Molecular Characterizations of Human and Animal Group A Rotaviruses in The Netherlands

ABSTRACT Trypsin enhances rotavirus infectivity by an unknown mechanism. To examine the structural basis of trypsin-enhanced infectivity in rotaviruses, SA11 4F triple-layered particles (TLPs) grown in the absence (nontrypsinized rotavirus [NTR]) or presence (trypsinized rotavirus [TR]) of trypsin were characterized to determine the structure, the protein composition, and the infectivity of the particles before and after trypsin treatment. As expected, VP4 was not cleaved in NTR particles and was cleaved into VP5∗ and VP8∗ in TR particles. However, surprisingly, while the VP4 spikes were clearly visible and well ordered in the electron cryomicroscopy reconstructions of TR TLPs, they were totally absent in the reconstructions of NTR TLPs. Biochemical analysis with radiolabeled particles indicated that the stoichiometry of the VP4 in NTR particles was the same as that in TR particles and that the VP8∗ portion of NTR, but not TR, particles is susceptible to further proteolysis by trypsin. Taken together, these structural and biochemical data show that the VP4 spikes in the NTR TLPs are icosahedrally disordered and that they are conformationally different. Structural studies on the NTR TLPs after trypsin treatment showed that spike structure could be partially recovered. Following additional trypsin treatment, infectivity was enhanced for both NTR and TR particles, but the infectivity of NTR remained 2 logs lower than that of TR particles. Increased infectivity in these particles corresponded to additional cleavages in VP5∗, at amino acids 259, 583, and putatively 467, which are conserved in all P serotypes of human and animal group A rotaviruses and also corresponded with a structural change in VP7. These biochemical and structural results show that trypsin cleavage imparts order to VP4 spikes on de novo synthesized virus particles, and these ordered spikes make virus entry into cells more efficient.

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Rotaviruses and Rotavirus Vaccines

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10080959 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 959

Author(s):

Celeste M. Donato ◽

Julie E. Bines

Keyword(s):

Capsid Proteins ◽

Virus Family ◽

Rotavirus Vaccines ◽

Group A Rotaviruses ◽

Group A ◽

Outer Capsid

Group A rotaviruses belong to the Reoviridae virus family and are classified into G and P genotypes based on the outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4, respectively [...]

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A Survey of G6 and G10 Serotypes of Group a Bovine Rotaviruses from Diarrheic Beef and Dairy Calves using Monoclonal Antibodies in ELISA

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063879400600207 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 175-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. Lucchelli ◽

S. Y. Kang ◽

M. K. Jayasekera ◽

A. V. Parwani ◽

D. H. Zeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

South Dakota ◽

Dairy Herd ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Positive Stool ◽

Field Samples ◽

Group A Rotaviruses ◽

Beef Herds ◽

Group A

Group A bovine rotaviruses (BRV) have been identified worldwide as a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many species, including humans. Group A rotaviruses are classified into serotypes on the basis of the outer capsid proteins, VP7 (G types) and VP4 (P types). To date, there are 14 G types of group A rotaviruses, with G1, G6, G8, and G10 described for BRV isolates. In this study, G6- and G lo-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the G typing of BRV-positive stool samples from diarrheic beef and dairy calves from South Dakota, Ohio, Michigan, Nebraska, and Washington, USA, and Ontario, Canada. ELISA plates were coated using a broadly reactive VP7 MAb (Common 60) or with G6- or G10-specific MAbs. BRV-positive fecal samples were diluted and added to duplicate wells, followed by the addition of polyclonal guinea pig anti-group A rotavirus serum as the secondary antibody. Several reference G6 and G10 BRV strains as well as other G types previously reported in cattle (G1, G2, G3, G8) and BRV-negative samples were included as G type specificity and negative controls. From a total of 308 field samples analyzed, 79% (244/308) tested positive by the broadly reactive VP7 MAb; of these, 54% (131/244) were G6 positive, 14% (35/244) were G10 positive, 4% (9/244) were both G6 and G10 positive, and 28% (69/244) were G6 and G10 negative. The negative samples may represent additional or undefined serotypes. The 89 samples from South Dakota were further subdivided into samples from beef ( n = 43) or dairy ( n = 46) herds. G6 was more prevalent in beef herd samples (67%) than in dairy herd samples (47.5%). In addition, dairy herds had higher percentages of G10-positive samples (17.5%) G6-G10 double positives (10%), and untypable samples (25%) than did beef herds, in which the prevalence of G10 positive samples was 5.5%, G6-G10 double positives was 5.5%, and untypable samples was 22%. Application of the serotype ELISA for the analysis of additional BRV samples will provide further epidemiologic data on the distribution of BRV serotypes in beef or dairy cattle, an important consideration for the development of improved BRV vaccines.

