scholarly journals Survey of Human Group C Rotaviruses in Japan during the Winter of 1992 to 1993

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutaka Kuzuya ◽  
Ritsushi Fujii ◽  
Masako Hamano ◽  
Masao Yamada ◽  
Kuniko Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Outer Capsid ◽  
Very High ◽  
Vp7 Gene

Fecal specimens from patients with acute diarrhea were collected from 10 prefectures in Japan over a 6-month period (November 1992 to April 1993), and the specimens that were negative for human group A rotaviruses were screened for the presence of human group C rotaviruses (CHRVs) by the reverse passive hemagglutination test. Of 784 specimens examined, 53 samples (6.8%) that were collected in 7 of 10 prefectures were positive for CHRV, indicating that CHRVs are widely distributed across Japan. Most of the CHRV isolates were detected in March and April, and CHRVs mainly prevailed in children ages 3 to 8 years. The genome electropherotypes of eight strains isolated in five individual prefectures were surprisingly similar to each other and were different from those of CHRV strains isolated to date. The outer capsid glycoprotein (VP7) gene homologies of the isolates retrieved in 1993 were subsequently analyzed by the dot blot hybridization method. As a result, the VP7 genes of the isolates revealed very high levels of homology not only with each other but also with the VP7 gene of the OK118 strain isolated in 1988. These results suggest that a large-scale outbreak of CHRV occurred during the winter of 1992 and 1993 in Japan.

scholarly journals Rotaviruses and Rotavirus Vaccines

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Celeste M. Donato ◽  
Julie E. Bines
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Outer Capsid

Group A rotaviruses belong to the Reoviridae virus family and are classified into G and P genotypes based on the outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4, respectively [...]

scholarly journals Detection and Differentiation of Bovine Group A Rotavirus Serotypes using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Generated Probes to the VP7 Gene

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil V. Parwani ◽  
Blair I. Rosen ◽  
Jorge Flores ◽  
Malcolm A. McCrae ◽  
Mario Gorziglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Vp7 Gene ◽  
Hybridization Assays

Dot and Northern blot hybridization assays were developed to detect and differentiate group A bovine rotavirus serotypes using radiolabeled serotype 6 (Nebraska calf diarrhea virus [NCDV] and United Kingdom [UK] strains) or serotype 10 (Cracker [Cr] strain) VP7 gene probes. Partial length VP7-specific cDNA encompassing areas of major sequence diversity were generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using either cloned VP7 genes (NCDV and UK strains) or reverse transcribed mRNA (Cr strain) as templates. Radiolabeled probes prepared from the PCR-generated cDNA were tested at various stringency conditions to optimize the hybridization assays. At high stringency conditions (52 C, 50% formamide, 5 x standard saline citrate), the NCDV, UK, and Cr probes serotypically differentiated bovine rotavirus isolates in RNA samples prepared from cell culture-propagated viruses or in fecal specimens from infected gnotobiotic calves. The sensitivity and specificity of NCDV and Cr VP7 probes were characterized in dot blot hybridization assays, and the probes were estimated to detect at least 1 ng of viral RNA. The serotyping results obtained using VP7 probes were similar to those obtained using serologic assays. Further development of these assays may provide a useful means for the rapid detection and differentiation of bovine rotavirus serotypes in fecal samples from calves in the field.

scholarly journals Genotypic determination of human group A rotaviruses from Goa and Meghalaya states, India

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e04521
Author(s):  
Abhay Raorane ◽  
Zunjar Dubal ◽  
Sandeep Ghatak ◽  
Michael Mawlong ◽  
B. Susngi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Group ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

HLA class II genotyping: two assay systems compared

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Thonnard ◽  
F Deldime ◽  
M Heusterspreute ◽  
B Delepaut ◽  
F Hanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Hla Typing ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Typing Methods

Abstract In the last few years, a variety of DNA-based human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing methods have emerged, revealing the extreme polymorphism of HLA genes. This polymorphism makes it difficult for a clinical laboratory to establish the best HLA typing strategy. In this study we have compared two techniques for performing HLA-DRB typing: a commercial rapid assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by reverse dot-blot hybridization of the PCR products (the Inno-LiPA assay), and a method based on PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We found that both methods provide reliable results with a high rate of concordance (97%) and that Inno-LiPA is convenient for large-scale routine typing. However, if a high-resolution allelic typing is required, each method lacks accuracy but using them in association improves the accuracy of the results.

scholarly journals Detection and Genotyping of Human Group A Rotaviruses by Oligonucleotide Microarray Hybridization

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2398-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chizhikov ◽  
M. Wagner ◽  
A. Ivshina ◽  
Y. Hoshino ◽  
A. Z. Kapikian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oligonucleotide Microarray ◽  
Microarray Hybridization ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Group B rotaviruses similar to strain CAL-1, have been circulating in Western India since 1993

