scholarly journals Preliminary analysis of whether mosquitoes can carry and transmit African swine fever

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyun Qin ◽  
Zhongcheng Gao ◽  
Shenglong Wu ◽  
Wenbin Bao
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Negative Cycle ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Mosquitoes are important insect vectors, but whether they can carry and transmit African swine fever virus (ASFV) in large-scale pig farms in China is unknown. Results In this study, probe-based qPCR analysis was performed on mosquitoes from five pig farms with ASF virus (ASFV). Analysis of ASFV in 463 mosquitoes yielded negative cycle threshold (CT) value), and detection remained negative after mixing samples from all five pig farms. Conclusions Therefore, mosquitoes appear unlikely to transmit ASFV, and pose little threat to large-scale pig farms. Thus, farms should continue to follow normal mosquito control procedures when formulating strategies for the prevention and control of ASF.

scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of African Swine Fever Virus Carriage and Transmission by Mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyun Qin ◽  
Zhongcheng Gao ◽  
Shenglong Wu ◽  
Wenbin Bao
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Negative Cycle ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
And Control

Abstract BackgroundMosquitoes are important insect vectors, but whether they can carry and transmit African swine fever virus (ASFV) in large-scale pig farms in China is unknown. ResultsIn this study, probe qPCR analysis was performed on mosquitoes from five pig farms with ASF virus (ASFV). Analysis of ASFV in 463 mosquitoes yielded negative cycle threshold (CT) value), and detection remained negative after mixing samples from all five pig farms. ConclusionsTherefore, mosquitoes appear unlikely to transmit ASFV, and pose little threat to large-scale pig farms. Thus, farms should continue to follow normal mosquito control procedures when formulating strategies for the prevention and control of ASF.

Modeling the outbreak and control of African swine fever virus in large-scale pig farms

2021 ◽  
pp. 110798
Author(s):  
Xianghong Zhang ◽  
Xinmiao Rong ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Meng Fan ◽  
Youming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Arthropods as potential vectors of African swine fever virus outbreaks in pig farms in the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hachung Yoon ◽  
Seong‐Keun Hong ◽  
Ilseob Lee ◽  
Deuk‐Soo Choi ◽  
Jong‐Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of duplex TaqMan real-time PCR assay for detection and differentiation of wide-type and MGF505-2R gene-deleted African swine fever viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zhenhua Guo ◽  
Kunpeng Li ◽  
Songlin Qiao ◽  
Xinxin Chen ◽  
Ruiguang Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: African swine fever (ASF) is the most important disease to the pigs and cause serious economic losses to the countries with large-scale swine production. Vaccines are recognized as the most useful tool to prevent and control ASF virus (ASFV) infection. Currently, the MGF505 and MGF360 gene-deleted ASFVs or combined with CD2v deletion were confirmed to be the most promising vaccine candidates. Thus, it is essential to develop a diagnosis method to discriminate wide-type strain from the vaccines used.Results: In this study, we established a duplex TaqMan real-time PCR based on the B646L gene and MGF505-2R gene. The sequence alignment showed that the targeted regions of primers and probes are highly conserved in the genotype II ASFVs. The duplex real-time assay can specifically detect B646L and MGF505-2R gene single or simultaneously without cross-reaction with other porcine viruses tested. The limit of detection was 5.8 copies and 3.0 copies for the standard plasmids containing B646L and MGF505-2R genes, respectively. Clinical samples were tested in parallel by duplex real-time PCR and a commercial ASFV detection kit. The detection results of these two assays against B646L gene were well consistent.Conclusion: We successfully developed and evaluated a duplex TaqMan real-time PCR method which can effectively distinguish the wide type and MGF505 gene-deleted ASFVs. It would be a useful tool for the clinical diagnosis and control of ASF.

The contribution of insects to African swine fever virus dispersal: data from domestic pig farms in Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Turčinavičienė ◽  
A. Petrašiūnas ◽  
R. Bernotienė ◽  
M. Masiulis ◽  
V. Jonušaitis
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Pig Farms

DNA segments of African Swine Fever Virus detected for the first time in hard ticks from sheep and bovines

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Chen ◽  
Xiaofeng Xu ◽  
Yufeng Wang ◽  
Jinlong Bei ◽  
Xiufeng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Hard Ticks ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