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Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease in The Netherlands: Evidence for a Protective Role of Anti–Exotoxin A Antibodies

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/315222 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 181 (2) ◽

pp. 631-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Ellen M. Mascini ◽

Margriet Jansze ◽

Joop F. P. Schellekens ◽

James M. Musser ◽

Joop A. J. Faber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Protective Role ◽

Exotoxin A ◽

Invasive Group ◽

Streptococcal Disease ◽

Group A

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First record of the genus Acrodactyla Haliday (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of six new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3207.1.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3207 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

NHI THI PHAM ◽

GAVIN R. BROAD ◽

RIKIO MATSUMOTO ◽

WOLFGANG BÖHME

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Natural History ◽

The Netherlands ◽

First Record ◽

Group A ◽

Lao Cai

Six new Acrodactyla species are described and illustrated from Vietnam based on the Ichneumonidae collection depositedat the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity, Naturalis, Netherlands and the Osaka Museum of Natural History, Japan: A.maiphuquyi sp. nov., A. elongata sp. nov., A. shawi sp. nov and A. tami sp. nov. collected from Lao Cai Province at anelevation of 1,700–2,320 m a.s.l; A. lachryma sp. nov. collected from Chu Mom Ray NP, Kon Tum Province at an eleva-tion of 700–900 m a.s.l; and A. phuthoensis sp. nov. collected from Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Province at an elevation of350–400 m a.s.l. Acrodactyla maiphuquyi sp. nov., A. elongata sp. nov. and A. tami sp. nov. belong to the degener group; A. lachryma sp. nov., A. phuthoensis sp. nov. and A. shawi sp. nov. belong to the quadrisculpta group.

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Electropherotypes and G-Types of Group A Rotaviruses Detected in Children with Diarrhea in Lagos, Nigeria

ISRN Virology ◽

10.5402/2013/179871 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christianah Idowu Ayolabi ◽

David Ajiboye Ojo ◽

George Enyimah Armah

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Migration Pattern ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Group A Rotaviruses ◽

Group A ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Health Care Centers ◽

Virus Isolates

Approximately over 500,000 children die annually due to severe dehydrating diarrhea caused by rotaviruses. This work investigated rotavirus infection among children less than 5 years with diarrhea in Lagos and determined the circulating electropherotypes and genotypes of the virus isolates. Three hundred and two (n=302) stool samples from children below 60 months were collected from different hospitals and health care centers in Lagos and subjected to enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to determine the presence of Group A rotavirus, RT-PCR to determine the G-types, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine the electropherotypes. The results show that 60.3% of the samples showed distinct rotavirus RNA migration pattern, having long electropherotypes (55.3%) of seven variations dominating over the short electropherotypes (44.5%). Six different G-types were detected (G1, G2, G3, G4, G9, and G12). Serotypes G1 and G12 showed long electropherotypic pattern while G2, G3, and G9 exhibited either short or long electropherotype. All G4 detected show short electropherotypic pattern. In conclusion, information on the genomic diversity and RNA electropherotypes of rotaviruses detected in children with diarrhea in Lagos is reported in this study.

