scholarly journals Nerves are more abundant than blood vessels in the degenerate human intervertebral disc

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie L. A. Binch ◽  
Ashley A. Cole ◽  
Lee M. Breakwell ◽  
Antony L. R. Michael ◽  
Neil Chiverton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Blood Vessels

INGROWTH OF NEURAL ELEMENTS INTO THE ANNULUS FIBROSUS OF OVINE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC IN AN ACUTE AND SUBACUTE EXPERIMENTAL DISC INJURY

2003 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
A. K. Lappalainen ◽  
E. Kääpä ◽  
M. Grönblad
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Pgp 9.5 ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Ingrowth of nerves and blood vessels is regarded as a part of disc degeneration. Schwann cells, which guide the development and regeneration of nerves both in the central and peripheral nervous system, have recently been located in degenerated human discs. The purpose of this study was to investigate by immunohistochemical methods, whether or not there was nerve, Schwann cell and blood vessel ingrowth in experimentally induced acute (3 weeks) and subacute (3 months) annular tears; and to study the detailed topography of such nerve ingrowth when present. Ingrowth of nerves and Schwann cells has so far not been studied in experimentally induced acute annular tears. A stab incision with a scalpel blade was made in two adjacent lumbar discs in adult sheep (n = 9). The L2–L3 discs were injured superficially, whereas in L3–L4 discs the incision reached the nucleus pulposus (full-thickness injury). The animals were sacrificed three weeks (acute injury, n = 3) or three months (subacute injury, n = 6) post-operatively. Discs were immunoassayed for general neuronal markers (protein gene product 9.5, PGP 9.5 and synaptophysin, SYN), Schwann cell marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) and endothelial marker (CD 31). Nerves visualized with all antibodies employed were situated inside the injured area and mainly near amd around blood vessels although free nerve endings could be seen also. PGP 9.5-immunopositive nerves were evident in every sample. Immunoreactivity to SYN and GFAP was not observed in control discs. Such immunoreactivity appeared already at 3 weeks (acute injury) in a few samples, and was present in all samples at 3 months (subacute injury). For the superficial injury, nerves did not penetrate deeper than in control discs until at 3 months. With more extensive annular injury, mean values for both nerve and Schwann cell penetration were higher. Blood capillaries were visible deeper in the inner annulus than neural tissues immunopositive to PGP 9.5, GFAP or SYN. The results suggest an ingrowth of nerves and Schwann cells with time, following an injury of the annulus fibrosus. A trend for deeper penetration already in the acute stage, but only for deep lesions reaching all the way to the nucleus pulposus, may be suggested. Such ingrowth, also previously reported in degenerated human discs, may relate to mechanisms of low back pain, originating in the intervertebral disc.

Partial Pediculectomy for the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Disc Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Lateral Approach ◽  
Disc Prolapse ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Material

SummaryA total of 27 dogs underwent surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc prolapse. A partial pediculectomy was performed in 19 cases. In the majority of these cases the most likely position of the extruded disc material was known from clinical signs and myelography. Eight cases had partial pediculectomy performed as a first stage procedure but ended as a minihemilaminectomy of which in five the position of the extruded disc was known and in three only the disc affected was known. Disc material could be retrieved from the ventral aspect of the spinal cord through a small bony incision in the lateral pedicle without disturbing the area of the vertebral foramen. The advantages of not disturbing the vertebral foramen are avoidance of the branches of spinal artery and the nerve and vessels exiting the foramen making the surgery easier and quicker due to less bleeding.A partial pediculectomy, or modified minihemilaminecto-my was performed on 27 dogs. The location of the disc material in the vertebral canal was ascertained using lumbar myelography and clinical information. If the disc material was lying mainly over the vertebral body the vertebral foramen with its associated blood vessels was not disturbed during surgery, and the disc material was retrieved via a bony incision in the lateral pedicle via a lateral approach.

