scholarly journals Isolation and identification of group A rotaviruses among neonatal diarrheic calves, Morocco

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Ennima ◽  
Ghizlane Sebbar ◽  
Bachir Harif ◽  
Saaid Amzazi ◽  
Chafiqa Loutfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Diarrheic Calves

scholarly journals Rotaviruses and Rotavirus Vaccines

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Celeste M. Donato ◽  
Julie E. Bines
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Outer Capsid

Group A rotaviruses belong to the Reoviridae virus family and are classified into G and P genotypes based on the outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4, respectively [...]

scholarly journals A Survey of G6 and G10 Serotypes of Group a Bovine Rotaviruses from Diarrheic Beef and Dairy Calves using Monoclonal Antibodies in ELISA

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lucchelli ◽  
S. Y. Kang ◽  
M. K. Jayasekera ◽  
A. V. Parwani ◽  
D. H. Zeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Group A

Group A bovine rotaviruses (BRV) have been identified worldwide as a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many species, including humans. Group A rotaviruses are classified into serotypes on the basis of the outer capsid proteins, VP7 (G types) and VP4 (P types). To date, there are 14 G types of group A rotaviruses, with G1, G6, G8, and G10 described for BRV isolates. In this study, G6- and G lo-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the G typing of BRV-positive stool samples from diarrheic beef and dairy calves from South Dakota, Ohio, Michigan, Nebraska, and Washington, USA, and Ontario, Canada. ELISA plates were coated using a broadly reactive VP7 MAb (Common 60) or with G6- or G10-specific MAbs. BRV-positive fecal samples were diluted and added to duplicate wells, followed by the addition of polyclonal guinea pig anti-group A rotavirus serum as the secondary antibody. Several reference G6 and G10 BRV strains as well as other G types previously reported in cattle (G1, G2, G3, G8) and BRV-negative samples were included as G type specificity and negative controls. From a total of 308 field samples analyzed, 79% (244/308) tested positive by the broadly reactive VP7 MAb; of these, 54% (131/244) were G6 positive, 14% (35/244) were G10 positive, 4% (9/244) were both G6 and G10 positive, and 28% (69/244) were G6 and G10 negative. The negative samples may represent additional or undefined serotypes. The 89 samples from South Dakota were further subdivided into samples from beef ( n = 43) or dairy ( n = 46) herds. G6 was more prevalent in beef herd samples (67%) than in dairy herd samples (47.5%). In addition, dairy herds had higher percentages of G10-positive samples (17.5%) G6-G10 double positives (10%), and untypable samples (25%) than did beef herds, in which the prevalence of G10 positive samples was 5.5%, G6-G10 double positives was 5.5%, and untypable samples was 22%. Application of the serotype ELISA for the analysis of additional BRV samples will provide further epidemiologic data on the distribution of BRV serotypes in beef or dairy cattle, an important consideration for the development of improved BRV vaccines.

scholarly journals Electropherotypes and G-Types of Group A Rotaviruses Detected in Children with Diarrhea in Lagos, Nigeria

ISRN Virology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christianah Idowu Ayolabi ◽  
David Ajiboye Ojo ◽  
George Enyimah Armah
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Health Care Centers ◽  
Virus Isolates

Approximately over 500,000 children die annually due to severe dehydrating diarrhea caused by rotaviruses. This work investigated rotavirus infection among children less than 5 years with diarrhea in Lagos and determined the circulating electropherotypes and genotypes of the virus isolates. Three hundred and two (n=302) stool samples from children below 60 months were collected from different hospitals and health care centers in Lagos and subjected to enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to determine the presence of Group A rotavirus, RT-PCR to determine the G-types, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine the electropherotypes. The results show that 60.3% of the samples showed distinct rotavirus RNA migration pattern, having long electropherotypes (55.3%) of seven variations dominating over the short electropherotypes (44.5%). Six different G-types were detected (G1, G2, G3, G4, G9, and G12). Serotypes G1 and G12 showed long electropherotypic pattern while G2, G3, and G9 exhibited either short or long electropherotype. All G4 detected show short electropherotypic pattern. In conclusion, information on the genomic diversity and RNA electropherotypes of rotaviruses detected in children with diarrhea in Lagos is reported in this study.

scholarly journals Value of rapid test for identification of beta hemolytic Streptococcus antigens in children with Streptococcal pharyngitis

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 39-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branimir Nestorovic ◽  
Suzana Laban-Nestorovic ◽  
Veselinka Paripovic ◽  
Katarina Milosevic
Keyword(s):  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tract Infections

Beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) is the most common bacterial agent associated with the upper respiratory tract infections in humans. The most frequently group A streptococcus-associated disease is pharyngitis. Males and females are equally affected by group A streptococcus. There is seasonal increase in the prevalence of group A streptococcus-associated pharyngitis. Streptococcal pharyngitis is most prevalent in winter and early spring with higher incidence of disease observed in crowded population such as school children. Early diagnosis and treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis has been shown to reduce the severity of symptoms and further complications such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. The conventional methods used for identification of group A streptococci depend on isolation and identification of the organism on blood agar plates. These methods usually require 18-24 hours of incubation at 37?C. Such delay in identifying the group A streptococcus has often made physicians to administer therapy without first disclosing the etiological agent. Development of immunologic tests, capable of detecting the group A streptococcal antigen directly from the throat swabs, produced rapid test results employed for better treatment of patients. STREP A test is a rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of group A streptococci from throat swabs or culture. The accuracy of the test does not depend on the organism viability. Instead, group A strep antigen is extracted directly from the swab and identified using antibodies specific for the group A carbohydrates. We compared rapid test with conventional throat swab in 40 children, who met Centor criteria for streptococcal pharyngitis (absence of cough, high fever, purulent pharyngitis, enlarged and painful cervical lymph nodes). Overall congruence of rapid test and culture was 94%. Test is easy to perform and it is recommended as the first diagnostic test for management of children with streptococcal pharyngitis. In children with negative test, but with characteristics highly suggestive of streptococcal infection, throat culture should be performed.