In this study, we detected African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in Dermacentor (Ixodidae) from sheep and bovines using small RNA sequencing. To validate this result, a 235-bp DNA segment was detected in a number of DNA samples from D. silvarum and sheep blood. This 235-bp segment had an identity of 99% to a 235-bp DNA segment of ASFV and contained three single nucleotide mutations (C38T, C76T and A108C). C38T, resulting in a single amino acid mutation G66D, suggests the existence of a new ASFV strain, which is different from all reported ASFV strains in the NCBI GenBank database and the ASFV strain (GenBank: MH713612.1) reported in China in 2018. To further confirm the existence of ASFV in Dermacentor ticks, three DNA segments of ASFV were detected in D. niveus females from bovines and their first generation ticks reared in our lab. These results also proved that transovarian transmission of ASFV occurs in hard ticks. This study revealed for the first time that ASFV has a wider range of hosts (e.g. sheep and bovines) and vectors (e.g. hard ticks), beyond the well-known Suidae family and Argasidae (soft ticks). Our findings pave the way toward further studies on ASFV transmission and the development of prevention and control measures.

Crowdsourcing for large-scale mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) sampling

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin C. Maki ◽  
Lee W. Cohnstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
And Control

AbstractSampling a cosmopolitan mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species throughout its range is logistically challenging and extremely resource intensive. Mosquito control programmes and regional networks operate at the local level and often conduct sampling activities across much of North America. A method for large-scale sampling of two mosquito species using crowdsourcing to network with these local and regional programmes is described. A total of 961 mosquito vector and control districts, health departments, and individual collectors across the United States of America and Canada were contacted in 2011 and 2012 of which 9% positively responded by sending mosquitoes. In total, 1101 unique population samples of Aedes vexans (Meigen) and Culex tarsalis Coquillett were collected throughout their range in these two countries. Aedes vexans outgroup samples were also submitted from Europe and Asia. This is the largest crowd-sourced collection of samples to date.

scholarly journals Arthropods as potential vectors of African swine fever virus outbreaks on pig farms in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hachung Yoon ◽  
Seong-Keun Hong ◽  
Ilseob Lee ◽  
Eune-Seob Lee
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Republic

The seasonality of African swine fever (ASF), with cases concentrated over the summer in Europe, in addition to outbreaks on farms with high levels of biosecurity, suggest that ASF virus (ASFV) may be transmitted by arthropod vectors. In this study, arthropods were collected from Korean pig farms with ASF outbreaks to determine the role of arthropods as a potential vector of ASFV. Arthropods were collected from 14 farms with ASF outbreaks, from September 27 to October 31, 2019. A total of 28,729 arthropods, including 28,508 (99.2%) Diptera, were collected using blacklight traps, insect nets, and yellow sticky strips. All arthropods samples were negative for ASFV genomic DNA according to laboratory tests using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nevertheless, it is premature to conclude that arthropods do not play any role in ASFV transmission.

scholarly journals African swine fever virus – the possible role of flies and other insects in virus transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Fila ◽  
Grzegorz Woźniakowski
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
And Control

AbstractAfrican swine fever (ASF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease of pigs and wild boars. It presents a serious threat to pig production worldwide, and since 2007, ASF outbreaks have been recorded in the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, and the Baltic States. In 2014, the disease was detected in Poland. ASF is on the list of notifiable diseases of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Due to the lack of an available vaccine and treatment, the countermeasures against the disease consist in early detection of the virus in the pig population and control of its spread through the elimination of herds affected by disease outbreaks. Knowledge of the potential vectors of the virus and its persistence in the environment is crucial to prevent further disease spread and to understand the new epidemiology for how it compares to the previous experience in Spain gathered in the 1970s and 1980s.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of the Transmission Route for the African Swine Fever Virus in Mainland China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Hong Hu ◽  
Xin Pei ◽  
Gui-Quan Sun ◽  
Zhen Jin
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Python Language ◽  
And Control

African swine fever first broke out in mainland China in August 2018 and has caused a substantial loss to China’s pig industry. Numerous investigations have confirmed that trades and movements of infected pigs and pork products, feeding pigs with contaminative swills, employees, and vehicles carrying the virus are the main transmission routes of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in mainland China. However, which transmission route is more risky and what is the specific transmission map are still not clear enough. In this study, we crawl the data related to pig farms and slaughterhouses from Baidu Map by writing the Python language and then construct the pig transport network. Following this, we establish an ASFV transmission model over the network based on probabilistic discrete-time Markov chains. Furthermore, we propose spatiotemporal backward detection and forward transmission algorithms in semi-directed weighted networks. Through the simulation and calculation, the risk of transmission routes is analyzed, and the results reveal that the infection risk for employees and vehicles with the virus is the highest, followed by contaminative swills, and the transportation of pigs and pork products is the lowest; the most likely transmission map is deduced, and it is found that ASFV spreads from northeast China to southwest China and then to west; in addition, the infection risk in each province at different times is assessed, which can provide effective suggestions for the prevention and control of ASFV.

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