FOPR test: a virtual reality-based technique to assess field of perception and field of regard in hemispatial neglect

Abstract Background We previously proposed a novel virtual reality-based method to assess human field of perception (FOP) and field of regard (FOR), termed the FOPR test. This study assessed the diagnostic validity of the FOPR test for hemispatial neglect (HSN). Methods We included 19 stroke patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere and with HSN (HSN+SS), 22 stroke patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere and without HSN (HSN−SS), and 22 healthy controls aged 19–65 years. The success rate (SR) and response time (RT) in the FOPR test for both FOP and FOR were assessed (FOP-SR, FOR-SR, FOP-RT, and FOR-RT, respectively). Using a Bland–Altman plot, agreements between the FOPR test and conventional tests were confirmed, and the FOPR test accuracy was verified using the support vector machine (SVM). Measured values were analysed using ANOVA and Kruskall–Wallis tests for group comparison. Results The Bland–Altman plot showed good agreement between FOPR test and conventional tests; individuals within 95% agreement limits were within the range of 94.8–100.0%. The SVM classification accuracy, using FOP and FOR variables from the left hemispace, ranged from 83.3 to 100.0% in a binary classification (HSN vs non-HSN). The FOPR test demonstrated differences in SR and RT for both FOP and FOR across the groups. Conclusion The FOPR test was valid for the HSN diagnosis and provided quantitative and intuitive information regarding visuospatial function. Furthermore, it might enhance our understanding of visuospatial function including HSN by applying the time relative component and concepts of perception and exploration, FOP and FOR. Trial registration: NCT03463122. Registered 13 March 2018, retrospectively registered.

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Right hemisphere infarct patients and healthy controls: Evaluation of starting points in cancellation tasks

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617710000792 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 902-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

LAURA NURMI ◽

JANI KETTUNEN ◽

MARI LAIHOSALO ◽

EIJA-INKERI RUUSKANEN ◽

ANNA-MAIJA KOIVISTO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Specific Guideline ◽

Guideline Value ◽

Guideline Values ◽

Conventional Tests ◽

The Right

AbstractPatients with visual neglect (VN) tend to start cancellation tasks from the right. This exceptional initial rightward bias is also seen in some right hemisphere (RH) stroke patients who do not meet the criteria of VN in conventional tests. The present study compared RH infarct patients’ (examined on average 4 days post-stroke) and healthy controls’ starting points (SPs) in three cancellation tasks of the Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT). Furthermore, task-specific guideline values were defined for a normal SP to differentiate the performance of healthy subjects from that of patients with subclinical inattention. Conventional tests indicated that 15 of the 70 RH infarct patients had VN. The control group comprised 44 healthy volunteers. In each task, the VN group started the cancellations mainly from the right. The non-neglect and healthy groups initiated most cancellations from the left, more so in the healthy group. Starting more than one BIT task outside the guideline value indicated pathological inattention, as this was typical among the VN patients, but exceptional among the healthy subjects. One-third of the non-neglect patients showed pathological inattention by starting more than one task outside the guideline value. Clinical assessment of VN should, therefore, include an evaluation of the SPs to detect this subtle form of neglect. (JINS, 2010, 16, 902–909.)

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Is Lateropulsion Really Related with a Specific Lesion of the Brain?

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11030354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 354

Author(s):

Kyoung Lee ◽

Sang Yoo ◽

Eun Ji ◽

Woo Hwang ◽

Yeun Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Right Hemisphere ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

Vertical Posture ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Precentral Gyrus ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

The Right ◽

Right Hemisphere Stroke

Lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) is an important barrier to standing and gait after stroke. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between brain lesions and lateropulsion, the effects of specific brain lesions on the development of lateropulsion remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of stroke lesion location and size on lateropulsion in right hemisphere stroke patients. The present retrospective cross-sectional observational study assessed 50 right hemisphere stroke patients. Lateropulsion was diagnosed and evaluated using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP). Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis with 3T-MRI was used to identify the culprit lesion for SCP. We also performed VLSM controlling for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, in a multivariate model that also controlled for other factors contributing to pusher behavior. VLSM, combined with statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM), identified the specific region with SCP. Lesion size was associated with lateropulsion. The precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and subgyral parietal lobe of the right hemisphere seemed to be associated with the lateropulsion; however, after adjusting for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, no lesion areas were associated with the SCP scores. The size of the right hemisphere lesion was the only factor most strongly associated with lateropulsion in patients with stroke. These results may be useful for planning rehabilitation strategies of restoring vertical posture and understanding the pathophysiology of lateropulsion in stroke patients.

