarly journals Contraceptive nonuse among women in Uganda: a comparative assessment of predictors across regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Otim
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Index Number ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Contraceptive Usage

Abstract Background Contraceptive nonuse has diverse effects on women, such as unintended pregnancies and births that result in high fertility and poor maternal health outcomes. In Uganda, knowledge on contraceptive use is high, amidst undesirably high contraceptive nonuse and scarce literature on predictors of contraceptive nonuse across regions. This study assessed factors associated with contraceptive nonuse among women of reproductive age across regions in Uganda. Method This study used data from a cross-sectional 2016 Uganda demographic and heath survey that had 18,506 women of reproductive age. The relationship between contraceptive nonuse and socio-economic and demographic factors across regions were assessed using a binary multivariable logistic regression model. Results In Uganda, contraceptive nonuse is estimated at 40%. Northern region (55%) had the highest prevalence of contraceptive nonuse compared to Central region (35%) with the lowest. Across regions, wealth index, number of living children, educational level, and children born in the last 5 years prior to the demographic survey differently predicted contraceptive nonuse. Conversely, age, religion, age at first marriage, sexual autonomy, age at first birth, desire for children, listening to radio, and employment status were only predictors of contraceptive nonuse in particular regions amidst variations. Residence, perception of distance to health facility, watching television, and reading newspapers or magazines did not predict contraceptive nonuse. Conclusions The study findings propose the need to appreciate regional-variations in effect of contraceptive nonuse predictors and therefore, efforts should be directed towards addressing regional-variations so as to attain high contraceptive usage across regions, and thus reduce on unwanted pregnancies and births.

Decomposing the Effect of Women Educational Status on Fertility Across the Six Geo-political Zones in Nigeria: 2003-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tubosun Alex Olowolafe
Keyword(s):  
Educational Status ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Fertility Differentials

Abstract Background: High level of fertility has been consistently reported in Nigeria. Women education is often identified as one of the important factors that have contributed to reduction in fertility across countries. It is essential to identify the factors that explain the fertility variation in educational status and know the extent of association of these factors across the regions in Nigeria. Thus, this study aimed to examine the fertility differentials among uneducated and educated women in Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based design which involved secondary data analyses of the weighted sample of 2003 (n1=7620), 2008 (n2=33385), 2013 (n3=38948) and 2018 (n4=41821) Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data sets was used. Fertility was measured from information on the full births history of women aged 15-49 years. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was used to identify factors that explain fertility differentials among educated and not educate women (α=0.05).Result: Total fertility rate estimate was higher among uneducated women (6.7) than educated women (4.5) in 2018. The pattern was similar across the regions and survey periods. The mean children ever born among women aged 45-49 years was significantly higher among the uneducated than educated women in each of the survey year. Maternal age at first marriage, wealth index and age at first birth were contributory factors to the dissimilarities found in fertility between the educated and uneducated women. Risk difference (RD) of high fertility between uneducated-educated women was highest in South-East (RD=56.9; 95%CI=49.1-64.8) and least in North-East (RD=15.0; 95%CI=9.9-20.1).Conclusion: The fertility level in Nigeria was high but more prominent among the uneducated than educated. Improving the level of educational enrolment of women of reproductive age will facilitate reduction in the fertility rate in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of High Fertility Status among Women of Reproductive Age in Wonago District, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Medhin Girmay Reda ◽  
Girma Tenkolu Bune ◽  
Mohammed Feyisso Shaka
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Fertility Status

Background. High fertility remains one of the most important public health issues hampering the health and welfare of mothers and the survival of their children in developing nations. In Ethiopia, the high fertility rate has been seen for a long historical period with some pocket areas of high fertility still showing poor improvement. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the magnitude of high fertility status (number of children ever born alive≥5) and associated factors among women of the reproductive age group in Wonago district. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 512 women in Wonago district. Data were collected using a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then analyzed by SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data, and the adjusted odds ratio with the 95% confidence interval was computed, and a significant association was declared at p value ≤ 0.05. Result. This study revealed that 354 (69.1%) of the respondents have high fertility. High fertility is independently associated with residing in rural area [AOR=4.88, 95% CI: 3.21, 7.86], desire for children [AOR=6.97, 95% CI: 3.24, 11.40], history of under-five child mortality [AOR =5.32, 95% CI: 2.59, 8.43], poor knowledge of contraception [AOR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.66, 4.04], and low wealth tertile [AOR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.51, 3.58]. On the other hand, women with age at first birth above 18 years [AOR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.68] and those with birth interval≥24 months [AOR=0, 26, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.49] were less likely to have high fertility. Conclusion and Recommendation. The substantial number of women in the study area has high fertility status far away from the country’s costed implementation plan of reducing the total fertility rate to 3.0. Considering these, much is needed to be done among poor, rural residents, who have not yet attained their desired number of children, and on enhancing the knowledge of mothers towards contraceptive methods.

scholarly journals Predictors of Use of Contraception among Married Women of Reproductive Age in a Rural Area of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Tanuja Kumari Chaudhary ◽  
Bhwan Kumari Dangol ◽  
Lalita Rai ◽  
Mana Kumari Rai
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence

