Surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D, in respiratory fungal infections: their role in the inflammatory response

ABSTRACTSurfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and -D) play a role in many acute bacterial, viral, and fungal infections and in acute allergic responses.In vitro, human SPs bindMycobacterium tuberculosisand alter human and rat macrophage-mediated functions. Here we report the roles of SP-A and SP-D inM. tuberculosisinfection following aerosol challenge of SP-A-, SP-D-, and SP-A/-D-deficient mice. These studies surprisingly identified no gross defects in uptake or immune control ofM. tuberculosisin SP-A-, SP-D-, and SP-A/-D-deficient mice. While both SP-A- and SP-D-deficient mice exhibited evidence of immunopathologic defects, the CD11bhighCD11chighdendritic cell populations and the gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-dependent CD4+T cell response toM. tuberculosiswere unaltered in all genotypes tested. Together, these data indicate that SP-A and SP-D are dispensable for immune control ofM. tuberculosisin a low-dose, aerosol challenge, murine model of tuberculosis (TB).

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167 THE ROLE OF SURFACTANT PROTEINS A AND D IN THE PULMONARY INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL AIR POLLUTANTS.

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-167 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. S108.2-S108

Author(s):

M. N. Sankar ◽

R. K. Matias ◽

K. E. Pinkerton ◽

F. R. Poulain

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Surfactant Proteins ◽

Pulmonary Inflammatory Response ◽

Environmental Air

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Equine endometritis: a review of challenges and new approaches

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-19-0478 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 160 (5) ◽

pp. R95-R110

Author(s):

Lee H A Morris ◽

P M McCue ◽

Christine Aurich

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Latent Infections ◽

New Approaches ◽

Targeted Treatments ◽

Successful Resolution

Endometritis in the mare begins as a normal physiological inflammatory response to breeding that involves both a mechanical and immunological response pathway activated to rid the uterus of semen and bacteria. With successful resolution of this inflammation, the mare‘s uterus will provide a hospitable environment for the development of the semi-allogenic conceptus. If the mare fails to resolve this inflammatory response within 48 h of breeding, she will become susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) which will have detrimental effects on her fertility. This condition can then predispose the mare to bacterial or fungal endometritis leading to further degeneration of the endometrium. Optimisation of the mare’s fertility requires a fine balance between allowing the natural immune response of the endometrium to its exposure to allogenic semen to run its course, and yet preventing its progression to PBIE or the involvement of infectious agents. This review discusses the challenges presented by PBIE, latent infections, biofilms, fungal infections and the need to utilise diagnostic methods available and implement targeted treatments to optimise fertility in the mare.

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THE ROLE OF SURFACTANT PROTEINS A AND D IN THE PULMONARY INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL AIR POLLUTANTS.

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1097/00042871-200401001-00167 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. S108

Author(s):

M. N. Sankar ◽

R. K. Matias ◽

K. E. Pinkerton ◽

F. R. Poulain

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Surfactant Proteins ◽

Pulmonary Inflammatory Response ◽

Environmental Air

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ADAMTS13 Regulates Neutrophil Recruitment in a Mouse Model of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v124.21.4109.4109 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 124 (21) ◽

pp. 4109-4109

Author(s):

Markus Radsak ◽

Steve Prüfer ◽

Katharina Ebner ◽

Michael Weber ◽

Sebastian Reuter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽

Formyl Peptide Receptor ◽

Wild Type ◽

Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Abstract Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is secreted as an acute phase protein during inflammation. The main mechanism regulating the size and prothrombotic activity of VWF is the specific proteolytic activity of ADAMTS-13. To determine the relevance of this regulatory pathway for the innate inflammatory response by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), we employed a mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) where PMN functionality is crucial for fungal clearance and survival. IPA was induced by intratracheal application of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in wild-type (129/Sv/Pas) or Adamts13 deficient (Adamts13-/-) mice. After PMN depletion using a anti-Gr-1 specific antibody, all mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia developed neutropenia and succumbed due to lethal IPA. In contrast, all undepleted wild-type mice survived the infection. Interestingly, Aspergillus fumigatus infection in Adamts13-/- mice was lethal in 20% of the animals displaying a more severe course of IPA, as indicated by an increased fungal burden in lung homogenates along with increased levels of albumin and the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, KC and MCP-1 in the bronchio-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared to wild-type controls. Beyond this, we observed a decreased number of PMN in BALF of infected Adamts13-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Lung histology sections demonstrated a more pronounced perivascular leukocyte infiltration in further support of a dysregulated inflammatory response in Adamts13-/- mice. Importantly, we observed no general defect in the activation of neutrophil effector functions as demonstrated by the normal induction of the oxidative burst, phagocytosis, degranulation, L-selectin shedding and apoptosis in response to formyl-peptide receptor agonists or exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia or hyphae in vitro. Therefore, we conclude that the proteolytic regulation of VWF by ADAMTS-13 in an important mechanism to control PMN recruitment in the regulation of the innate inflammatory response in invasive fungal infections. Disclosures Radsak: Celgene: Research Funding.

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Superficial and subcutaneous mycoses

Microbiologia Medica ◽

10.4081/mm.2020.9156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gianluigi Lombardi ◽

Giuliana Lo Cascio ◽

Stefano Andreoni ◽

Elisabetta Blasi ◽

Marco Conte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Horny Layer ◽

Strong Immune Response ◽

Superficial Mycoses ◽

Superficial Skin ◽

Subcutaneous Mycoses

Tegument mycoses are classified into three groups: 1) Superficial skin mycoses or superficial mycoses: infections sustained by fungi limited to the skin horny layer or the hair extrafollicular portion, without a significant inflammatory response in the host. 2) Skin mycoses (dermatophytosis) sensu stricto: fungal infections in which skin and its annexes, at the level of the keratinized layers, are involved with an evident immune response by the host 3) Mycosis of the subcutaneous tissue: fungal infections that mainly affect the subcutaneous tissue and secondarily, by contiguity, skin, bones and other tissues, with a strong immune response by the host [...].

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