Changes of adenosine deaminase activity in serum and saliva around parturition in sows with and without postpartum dysgalactia syndrome

Abstract Background Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) is associated with a significantly higher activation of the inflammatory and stress response at parturition than in the healthy sow. Therefore, reliable and possibly non-invasive biomarkers for substantial increases of inflammation are searched to support the PDS diagnosis. This report studies the possible changes of the inflammatory marker enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) in serum and saliva of 38 PDS positive sows (PDS+) and 38 healthy sows (PDS-). Sampling was performed every 24 h from 60 h before to 36 h after parturition. Isoenzyme 1 (ADA1) and isoenzyme 2 (ADA2), as well as total ADA (tADA), were measured and their statistical association with several serum and saliva biomarkers of inflammation and stress was investigated. Results Compared to a baseline (60 to 36h prepartum), salivary activities of ADA1, ADA2 and tADA increased significantly over time in both PDS+ and PDS- sows, reaching their peaks after parturition. In serum from PDS- sows, no changes were observed over time in either ADA1, ADA2 or tADA. In PDS+ sows, serum ADA2 activity decreased temporarily after parturition followed by a significant increase compared to baseline. ADA1, ADA2 and tADA were all significantly associated with several inflammatory biomarkers and ADA1 in serum was associated with serum cortisol. Although serum activity was higher in PDS+ than in PDS- sows, the differences were not statistically significant. Further, no difference was noted between the groups in the analyses of saliva. Conclusions Salivary ADA1 and ADA2 increased in all sows after parturition, potentially as a response to the postpartum inflammation. However, no difference in the activity of ADA1, ADA2 and tADA were found between PDS+ and PDS- sows indicating inability to diagnose PDS under the conditions described in this report.

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Changes of Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Serum and Saliva around Parturition in Sows with and without Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-257395/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marianne Kaiser ◽

Jan Dahl ◽

Stine Jacobsen ◽

Magdalena Jacobson ◽

Pia Haubro Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Marker Enzyme ◽

Statistical Association ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Adenosine Deaminase Activity ◽

Over Time

Abstract BackgroundPostpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) is associated with a significantly higher activation of the inflammatory and stress response at parturition than in the healthy sow. Therefore, reliable and possibly non-invasive biomarkers for substantial increases of inflammation are searched to support the PDS diagnosis. This report studies the possible changes of the inflammatory marker enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) in serum and saliva of 38 PDS positive sows (PDS+) and 38 healthy sows (PDS÷). Sampling was performed every 24 h from 60 h before to 36 h after parturition. Isoenzyme 1 (ADA1) and isoenzyme 2 (ADA2), as well as total ADA (tADA) were measured and their statistical association with several serum and saliva biomarkers of inflammation and stress was investigated.ResultsCompared to a baseline (60 h to 36 prepartum), salivary activities of ADA1, ADA2 and tADA increased significantly over time in both PDS+ and PDS÷ sows, reaching their peaks after parturition. In serum from PDS÷ sows, no changes were observed over time in either ADA1, ADA2 or tADA. In PDS+ sows, serum ADA2 activity decreased temporarily after parturition followed by a significant increase compared to baseline. ADA1, ADA2 and tADA were all significantly associated with several inflammatory biomarkers and ADA1 in serum was associated with serum cortisol. Although serum activity was higher in PDS+ than in PDS÷ sows, the differences were not statistically significant. Further, no difference was noted between the groups in the analyses of saliva. Conclusions Salivary ADA1 and ADA2 increased in all sows after parturition, potentially as a response to the postpartum inflammation. However, no difference in the activity of ADA1, ADA2 and tADA were found between PDS+ and PDS÷ sows indicating inability to diagnose PDS under the conditions described in this report.

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Easy and non-invasive disease detection in pigs by adenosine deaminase activity determinations in saliva

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0179299 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. e0179299 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ana María Gutiérrez ◽

Ernesto De La Cruz-Sánchez ◽

Ana Montes ◽

Juan Sotillo ◽

Cándido Gutiérrez-Panizo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

Disease Detection ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Adenosine Deaminase Activity

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Discovery of an adenosine deaminase activity in the preparates of human IgG3

Immunology Letters ◽

10.1016/s0165-2478(97)88469-6 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 56 (1-3) ◽

pp. 403

Author(s):

A Zavialov

Keyword(s):

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Adenosine Deaminase Activity

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Platelet Function in Surgical Stress

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660146 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (04) ◽

pp. 849-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

O Naesh ◽

J T Friis ◽

I Hindberg ◽

K Winther

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Surgical Stress ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Pulmonary Dysfunction ◽

Arterial Po2 ◽

Elective Cholecystectomy ◽

Serum Cortisol Concentration

SummaryTen patients for elective cholecystectomy were studied pre-, per- and postoperatively. All had neurolept anesthesia. Plasma concentrations of β-TG, TXB2 and 5-HT and intraplatelet 5-HT were measured. Aggregation to ADP was recorded.Serum cortisol concentration was used as index of the stress response, showing peroperative increase and postoperative decrease. Closely related to this we observed a significant increase in P-β-TG and P-TXB2 with postoperative normalization in 6 patients without complications. P-5-HT had a peak peropera-tively and remained elevated postoperatively. A negative correlation between P--5-HT and decreasing intraplatelet 5-HT postoperatively was observed.High postoperative levels of P--5-HT seem to be related to low arterial Po2 and pulmonary dysfunction. In 3 patients with complications a second increase in P-β-TG, P-TXB2 and partly in P--5-HT was found. Platelets were temporarily refractory to ADP immediately following surgery and showed increased aggregabil-ity postoperatively. We conclude that platelets are activated in surgical stress.