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Are visual working memory and episodic memory distinct processes? Insight from stroke patients by lesion-symptom mapping

Brain Structure and Function ◽

10.1007/s00429-021-02281-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Selma Lugtmeijer ◽

◽

Linda Geerligs ◽

Frank Erik de Leeuw ◽

Edward H. F. de Haan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Visual Working Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Memory Task ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽

Criterion Setting ◽

The Right

AbstractWorking memory and episodic memory are two different processes, although the nature of their interrelationship is debated. As these processes are predominantly studied in isolation, it is unclear whether they crucially rely on different neural substrates. To obtain more insight in this, 81 adults with sub-acute ischemic stroke and 29 elderly controls were assessed on a visual working memory task, followed by a surprise subsequent memory test for the same stimuli. Multivariate, atlas- and track-based lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) analyses were performed to identify anatomical correlates of visual memory. Behavioral results gave moderate evidence for independence between discriminability in working memory and subsequent memory, and strong evidence for a correlation in response bias on the two tasks in stroke patients. LSM analyses suggested there might be independent regions associated with working memory and episodic memory. Lesions in the right arcuate fasciculus were more strongly associated with discriminability in working memory than in subsequent memory, while lesions in the frontal operculum in the right hemisphere were more strongly associated with criterion setting in subsequent memory. These findings support the view that some processes involved in working memory and episodic memory rely on separate mechanisms, while acknowledging that there might also be shared processes.

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Somato-sensory evoked potential (SEP) studies in stroke patients with damage to the right hemisphere and their relationship to functional performance

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/0013-4694(96)84104-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. P14-P15

Author(s):

O. Keren ◽

I.L. Ring ◽

M. Motin

Keyword(s):

Evoked Potential ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Sensory Evoked Potential ◽

The Right ◽

Sensory Evoked

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Sensory deficits in ipsilesional upper-extremity in chronic stroke patients

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20150128 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (10) ◽

pp. 834-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Núbia Maria Freire Vieira Lima ◽

Karina Cândido Menegatti ◽

Érica Yu ◽

Natália Yumi Sacomoto ◽

Thais Botossi Scalha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Right Hemisphere ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Sensory Loss ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Sensory Assessment ◽

Sensory Deficits ◽

Left Handed ◽

Right Hemisphere Damage ◽

The Right

Objective To investigate somatosensory deficits in the ipsilesional wrist and hand in chronic stroke patients and correlate these deficits with contralesional sensorimotor dysfunctions, functional testing, laterality and handedness.Methods Fifty subjects (twenty-two healthy volunteers and twenty-eight stroke patients) underwent evaluation with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, the sensory and motor Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the Nottingham Sensory Assessment in both wrists and hands and functional tests.Results Twenty-five patients had sensory changes in the wrist and hand contralateral to the stroke, and eighteen patients (64%) had sensory deficits in the ipsilesional wrist and hand. The most significant ipsilesional sensory loss was observed in the left-handed patients. We found that the patients with brain damage in the right hemisphere had better scores for ipsilesional tactile sensation.Conclusions A reduction in ipsilesional conscious proprioception, tactile or thermal sensation was found in stroke subjects. Right hemisphere damage and right-handed subjects had better scores in ipsilesional tactile sensation.

