scholarly journals Characterizing environmental geographic inequalities using an integrated exposure assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien CAUDEVILLE ◽  
Corentin REGRAIN ◽  
Frederic TOGNET ◽  
Roseline BONNARD ◽  
Mohammed GUEDDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Remedial Actions

Abstract Background At a regional or continental scale, the characterization of environmental health inequities (EHI) expresses the idea that populations are not equal in the face of pollution. It implies an analysis be conducted in order to identify and manage the areas at risk of overexposure where an increasing risk to human health is suspected. The development of methods is a prerequisite for implementing public health activities aimed at protecting populations. Methods This paper presents the methodological framework developed by INERIS (French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks) to identify a common framework for a structured and operationalized assessment of human exposure. An integrated exposure assessment approach has been developed to integrate the multiplicity of exposure pathways from various sources, through a series of models enabling the final exposure of a population to be defined. Results Measured data from environmental networks reflecting the actual contamination of the environment are used to gauge the population’s exposure. Sophisticated methods of spatial analysis are applied to include additional information and take benefit of spatial and inter-variable correlation to improve data representativeness and characterize the associated uncertainty. Integrated approaches bring together all the information available for assessing the source-to-human-dose continuum using a Geographic Information System, multimedia exposure and toxicokinetic model. Discussion One of the objectives of the integrated approach was to demonstrate the feasibility of building complex realistic exposure scenarios satisfying the needs of stakeholders and the accuracy of the modelling predictions at a fine spatial-temporal resolution. A case study is presented to provide a specific application of the proposed framework and how the results could be used to identify an overexposed population. Conclusion This framework could be used for many purposes, such as mapping EHI, identifying vulnerable populations and providing determinants of exposure to manage and plan remedial actions and to assess the spatial relationships between health and the environment to identify factors that influence the variability of disease patterns.

scholarly journals Characterizing Environmental Inequalities Using Integrated Exposure Assessment and Spatial Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Caudeville ◽  
Corentin REGRAIN ◽  
Frederic TOGNET ◽  
Roseline BONNARD ◽  
Mohammed GUEDDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Remedial Actions

Abstract BackgroundAt a regional or continental scale, the characterization of environmental health inequalities (EHI) expresses the idea that populations are not equal in the face of pollution. It implies the analysis in order to identifying and managing areas at risk of overexposure where increasing risk to human health is suspected. The development of methods is a prerequisite for the implementation of public health actions aimed at the protection of populations.MethodsThis paper presents the methodological framework developed by INERIS (French national institute for industrial environment and risks) to identify a common framework for conceptualizing and operationalizing environmental exposures as an important step towards articulating a science of EHI. We develop an integrated exposure assessment approach capable to integrate the multiplicity of exposure pathways from various sources, through a series of models up to the internal exposure.ResultsMeasured data from environmental networks reflecting the actual contamination of the environment are reused to characterize the population's exposure. Sophisticated methods of spatial analysis are applied to include additional information and take benefit from spatial and inter-variable correlation to improve data representativeness and characterize associated uncertainty. Integrated approaches bring together all information necessary for assessing the source-to-human-dose continuum using Geographic Information System, multimedia exposure and toxicokinetic model. ConclusionThis framework could be used for many purposes, such as mapping EHI, identifying vulnerable populations and determinants of exposure to manage and plan remedial actions and assessing spatial relationships between health and environmental to identify factors that influence the variability of disease patterns.

Exposure assessment approach through mycotoxin/creatinine ratio evaluation in urine by GC–MS/MS

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco ◽  
Juan Carlos Moltó ◽  
Jordi Mañes ◽  
Houda Berrada
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Assessment Approach

scholarly journals A risk assessment approach to ecological decision-making

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina K Himes Boor ◽  
Paul Wade
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Population Viability Analysis ◽  
Structured Decision Making ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Threatened And Endangered Species ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Accurate Probability

The conservation and management of wild populations and ecosystems almost always involves making decisions in the face of uncertainty and risk. The application of science to the ecological decision-making process was something that the late Professor Daniel Goodman thought deeply about. In this paper we outline the three main principles that Dr. Goodman espoused for good practice when conducting analyses for ecological decision-making: 1) the results should be conditioned on all relevant data and information, 2) there must be a full characterization of all uncertainty, and it should be fully propagated into the result, and 3) doing so in the correct way will result in the calculation of an accurate probability distribution (conditioned on our understanding of the state of nature) that should be used directly for ecological decision-making. Dr. Goodman believed that in the context of threatened and endangered species management Population Viability Analysis (PVA), Bayesian statistics, and structured decision-making are the most logical tools to achieve the three principles. To illustrate the application of the principles and tools in a real management setting, we discuss a Bayesian PVA that Dr. Goodman produced for the endangered Steller sea lion. We conclude by discussing the practical and philosophical impediments that may limit the full realization of the three principles and we offer some suggested solutions.

THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ORGANIZATION IN CRISIS CONDITIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Albin Skwarek
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
Crisis Conditions

The article deals with the issues of the functioning of enterprises in the conditions of crisis. It presents the specifics of crisis management and proposals for remedial actions that should be considered by companies affected by the crisis. The main thesis of the article is that company management in crisis situations is based on a combination of reactive and prospective decisions taken in order to counteract the destabilization of its functions. The research problem boils down to answering the question: whether and to what extent, in the face of the uncertainty caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, are micro and small enterprises inclined to make quick prospective decisions? For the purposes of this article, a survey method was carried out, which enabled the implementation of the main goal of the article, which was to identify and assess the usefulness of actions taken and solutions implemented by the surveyed entities in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic. The adopted research hypothesis assumes that micro and small enterprises, in the face of a pandemic, make quick, prospective decisions to a limited extent.

The Quest for the Holy Grail and the Dutch Integrated Approach to Nitrogen: How to Align Adaptive Management Strategies with the EU Nature Directives?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-217
Author(s):  
Hendrik Schoukens
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
Economic Developments

The concept of adaptive management is generally defined as a flexible decision-making process that can be adjusted in the face of uncertainties as outcomes of management actions and other events become better understood. These experimental management strategies, which may grant permit agencies more discretion to authorise economic developments, have become increasingly popular as tools to overcome deadlock scenarios in the context of the EU Nature Directives. One notable application is the Dutch Programmatic Approach to Nitrogen (Programma Aanpak Stikstof – PAS ), which puts forward a more reconciliatory and integrated approach towards permitting additional nitrogen emissions in the vicinity of Natura 2000 sites. The purpose of this paper is to use the Dutch PAS as a benchmark to explore the margins available within the EU Nature Directives to implement more flexible adaptive management strategies. This paper argues that the Dutch PAS, especially taking into account the immediate trade-off that is provided between future restoration actions and ongoing harmful effects, appears to stand at odds with the substantive underpinning of the EU Nature Directives. As a result, its concrete application might be stalled through legal actions which advocate for a more restrictive approach to the authorization of additional impacts on vulnerable EU protected nature. It therefore remains highly doubtful whether the Dutch PAS is to be presented as a textbook example of a genuine sustainable management strategy within the context of EU environmental law.

scholarly journals Temporal branch of facial nerve: a normative study of nerve conduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Fabiana Sobral da Silva ◽  
Maria Carolina Martins de Lima ◽  
José Natal Figueiroa ◽  
Otávio Gomes Lins
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Electrophysiological Technique ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
The Temple

The temporal branch of the facial nerve is particularly vulnerable to traumatic injuries during surgical procedures. It may also be affected in clinical conditions. Electrodiagnostic studies may add additional information about the type and severity of injuries, thus allowing prognostic inferences. The objective of the present study was to develop and standardize an electrophysiological technique to specifically evaluate the temporal branch of the facial nerve. METHOD: Healthy volunteers (n=115) underwent stimulation of two points along the nerve trajectory, on both sides of the face. The stimulated points were distal (on the temple, over the temporal branch) and proximal (in retro-auricular region). Activities were recorded on the ipsilateral frontalis muscle. The following variables were studied: amplitude (A), distal motor latency (DML) and conduction velocity (NCV). RESULTS: Differences between the sides were not significant. The proposed reference values were: A >0.4 mV, DML <3.9 ms and NCV >40 m/s. Variation between hemifaces should account for less than 60% for amplitudes and latency, and should be inferior to 20% for conduction velocity. CONCLUSION: These measurements are an adequate way for proposing normative values for the electrophysiological evaluation of the temporal branch.

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