scholarly journals Survey of Human Group C Rotaviruses in Japan during the Winter of 1992 to 1993

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutaka Kuzuya ◽  
Ritsushi Fujii ◽  
Masako Hamano ◽  
Masao Yamada ◽  
Kuniko Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Outer Capsid ◽  
Very High ◽  
Vp7 Gene

Fecal specimens from patients with acute diarrhea were collected from 10 prefectures in Japan over a 6-month period (November 1992 to April 1993), and the specimens that were negative for human group A rotaviruses were screened for the presence of human group C rotaviruses (CHRVs) by the reverse passive hemagglutination test. Of 784 specimens examined, 53 samples (6.8%) that were collected in 7 of 10 prefectures were positive for CHRV, indicating that CHRVs are widely distributed across Japan. Most of the CHRV isolates were detected in March and April, and CHRVs mainly prevailed in children ages 3 to 8 years. The genome electropherotypes of eight strains isolated in five individual prefectures were surprisingly similar to each other and were different from those of CHRV strains isolated to date. The outer capsid glycoprotein (VP7) gene homologies of the isolates retrieved in 1993 were subsequently analyzed by the dot blot hybridization method. As a result, the VP7 genes of the isolates revealed very high levels of homology not only with each other but also with the VP7 gene of the OK118 strain isolated in 1988. These results suggest that a large-scale outbreak of CHRV occurred during the winter of 1992 and 1993 in Japan.

scholarly journals Suspected zoonotic transmission of rotavirus group A in Danish adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. MIDGLEY ◽  
C. K. HJULSAGER ◽  
L. E. LARSEN ◽  
G. FALKENHORST ◽  
B. BÖTTIGER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples

SUMMARYGroup A rotaviruses infect humans and a variety of animals. In July 2006 a rare rotavirus strain with G8P[14] specificity was identified in the stool samples of two adult patients with diarrheoa, who lived in the same geographical area in Denmark. Nucleotide sequences of the VP7, VP4, VP6, and NSP4 genes of the identified strains were identical. Phylogenetic analyses showed that both Danish G8P[14] strains clustered with rotaviruses of animal, mainly, bovine and caprine, origin. The high genetic relatedness to animal rotaviruses and the atypical epidemiological features suggest that these human G8P[14] strains were acquired through direct zoonotic transmission events.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterizations of Human and Animal Group A Rotaviruses in The Netherlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van der Heide ◽  
M. P. G. Koopmans ◽  
N. Shekary ◽  
D. J. Houwers ◽  
Y. T. H. P. van Duynhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

Molecular characterization of the first human G15 rotavirus strain of zoonotic origin from the bovine species

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tsugawa ◽  
Yoshiki Fujii ◽  
Yusuke Akane ◽  
Saho Honjo ◽  
Kenji Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Paediatric Outpatient ◽  
Group A ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Bovine Species

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) infect a wide variety of mammalian and avian species. Animals act as a potential reservoir to RVA human infections by direct virion transmission or by contributing genes to reassortants. Here, we report the molecular characterization of a rare human RVA strain Ni17-46 with a genotype G15P[14], isolated in Japan in 2017 during rotavirus surveillance in a paediatric outpatient clinic. The genome constellation of this strain was G15-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A13-N2-T9-E2-H3. This is the first report of an RVA with G15 genotype in humans, and sequencing and phylogenetic analysis results suggest that human infection with this strain has zoonotic origin from the bovine species. Given the fact that this strain was isolated from a patient with gastroenteritis and dehydration symptoms, we must take into account the virulence of this strain in humans.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Pasteurella multocida from Chicken for the Preparation of Oil Adjuvanted Vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Ievy ◽  
Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Md Bahanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Fowl Cholera ◽  
Adjuvanted Vaccine ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

The research work was performed for the isolation and identification of Pasteurella multocida from field cases, preparation of oil adjuvanted vaccine from isolated strain and determination of its efficacy. Samples were collected from suspected dead birds of three poultry farms of Bangladesh (Code name: M and R). The P. multocida isolates were Gram negative, non-motile, non- spore forming rod occurring singly or pairs and occasionally as chains or filaments. Biochemically P. multocida ferment basic sugar and consistently produced acid except from maltose and lactose. After isolation formalin killed oil adjuvanted Fowl cholera vaccine was prepared in Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU and this experimental vaccine (3.2x108 CFU/ml) was administered in nine weeks old White Leg Horn chickens at the different dose rate through intramuscular (IM) route in each selected group A (1ml alum precipitated vaccine), B (0.5ml alum precipitated vaccine), C (1ml oil adjuvanted vaccine) and D (0.5ml oil adjuvanted vaccine). Pre-vaccinated sera were collected from all groups of birds. The mean of Passive Hemagglutination (PHA) titers of post-vaccination were 51±17.8, 76.8±17, 89.6±17, and 115±17.81 in group A, B, C and D respectively which consist of 5 birds in each. The vaccine produced better immune response when boostering with the similar dose and route at 15 days after primary vaccination. The mean PHA titers were higher at group D than other groups after boostering. Challenge infection was conducted on all the vaccinated and control group (n=5) of birds after 15 days of vaccination which protect 93.75% of birds and the PHA titers from different groups analyzed to determine the protective capacity of vaccinated chickens against challenge exposure. It was demonstrated that experimental oil adjuvanted fowl cholera vaccine with 0.5ml dose produce higher immune response against challenge infection and found to be safe. Microbes and Health, June 2013, 2(1): 1-4DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v2i1.17253

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