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Endometrial stem cells expansion capability for local and systemic routes of administration in a model of experimentally injured endometrium

Journal of obstetrics and women s diseases ◽

10.17816/jowd65162-68 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

Elena O Usoltceva ◽

Liailia Kh Dzhemlikhanova ◽

Dariko A Niauri ◽

Igor Yu Kogan ◽

Alexander M Gzgzyan

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Route Of Administration ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Animal Group ◽

Intravenous Injections ◽

Routes Of Administration ◽

Endometrial Stem Cells ◽

Group A ◽

Experimental Group

Endometrial stem cells due to their therapeutic characteristics could to be an effective tool of cell technologies in reproductive medicine. The aim of the study was to determine the most therapeutically effective route of administration for endometrial stem cells suspension. The study was conducted in approved animal model of injured endometrium. To create the experimental model tissue pieces of autologous endometrium were implanted on the anterior abdominal wall peritoneum using general surgical techniques. Experimental group animals were treated with endometrial stem cells suspension; in the control animal group a placebo was used. Local and systemic routes of endometrial stem cells administration were compared. The direct injections of stem cells suspension in the endometrial implants were used as the local route of administration, the intravenous injections of stem cells suspension were used as a systemic route. Endometrial stem cells expansion didn’t depend on the routes of administration, whereas therapeutic effects of stem cells was more obvious in tissue pieces after local injection of stem cells.

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Survey of Human Group C Rotaviruses in Japan during the Winter of 1992 to 1993

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.36.1.6-10.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mitsutaka Kuzuya ◽

Ritsushi Fujii ◽

Masako Hamano ◽

Masao Yamada ◽

Kuniko Shinozaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Blot Hybridization ◽

Human Group ◽

Dot Blot ◽

Passive Hemagglutination ◽

Group A Rotaviruses ◽

Group A ◽

Outer Capsid ◽

Very High ◽

Vp7 Gene

Fecal specimens from patients with acute diarrhea were collected from 10 prefectures in Japan over a 6-month period (November 1992 to April 1993), and the specimens that were negative for human group A rotaviruses were screened for the presence of human group C rotaviruses (CHRVs) by the reverse passive hemagglutination test. Of 784 specimens examined, 53 samples (6.8%) that were collected in 7 of 10 prefectures were positive for CHRV, indicating that CHRVs are widely distributed across Japan. Most of the CHRV isolates were detected in March and April, and CHRVs mainly prevailed in children ages 3 to 8 years. The genome electropherotypes of eight strains isolated in five individual prefectures were surprisingly similar to each other and were different from those of CHRV strains isolated to date. The outer capsid glycoprotein (VP7) gene homologies of the isolates retrieved in 1993 were subsequently analyzed by the dot blot hybridization method. As a result, the VP7 genes of the isolates revealed very high levels of homology not only with each other but also with the VP7 gene of the OK118 strain isolated in 1988. These results suggest that a large-scale outbreak of CHRV occurred during the winter of 1992 and 1993 in Japan.

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Suspected zoonotic transmission of rotavirus group A in Danish adults

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268811001981 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 140 (6) ◽

pp. 1013-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S. E. MIDGLEY ◽

C. K. HJULSAGER ◽

L. E. LARSEN ◽

G. FALKENHORST ◽

B. BÖTTIGER

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Nucleotide Sequences ◽

Zoonotic Transmission ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

Group A Rotaviruses ◽

Group A ◽

Stool Samples

SUMMARYGroup A rotaviruses infect humans and a variety of animals. In July 2006 a rare rotavirus strain with G8P[14] specificity was identified in the stool samples of two adult patients with diarrheoa, who lived in the same geographical area in Denmark. Nucleotide sequences of the VP7, VP4, VP6, and NSP4 genes of the identified strains were identical. Phylogenetic analyses showed that both Danish G8P[14] strains clustered with rotaviruses of animal, mainly, bovine and caprine, origin. The high genetic relatedness to animal rotaviruses and the atypical epidemiological features suggest that these human G8P[14] strains were acquired through direct zoonotic transmission events.

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