scholarly journals A comparative ethnobotany of Khevsureti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Tusheti, Svaneti, and Racha-Lechkhumi, Republic of Georgia (Sakartvelo), Caucasus

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer W. Bussmann ◽  
Narel Y. Paniagua Zambrana ◽  
Shalva Sikharulidze ◽  
Zaal Kikvidze ◽  
David Kikodze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Comparative Ethnobotany

scholarly journals Inuit plant use in the eastern Subarctic: comparative ethnobotany in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, and in Nain, Nunatsiavut

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Alain Cuerrier ◽  
Courtenay Clark ◽  
Christian H. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Comparative Ethnobotany

Plants are important in traditional Inuit life. They are used for food, tea, medicine, etc. Based on semi-structured interviews with 35 informants, we documented and compared plant names and uses in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, and in Nain, Nunatsiavut. Plant names and uses were expected to be similar between communities owing to common boreal–subarctic environments and cultural ties. Both communities reported the same number of taxa, with equivalent proportions of vascular and nonvascular plants, growth forms, use categories, and medicinal uses. Forty-three species were used in each community, for a total of 78 species from 39 families. Despite a high overlap in species distributions, only 35% of nonvascular and 56% of vascular species were used in both communities. Correspondence was higher at the family level (64% of nonvascular and 75% of vascular families shared). The Ericaceae family was the most used, followed by Rosaceae. Thirteen of 30 medicinal species were shared between communities. There was a low correspondence regarding the conditions for which the medicinal species were used. Edible taxa were shared the most (52%). Plant uses unique to either Nain or Kangiqsualujjuaq may reveal separate bodies of traditional knowledge, or may reflect an overall loss of ethnobotanical knowledge in the Subarctic due to recent lifestyle changes.

Arthrocladiella mougeotii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
High Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Arthrocladiella mougeotii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of Lycium species only. The mycelium, conidiophores, conidia and ascomata form first white, then dirty-grey patches on damaged green parts of the host. Infected parts are deformed slightly and, in cases of high infection, plants can lose their ornamental qualities. Damaged leaves can fall prematurely. HOSTS: Lycium barbarum (= L. europaeum), L. chinense, L. dasystemum, L. halimifolium, L. ovatum, L. potaninii, L. rhombifolium, L. ruthenicum. [Type host - Lycium barbarum] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Canary Islands. Asia (temperate areas only): Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Korea, Russia (Russian far east), Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Australasia: New Zealand (introduced). Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine (southern), former Yugoslavia. North America: USA (introduced). TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease.

Candidatus Phytoplasma solani. [Distribution map].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Candidatus Phytoplasma solani Quaglino et al. Mollicutes: Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae. Hosts: broad range. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, mainland Italy, Sicily, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Central Russia, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales and Ukraine), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Shaanxi, Shandong, Republic of Georgia, India, West Bengal, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan), Africa (Niger), North America (Canada), Central America and Caribbean (Cuba) and South America (Chile).

Malacosoma parallelum. [Distribution map].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Malacosoma parallelum (Staudinger) Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae Hosts: Extremely polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Russia, Southern Russia, ASIA, Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Xinjiang, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.

Leucostoma cinctum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Hayova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
Fruit Orchards

Abstract A description is provided for Leucostoma cinctum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leucostoma cinctum, especially in its conidial state, is a well-known pathogen of stone-fruit trees causing necrosis of twigs, perennial Cytospora-canker. The fungus penetrates mainly through the scars, and may result in dieback of branches or even whole trees. Tree susceptibility to L. cinctum is influenced by lesions (Stanova, 1990). Comparative anatomy and host response of peach cultivars inoculated with L. cinctum was studied by Biggs (1986). Resistance of different cultivars of stone-fruit trees to L cinctum has been investigated by many authors (Cociu et al., 1991; Miles et al., 1989; Pedryc & Rozsnyai, 1991). HOSTS: On dead or dying, attached or fallen twigs of the Rosaceae, mainly Prunoideae (Amygdalus, Armeniaca, Cerasus, Persica, Prunus) and rarely other subfamilies of the Rosaceae, including genera such as Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Malus and Pyrus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Australasia: Australia. Europe: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, USA (Idaho, Michigan, New-Jersey, Oregon). TRANSMISSION: Both conidia and ascospores are air-borne, especially under humid conditions. Orange or reddish droplets or tendrils of conidia extruded from conidiomata can be often seen after rain. It is also known that arthropods can carry propagules in stone-fruit orchards (Helton et al., 1988).