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P34 Characteristics, diagnosis and management of Cushing’s disease - A systematic review and meta-analysis

BJS Open ◽

10.1093/bjsopen/zrab032.033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chan Hee Koh ◽

Danyal Z Khan ◽

Ronneil Digpal ◽

Hugo Layard Horsfall ◽

Hani J Marcus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Cushing’S Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

A Priori ◽

Pituitary Surgery ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Cushing's Disease ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Over Time

Abstract Introduction The clinical practice and research in the diagnosis and management of Cushing’s disease remains heterogeneous and challenging to this day. We sought to establish the characteristics of Cushing’s disease, and the trends in diagnosis, management and reporting in this field. Methods Searches of PubMed and Embase were conducted. Study protocol was registered a-priori. Random-effects analyses were conducted to establish numerical estimates. Results Our screening returned 159 papers. The average age of adult patients with Cushing’s disease was 39.3, and 13.6 for children. The male:female ratio was 1:3. 8% of patients had undergone previous transsphenoidal resection. The ratio of macroadenomas: microadenomas:imaging-undetectable adenomas was 18:53:29. The most commonly reported preoperative biochemical investigations were serum cortisol (average 26.4µg/dL) and ACTH (77.5pg/dL). Postoperative cortisol was most frequently used to define remission (74.8%), most commonly with threshold of 5µg/dL (44.8%). Average remission rates were 77.8% with recurrence rate of 13.9%. Median follow-up was 38 months. Majority of papers reported age (81.9%) and sex (79.4%). Only 56.6% reported whether their patients had previous pituitary surgery. 45.3% reported whether their adenomas were macroadenoma, microadenoma or undetectable. Only 24.1% reported preoperative cortisol, and this did not improve over time. 60.4% reported numerical thresholds for cortisol in defining remission, and this improved significantly over time (p = 0.004). Visual inspection of bubbleplots showed increasing preference for threshold of 5µg/dL. 70.4% reported the length of follow up. Conclusion We quantified the characteristics of Cushing’s disease, and analysed the trends in investigation and reporting. This review may help to inform future efforts in forming guidelines for research and clinical practice.

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Prevalence and Photobiology of Photosynthetic Dinoflagellate Endosymbionts in the Nudibranch Berghia stephanieae

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2200

Author(s):

Ruben X. G. Silva ◽

Paulo Cartaxana ◽

Ricardo Calado

Keyword(s):

Food Deprivation ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Rapid Decrease ◽

Complete Loss ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Sea Slugs ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Over Time

Berghia stephanieae is a stenophagous sea slug that preys upon glass anemones, such as Exaiptasia diaphana. Glass anemones host photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts that sea slugs ingest when consuming E. diaphana. However, the prevalence of these photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts in sea slugs appears to be short-lived, particularly if B.stephanieae is deprived of prey that host these microalgae (e.g., during bleaching events impacting glass anemones). In the present study, we investigated this scenario, along with food deprivation, and validated the use of a non-invasive and non-destructive approach employing chlorophyll fluorescence as a proxy to monitor the persistence of the association between sea slugs and endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates acquired through the consumption of glass anemones. Berghia stephanieae deprived of a trophic source hosting photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts (e.g., through food deprivation or by feeding on bleached E. diaphana) showed a rapid decrease in minimum fluorescence (Fo) and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) when compared to sea slugs fed with symbiotic anemones. A complete loss of endosymbionts was observed within 8 days, confirming that no true symbiotic association was established. The present work opens a new window of opportunity to rapidly monitor in vivo and over time the prevalence of associations between sea slugs and photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts, particularly during bleaching events that prevent sea slugs from incorporating new microalgae through trophic interactions.

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Adenosine deaminase activity in rheumatoid pleural effusion.

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/ard.47.5.394 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 394-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

I Ocana ◽

E Ribera ◽

J M Martinez-Vazquez ◽

I Ruiz ◽

E Bejarano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pleural Effusion ◽

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Adenosine Deaminase Activity

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Analytical validation of an automated assay for the measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and a pilot evaluation of their changes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2021-0324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Lorena Franco-Martínez ◽

Fernando Tecles ◽

Alberto Torres-Cantero ◽

Enrique Bernal ◽

Indra San Lázaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Analytical Validation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Chemical Inactivation ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Automated Assay ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Recovery Percentage ◽

Triton X ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study was to validate a commercially available automated assay for the measurement of total adenosine deaminase (tADA) and its isoenzymes (ADA1 and ADA2) in saliva in a fast and accurate way, and evaluate the possible changes of these analytes in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods The validation, in addition to the evaluation of precision and accuracy, included the analysis of the effects of the main procedures that are currently being used for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in saliva and a pilot study to evaluate the possible changes in salivary tADA and isoenzymes in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Results The automated assay proved to be accurate and precise, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 8.2%, linearity under dilution linear regression with R2 close to 1, and recovery percentage between 80 and 120% in all cases. This assay was affected when the sample is treated with heat or SDS for virus inactivation but tolerated Triton X-100 and NP-40. Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=71) and who recovered from infection (n=11) had higher mean values of activity of tADA and its isoenzymes than healthy individuals (n=35). Conclusions tADA and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 can be measured accurately and precisely in saliva samples in a rapid, economical, and reproducible way and can be analyzed after chemical inactivation with Triton X-100 and NP-40. Besides, the changes observed in tADA and isoenzymes in individuals with COVID-19 open the possibility of their potential use as non-invasive biomarkers in this disease.

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