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Ambisonics Sound Source Localization With Varying Amount of Visual Information in Virtual Reality

Frontiers in Virtual Reality ◽

10.3389/frvir.2021.722321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Thirsa Huisman ◽

Axel Ahrens ◽

Ewen MacDonald

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Visual Information ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Sound Field ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Spatial Cues ◽

Sound Sources ◽

Acoustic Localization ◽

Localization Performance ◽

The Right

To reproduce realistic audio-visual scenarios in the laboratory, Ambisonics is often used to reproduce a sound field over loudspeakers and virtual reality (VR) glasses are used to present visual information. Both technologies have been shown to be suitable for research. However, the combination of both technologies, Ambisonics and VR glasses, might affect the spatial cues for auditory localization and thus, the localization percept. Here, we investigated how VR glasses affect the localization of virtual sound sources on the horizontal plane produced using either 1st-, 3rd-, 5th- or 11th-order Ambisonics with and without visual information. Results showed that with 1st-order Ambisonics the localization error is larger than with the higher orders, while the differences across the higher orders were small. The physical presence of the VR glasses without visual information increased the perceived lateralization of the auditory stimuli by on average about 2°, especially in the right hemisphere. Presenting visual information about the environment and potential sound sources did reduce this HMD-induced shift, however it could not fully compensate for it. While the localization performance itself was affected by the Ambisonics order, there was no interaction between the Ambisonics order and the effect of the HMD. Thus, the presence of VR glasses can alter acoustic localization when using Ambisonics sound reproduction, but visual information can compensate for most of the effects. As such, most use cases for VR will be unaffected by these shifts in the perceived location of the auditory stimuli.

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Smartphone Application with Virtual Reality Goggles for the Reliable and Valid Measurement of Active Craniocervical Range of Motion

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics9030071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ke-Vin Chang ◽

Wei-Ting Wu ◽

Mei-Chu Chen ◽

Yi-Chi Chiu ◽

Der-Sheng Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Hybrid Device ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

The Right

Objective: This study aimed to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and validity of a hybrid device, combining virtual reality goggles, a magnetometer and an inclinometer application for smartphones, to measure craniocervical range. Summary of Background Data: Accurate evaluation of craniocervical range of motion is important for early detection of certain diseased conditions and monitoring the progress of interventions. The universal goniometer is widely used for the measurement but it requires experienced practitioners. Whether a combination of virtual reality goggles and smartphone applications can provide the same or better performance compared with the goniometer is still unknown. Methods: Forty-one healthy adults from the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation were recruited for craniocervical range examination (flexion, extension, side-bending to the right or left and rotating to the right or left) by using the hybrid device and universal goniometer. Using the hybrid device, repeated measurements were performed twice by a primary rater and once by a second rater. The primary rater also conducted a measurement using the universal goniometer in the same cohort. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)) were calculated using the two-way random effect model, whereas the validity was examined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-and-Altman plot. The interval between the first and second sessions of the measurement for intra-rater reliability was set at 30 min. Results: Excellent intra-rater (ICC ≥ 0.925) and inter-rater (ICC ≥ 0.880) reliability was noted for the hybrid device. The minimal detectable changes from intra-observer and inter-observer comparisons ranged between 4.12° and 7.42° in all six directions. The Bland-and-Altman plot revealed small mean differences (≤1.68°) between the hybrid device and universal goniometer. Both instruments had highly correlated measurements of craniocervical motion (r values ≥ 0.918). Conclusion: For healthy participants, excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was noted for the hybrid device, and the measurements were consistent with the universal goniometer measurements. Future studies are needed to examine whether the device can perform similarly for patients with neck disorders.

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Testing Conclusions From Functional Imaging of Working Memory with Data From Acute Stroke

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/2007/396946 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lisa E. Philipose ◽

Hannah Alphs ◽

Vivek Prabhakaran ◽

Argye E. Hillis

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Acute Stroke ◽

Functional Imaging ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Verbal Working Memory ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Cortical Stroke ◽

The Right

Functional imaging studies indicate that the left hemisphere mediates verbal working memory, while the right hemisphere mediates both verbal and spatial working memory. We evaluated acute stroke patients with working memory tests and imaging to identify whether unilateral dysfunction causes deficits in spatial and/or verbal working memory deficits. While left cortical stroke patients had verbal working memory impairments (p< 0.003), right cortical stroke patients had both verbal (p< 0.007) and spatial working memory (p< 0.03) impairments, confirming functional imaging results. Patients with transient ischemic stroke and patients with non-cortical stroke did not have significant deficits in working memory in either modality.

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