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. KELKAR ◽  
J. K. ZADE
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Western India ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Generally, group A rotaviruses are the most common cause of paediatric diarrhoea. However, group B rotavirus, adult diarrhoea rotavirus (ADRV), was found to be involved in epidemics of severe gastroenteritis in several areas of China during 1982–1983 and had resulted in more than one million cases among adults as well as older children. Human group B rotavirus has been rarely reported outside China, but has been detected first from five adults with diarrhoea in Kolkata, India during 1997–1998 (strain CAL-1). During epidemiological studies at the National Institute of Virology (NIV) on hospitalized diarrhoea patients at Pune, India, faecal specimens from patients of >5 years age, which were negative for group A rotavirus by ELISA were tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). We detected rotavirus RNA migration patterns similar to that of group B rotavirus in three faecal specimens from adults, two from the specimens collected in 1993 and one in 1998 from sporadic diarrhoea cases. RT–PCR was carried out using primers derived from gene 8 which codes for the NS2 protein, followed by nested PCR, which confirmed the presence of group B rotavirus in all three specimens. The sequences of the PCR products of NIV specimens were compared with that of CAL-1, ADRV and IDIR (infectious diarrhoea of infant rat) belonging to group B rotaviruses. The sequence analysis of the PCR products showed the highest identity with CAL-1, which was reported from Kolkata, India during 1997–1998. The finding suggests that human group B rotaviruses have been circulating in Pune, India, since 1993. This emerging virus may lead to more severe disease among adults in India. There is a need for surveillance of group B rotavirus infections, especially in adult diarrhoea cases and seroepidemiological studies on group B rotavirus are required among humans and animals of Western Maharashtra, India.

Effect of ovarian steroid hormones and the presence of the fetus on oxytocin gene expression in the uterus

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Higuchi ◽  
C-X Liu ◽  
H Saito ◽  
H Negoro ◽  
S Matsukawa
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Ovarian Steroid ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Pregnant Uterus ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Very High

Abstract Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohypophysial hormone with potent stimulating activity of the pregnant uterus, but its physiological role in parturition is still unclear. Recently, OT was found to be synthesized in the pregnant uterus, indicating that OT originating from the uterus, not from the posterior pituitary gland, may trigger the onset of labour. In order to define the factors responsible for the induction of uterine OT, the effect of ovarian steroid hormones and conceptus on the induction of OT mRNA in the rat uterus was examined by Northern and dot blot hybridization analysis. OT mRNA in the uterus started to increase on day 14 of pregnancy and showed very high levels at the time of parturition. Uterine OT mRNA was not altered by any steroid treatment, oestradiol-17β (0·2 μg), progesterone (4 mg) or both in combination, for 6 days. The gravid horn of the uterus had 3·6-fold as much OT mRNA as the non-gravid horn on day 21 of pregnancy in hemipregnant rats with one ligated oviduct. The ovarian steroid hormones could not induce accumulation of OT mRNA in the uterus of ovariectomized rats, at least under the conditions used, but the presence of a conceptus may be critical for the very high levels of OT mRNA. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 81–85

Changing pattern of human group A rotaviruses: Emergence of G12 as an important pathogen among children in eastern India

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Samajdar ◽  
V. Varghese ◽  
P. Barman ◽  
S. Ghosh ◽  
U. Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern India ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

Molecular analysis of the NSP4 and VP6 genes of rotavirus strains recovered from hospitalized children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Trigueiros Araújo ◽  
Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽  
Joana D'Arc P. Mascarenhas ◽  
Rosane M. Santos Assis ◽  
Alexandre Madi Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Nsp4 Genotype ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Viral Morphogenesis ◽  
Outer Capsid ◽  
Genotype A

Group A rotaviruses are the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in children throughout the world. The two outer capsid proteins, VP4 and VP7, define the P and G genotypes, respectively. Rotaviruses with P[8]G1, P[4]G2, P[8]G3 and P[8]G4 genotypes are predominant in infecting humans and the G9 genotype is emerging in most continents as the fifth most common G type worldwide. The inner capsid protein VP6 is responsible for subgroup (SG) specificities, allowing classification of rotaviruses into SG I, SG II, SG I+II and SG non-I-non-II. The non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) encoded by segment 10 has a role in viral morphogenesis and five genetic groups have been described, NSP4 genotypes A–E. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the NSP4 and VP6 genes of rotavirus strains recovered from hospitalized children. Thirty rotavirus strains were submitted to RT-PCR followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among the different G and P genotype combinations, two distinct genetic groups could be recognized for the NSP4 gene. Twenty-eight clustered with NSP4 genotype B. The two P[4]G2 strains fell into NSP4 genotype A and clustered distinctly, with a 100 % bootstrap value. The strains distinguished within a group were closely related to each other at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the VP6 gene including the human strains RMC100, E210, Wa, US1205 and 1076, and the animal strains Gott, NCDV, SA-11, FI-14 and EW. This is the first report on Brazilian rotavirus strains describing NSP4 genotype A strains associated with VP6 SG I, and NSP4 genotype B strains associated with VP6 SG II.

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