Author response for "Hemovasculogenic origin of blood vessels in the developing mouse brain"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Gama Sosa ◽  
Rita De Gasperi ◽  
Gissel M. Perez ◽  
Patrick R. Hof ◽  
Gregory A. Elder
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Developing Mouse Brain

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

Permeability of Endometrial Blood Vessels to Exogenous Horse Radish Peroxidase in Mice. Electron Microscope Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
M.C. Castillo-Jessen ◽  
A. González-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Horse Radish Peroxidase ◽  
Intravascular Injection ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Proteins

Information regarding the normal morphology of uterine blood vessels at ultrastructural level in mammals is scarce Electron microscopy studies dealing with endometrial vasculature despite the functional implications due to hormone priming are not available. Light microscopy observations with combined injection of dyes and microradiography along with histochemical studies does not enable us to know the detailed fine structure of the possible various types of blood vessels in this tissue. The present work has been designed to characterize the blood vessels of endometrium of mice as well as the behavior of the endothelium to injection of low molecular weight proteins during the normal estrous cycle in this animal. One hundred and forty female albino mice were sacrificed after intravascular injection of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) at 30 seconds, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes.

Some quantitative applications of vascular corrosion casting

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
Fred E. Hossler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Nuclear Orientation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Venous Valve ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Quantitative Measurements

Preparation of replicas of the complex arrangement of blood vessels in various organs and tissues has been accomplished by infusing low viscosity resins into the vasculature. Subsequent removal of the surrounding tissue by maceration leaves a model of the intricate three-dimensional anatomy of the blood vessels of the tissue not obtainable by any other procedure. When applied with care, the vascular corrosion casting technique can reveal fine details of the microvasculature including endothelial nuclear orientation and distribution (Fig. 1), locations of arteriolar sphincters (Fig. 2), venous valve anatomy (Fig. 3), and vessel size, density, and branching patterns. Because casts faithfully replicate tissue vasculature, they can be used for quantitative measurements of that vasculature. The purpose of this report is to summarize and highlight some quantitative applications of vascular corrosion casting. In each example, casts were prepared by infusing Mercox, a methyl-methacrylate resin, and macerating the tissue with 20% KOH. Casts were either mounted for conventional scanning electron microscopy, or sliced for viewing with a confocal laser microscope.

Cytochemical Specializations on the Luminal Surface of Blood Vessels in the Developing Rat Central Nervous System

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
R. S. Hannah ◽  
T. H. Rosenquist
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

Developing blood vessels in the rat central nervous system exhibit several unusual luminal features. Hannah (1975) used high voltage electron microscopy to demonstrate numerous ridges of endothelium, some near junctional complexes. The ridges produced troughs (which may appear as depressions) in the endothelial surface. In some areas ridges extended over the troughs, removing them from direct contact with the luminal surface. At no time were the troughs observed to penetrate the basal laminae. Fingerlike projections also extended into the lumina.To determine whether any chemical specializations accompanied the unusual morphological features of the luminal surface, we added 0.1% Alcian blue (Behnke and Zelander, 1970) to the 3% glutaraldehyde perfusate (cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4). After Alcian blue had reacted with the luminal glycocalyces, the dye was dissociated with MgCl2 via critical electrolyte concentration method of Scott and Dorling (1965). When these methods are applied together, it is possible to differentiate mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans or GAG) with the electron microscope.

Innervation of endoneurial microvessels in human sural nerve

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
John L. Beggs ◽  
Peter C. Johnson ◽  
Astrid G. Olafsen ◽  
C. Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Vasa Nervorum ◽  
Endoneurial Blood Flow

The blood supply (vasa nervorum) to peripheral nerves is composed of an interconnected dual circulation. The endoneurium of nerve fascicles is maintained by the intrinsic circulation which is composed of microvessels primarily of capillary caliber. Transperineurial arterioles link the intrinsic circulation with the extrinsic arterial supply located in the epineurium. Blood flow in the vasa nervorum is neurogenically influenced (1,2). Although a recent hypothesis proposes that endoneurial blood flow is controlled by the action of autonomic nerve fibers associated with epineurial arterioles (2), our recent studies (3) show that in addition to epineurial arterioles other segments of the vasa nervorum are also innervated. In this study, we examine blood vessels of the endoneurium for possible innervation.

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