Background: Universal access to family planning is a human right, central to gender equality and women’s empowerment, and a key factor in reducing poverty. Use of contraception can prevent pregnancies related complication, helps in improving the health of mother and children and improve quality of life.Objective: to find out the predictors of use of contraception among married women of reproductive age (15-49 years).Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was adopted to find out the predictors of use of contraception among married women in Morang District. Cluster Random Sampling technique was used and sample size was 281. Data was collected by face to face interview technique by pretested questionnaire. Chisquare, bivariate, multivariable logistic regression model was used, and statistical significance was determined with a 95 % confidence level.Results: Mean age of the respondents was 29.52±5.64 years. Current contraceptive prevalence rate was 39.9%. The significant predictors associated with use of contraception were education status of husband (Adjusted Odd Ratio [AOR]=0.331, 95% CI= 0.144-0.759), being desire of children (AOR=2.564, 95%CI=1.060-6.198), spousal communication on contraception (AOR=5.120, 95%CI=2.460-10.656), husband approval on contraception (AOR=8.048, 95%CI=4.047-16.006), and prior use of contraception (AOR= 0.122, 95% CI=0.055-0.272). The common barriers of utilization of contraception were husband disapproval (57.4%) followed by fear of side effects (29.6%).Conclusion: Contraceptive prevalence rates were low. So, continued joint efforts are required to increase use of contraception to improve maternal and child health. It is recommended to involve male in family planning.Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2016, page: 89-99

scholarly journals Predictors of contraceptive discontinuation among postpartum women in Arusha region, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Mahande ◽  
Ryoko Sato ◽  
Caroline Amour ◽  
Rachel Manongi ◽  
Amina Farah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Lactational Amenorrhea ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation ◽  
Arusha Region

Abstract Background Postpartum contraceptive discontinuation refers to cessation of use following initiation after delivery within 1 year postpartum. Discontinuation of use has been associated with an increased unmet need for family planning that leads to high numbers of unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion or mistimed births. There is scant information about contraceptive discontinuation and its predictors among postpartum women in Tanzania. This study aimed to determine predictors of contraception discontinuation at 3, 6, 12 months postpartum among women of reproductive age in Arusha city and Meru district, Tanzania. Methods This was an analytical cross-sectional study which was conducted in two district of Arusha region (Arusha city and Meru district respectively). A multistage sampling technique was used to select 13 streets of the 3 wards in Arusha City and 2 wards in Meru District. A total of 474 women of reproductive age (WRAs) aged 16–44 years residing in the study areas were included in this analysis. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 15. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the factors associated with contraceptives discontinuation (at 3, 6 and 12 moths) were estimated in a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Overall, discontinuation rate for all methods at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum was 11, 19 and 29% respectively. It was higher at 12 months for Lactational amenorrhea, male condoms and injectables (76, 50.5 and 36%, respectively). Women aged 40–44 years had lower odds of contraceptive discontinuation at 3 months as compare to those aged 16 to 19 years. Implants and pills users had also lower odds of contraceptive discontinuation compared to injectable users at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. Conclusion Lactational amenorrhea, male condoms and injectables users had the highest rates of discontinuation. Women’s age and type of method discontinued were independently associated with postpartum contraceptive discontinuation. Addressing barriers to continue contraceptive use amongst younger women and knowledge on method attributes, including possible side-effects and how to manage complications is warranted.

scholarly journals A SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF PERCEPTIONS AND PATTERNS OF CONTRACEPTIVE (MANAE-HAMAL TADABEER) USAGE AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN WESTERN MAHARASHTRA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeela Ansari ◽  
Farha Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contraceptive Usage

Background:Although all parts of the world have seen a huge increase in contraceptive usage, at least 200 million women still currently lack access to modern contraceptives(Manae-hamaltadabeer). Today about 53.4% eligible couples are still unprotected against conception. Successful fertility control leads to many social and economic advantages for women from educational attainment, personal autonomy to relationship stability and satisfaction. Material and Method:A cross-sectional study was carried out from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019 to analyse the awareness, perceptions and various patterns of contraceptives usage among 1000 women of reproductive age in western Maharashtra. Observation and Result:Data were collected from 1000 women participants. 266 (26.6%) belong to the age group of 25-29 years of age and Mean age of women was 32.78 years with SD + 7.58 yrs. 100% Awareness was observed whilemajority of 622 (62.2%) use contraceptive methods. About 226 (22.6%) preferred Condom.There was a significant association between age 2 2 2 (X =49.37, p=0.0001), educational status (X =439.46, p=0.0001),Socio Economic Status (X =72.1311, P=0.000),family 2 2 Type (X =14.44, p=0.001) and Parity (X =55.79, p=0.00001) with the knowledge scores.There was significant association 2 2 between preference of contraceptive methods scores and the age (X =104.32, p=0.000), Education (X =99.97, p=0.000), SES 2 2 (X =77.953, p=0.000) and parity (X =65.50, p=0.000). Conclusion:Despite 100% awareness and favourable attitude, significant number of reproductive age women did not use contraceptive methods due to various reasons. This study shows the association between socio-demographic variables and family planning acceptance ratio.