Valsa malicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Hayova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Republic Of Georgia

Abstract A description is provided for Valsa malicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Valsa malicola is associated with dieback of Malus twigs, especially weakened by other factors, for example when frozen, burnt, wounded, injured by insects or attacked by other pathogens. HOSTS: On dead or dying twigs of Malus species, and other Maloideae (Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Rosa). The fungus can also be found on other members of the Rosaceae (e.g. Prunus), but only infrequently, and mainly as the anamorph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia. Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine. North America. TRANSMISSION: Both conidia and ascospores are air-borne, especially under humid conditions. Brightly coloured droplets or tendrils of conidia are often exuded from conidiomata after rain.

Peronospora rumicis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Roll Back

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora rumicis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Emex spinosa, Polygonum convolvulus, Rumex acetosa, R. acetosella, R. alpestris (= R. arifolius), R. auriculatus, R. aviculare, R. hastatus, R. lunaria, R. longifolius, R. montanus, R. patienta, R. polyanthemus, R. repens, R. scutatus, R. thyrsifolius, R. tuberosus, R. vesicarius. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Rumex. Both leaves and flowers are infected. On R. acetosella, the plant remains upright following infection and the upper leaves crumple. In other Rumex species, infected leaves become covered in a very dense layer of violet-coloured felt on their undersurface, whereas a grey felt layer develops on flowers. Leaves become yellowish and their margins roll back (39, 159). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Libya, Morocco, South Africa. Asia-Temperate: Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Stavropol. Asia-Tropical: India. Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Austria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Estonia, Faeroes, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, Yaroslavl), Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (England, Scotland), Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: By conidia which are dispersed by wind or rain-splash. Mycelium perennates in the root.

Entyloma serotinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma serotinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Symphytum spp., including S. asperrimum, S. bulbosum, S. cordatum, S. officinale, S. ottomanum and S. tuberosum; Borago officinalis; also recorded on Amsinckia, Lappula and Mertensia spp. (in USA) and Pulmonaria (in Europe, but see 64, 4163). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Symphylum, less frequently (though with similar symptoms) of other members of the Boraginaceae.GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Israel, USSR (Republic of Georgia). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: widespread, including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France (including Corsica), Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia), Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains and in soil, and germinate to infect seedlings and the new seasons's leaves. In Europe conidia may also over-winter and initiate new infections in spring (Kaiser, 1936). During the growing season, conidia are disseminated by air currents and water-splash.

Scirrhia pini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Airborne Conidia ◽  
Infected Material

Abstract A description is provided for Scirrhia pini[Mycosphaerella pini]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On pines including Pinus radiata and its hybrids, P. halepensis, P. canariensis, P. carbaea, P. ponderosa, P. nigra and others, Pseudotsuga menziesii (46, 2860), Larix decidua (49, 273). DISEASE: Dothistroma blight; red band. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada, USA including Alaska), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay), Australasia and Oceania (New Zealand), Asia (Brunei, India, Japan), Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rhodesia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda), Europe (Austria, France, Rumania, UK, USSR (Republic of Georgia), Yugoslavia) (CMI Map 419, ed. 2, 1970; record in CMI Herbarium). TRANSMISSION: By airborne conidia released and dispersed by a splash take-off mechanism for short distances. Long distance dispersal may be by transport of infected material, such as nursery stock and, under special conditions, clouds may carry sporal inoculum (43, 2100). Survival time of inoculum in the form of cast, infected foliage on the forest floor is limited to 2-6 months under moist conditions (50, 2003).

Diplodia rosarum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Hayova
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Irish Republic ◽  
Botryotinia Fuckeliana

Abstract A description is provided for Diplodia rosarum, which has been implicated in canker or dieback of cultivated roses. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (California, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, South Carolina, Texas), Brazil, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, India, (Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Cuba, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Irish Republic, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine and UK), hosts (Rosa arvensis, R. banksiana, R. canina, R. centifolia, R. corymbifera, R. hybrida, R. multiflora, R. spinosissima, R. tomentosa, R. willmottiae and Rosa sp.) and associated fungi (Botryotinia fuckeliana, Hendersonula sp., Macrophoma camarana, Microdiplodia rosarum, Coniothyrium olivaceum, Pleospora herbarum f. microspora and Valsa ambiens).

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