scholarly journals Correlates of mistime pregnancy and unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in Sandema, Ghana.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Junior Dun-Dery ◽  
Elijah Yendaw ◽  
Frederick Dun-Dery ◽  
Lawrence Bagrmwin
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Care Decisions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Mistimed Pregnancy ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies

Abstract Background: Universally, an estimated 80 million unintended pregnancies comprising both mistimed and unwanted pregnancies are recorded yearly, but only half of women at risk of a mistimed pregnancy use contraceptives. In developing countries, over 100 million females have unmet need and national surveys in Ghana indicate a 29% unmet need rate. Methods: A cross-sectional community based study was used, involving the use of multi-step cluster sampling methods in selecting 300 women of reproductive age. The study was quantitative in nature, using structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Results: More than half (66%) of the women in reproductive age still had unmet need, 71% were currently pregnant and 36% confirmed ever having a mistimed pregnancy. Overall, 53% of the women confirmed never communicating on family planning issues with their partners, a little below half (45%) of the respondents took their own health care decisions and 79% ever received family planning services from a health professional. Factors related to unmet need included mistimed pregnancy, level of education, preferred birth/pregnancy interval, communication between partners and the autonomy to spend self-earnings. Conclusion: Considering that high rates of unmet need results in mistimed pregnancy, improved policies around the influence of unmet need on mistimed pregnancies are needed.

scholarly journals Predictors of Contraceptive Discontinuation among Postpartum Women in Arusha Region, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Johnson Mahande ◽  
Ryoko Sato ◽  
Caroline Amour ◽  
Rachel Manongi ◽  
Amina Farah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Lactational Amenorrhea ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation ◽  
Arusha Region

Abstract BackgroundPostpartum contraceptive discontinuation refers to cessation of use following initiation after delivery within one year postpartum. Discontinuation of use has been associated with an increased unmet need for family planning that leads to high numbers of unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion or mistimed births. There is scant information about contraceptive discontinuation and its predictors among postpartum women in Tanzania. This study aimed to determine predictors of contraception discontinuation at 3, 6, 12 months postpartum among women of reproductive age in Arusha city and Meru district, Tanzania.MethodsThis was an analytical cross-sectional study which was conducted in two district of Arusha region (Arusha city and Meru district respectively). A multistage sampling technique was used to select 13 streets of the 3 wards in Arusha City and 2 wards in Meru District. A total of 474 women of reproductive age (WRAs) aged 16-44 years residing in the study areas were included in this analysis. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 15. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the factors associated with contraceptives discontinuation (at 3, 6 and 12 moths) were estimated in a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsOverall, discontinuation rate for all methods at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum was 11%, 19% and 29% respectively. It was higher at 12 months for Lactational amenorrhea, male condoms and injectables (76%, 50.5% and 36%, respectively). Women aged 40-44 years had lower odds of contraceptive discontinuation at 3 months as compare to those aged 16 to 19 years. Implants and pills users had also lower odds of contraceptive discontinuation compared to injectable users at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively.ConclusionLactational amenorrhea, male condoms and injectables users had the highest rates of discontinuation. Women’s age and type of method discontinued were independently associated with postpartum contraceptive discontinuation. Addressing barriers to continue contraceptive use amongst younger women and knowledge on method attributes, including possible side-effects and how to manage complications is warranted.

Patterns and correlates of ownership and utilization of insecticide-treated bed-nets for malaria control among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Malawi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
James Forty ◽  
Mpho Keetile
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malaria Indicator Survey ◽  
Poor Women

Abstract Malaria is a major public health concern in Malawi. This study explored the patterns and correlates of ownership and utilization of ITNs for malaria control among women of reproductive age in Malawi. Data were derived from the multi-stage cross-sectional Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) conducted in 2017, which followed ITN distribution in 2012 and 2015. Of the 3860 sampled women aged 15–49 years, 88% (3398/3860) and 64% (2473/3860) reported that they owned and utilized ITNs, respectively. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of ownership of ITNs were significantly low among women with no education (AOR = 0.36, CI = 0.18–0.72), those with primary education (AOR = 0.50, CI = 0.27–0.94) and poor women (AOR = 0.70, CI = 0.51–0.97). Similarly, the odds of utilization of ITNs were significantly low among women with no education, (AOR = 0.40, CI = 0.26–0.63), primary education (AOR = 0.53, CI = 0.36–0.78) and poor women (AOR = 0.70, CI = 0.51–0.97). Furthermore, the odds of utilization of ITNs were significantly low among women living in households without a radio (AOR = 0.79, CI = 0.67–0.93) and those who have not seen or heard a malaria message in the last 6 months (AOR = 0.74, CI = 0.64–0.87). In order to prevent malaria morbidity and mortality among women of reproductive age, especially those from poor households, the Malawi government and relevant stakeholders need to continue the free distribution of ITNs to the poor and encourage social behaviours that promote the ownership and utilization of ITNs.

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