scholarly journals Menarche in primary ovarian insufficiency after a month of hormone replacement therapy: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biwen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Hormonal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Breakthrough Bleeding ◽  
Hormonal Replacement ◽  
Ovarian Dysgenesis

Abstract Background Gynecologic anomalies, including uterine agenesis and ovarian dysgenesis, are some of the several differential diagnoses in adolescent females with primary amenorrhea and delayed puberty. Primary ovarian insufficiency is reported in the clinical practice of reproductive endocrinology can be determined by conducting sex hormone tests to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. However, confirmation of Mullerian agenesis by image modalities can be extremely challenging. Once the diagnosis is established, breakthrough bleeding usually occurs 2 to 3 years after hormonal replacement therapy. Case presentation We report a case of a seventeen year old Taiwanese female, 46 XX karyotype, with ovarian dysgenesis and an initial tentative diagnosis of uterine agenesis who experienced a breakthrough bleeding after a month of hormonal replacement therapy. Conclusions The breakthrough bleeding after a month of estrogen therapy in primary ovarian insufficiency is uncommon, and the diagnosis of the absent uterus can have an extensive psychological impact on patients and their families.

scholarly journals Overview on Hormonal Replacement Therapy in Menopause

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Shaden Akram A. Alanazi ◽  
Atheer Mansour E. Alatawi ◽  
Atheer Salman A. Alhwaiti ◽  
Aumniyat Saad A. Alrashidi ◽  
Ghadah Ali R. Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hormonal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Vasomotor Symptoms ◽  
Hormonal Replacement ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is defined as a therapy that could allow women to free themselves from the malediction of estrogen loss and conserve their femininity. The study aims to summarize the updated evidence regards types, indication, contraindication, and untoward effects of hormonal replacement therapy among menopausal women. There are several different drug classes comprising estrogens, progestogens, and estrogen + progestogen combinations. Estrogen is the primary active component of HRT, treating menopausal symptoms, particularly vasomotor symptoms. There are several adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy that manifest in many different ways depending on the route of administration, and whether that route has local or systemic effects. Further research is needed to study the risks of menopausal HRT and pharmacological studies are needed to lower these risks and make its use safer with less side effects.

Markers of bone remodeling in patients with surgical menopause undergoing hormone replacement therapy with Divigel

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
S. V. Yureneva ◽  
V. P. Smetnik ◽  
N. V. Lyubimova ◽  
V. M. Abaev
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hormonal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Hormonal Replacement ◽  
Surgical Menopause

Twenty women with surgical menopause, 40-50 years of age, received hormonal replacement therapy with transdermic preparation Divigel during 24 months. On the background of therapy with Divigel we witnessed normalization of indeces of osteal remodelingconsiderable decrease pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline, and elevation of alkaline phosphatase. Mineral density of bone tissue in the group of patients with surgical menopause waslowerin comparison with control (p0,01). Divigeltumedto exertprotective influence on the bone tissue inpatients with osteoporosis irrespective о f duration о f surgical menopause by the beginning of therapy.

Mammography in women undergoing hormone replacement therapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rand ◽  
G. Heytmanek ◽  
M. Seifert ◽  
P. Wunderbaldinger ◽  
S. Kreuzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hormonal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Breast Parenchyma ◽  
Hormonal Replacement ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Purpose: A retrospective study of screen-film mammographs was perfomed in 960 postmenopausal women to evaluate the possible effects of hormonal replacement therapy on the breast parenchymal pattern. Material and Methods: Screen-film mammographs of 754 women (mean age 51.4 years) who had undergone hormonal replacement therapy (estrogen, gestagen; mean duration 2.4 years) were compared with findings in 206 women who had not received hormonal replacement therapy (mean age 52.3 years). Mastopathic changes were analyzed according to a 4-grade scale and the incidence of circumscribed lesions (such as fibroadenomas, cysts and malignancies) was further evaluated. Results: in the treated women we found moderate mastopathic changes in 47.2%, intermediate changes in 2.4%, and extensive proliferations in 0.7%. for the untreated women the corresponding figures were 33.5%, 4.8%, and 1.4%. in the treated patients fibroadenomas were apparent in 3.9%, cystic lesions in 3.3%, and malignant lesions in 1.4%. in the untreated women fibroadenomas were evident in 11.6%, cystic lesions in 7.2%, and malignant lesions in 2.4%. Conclusion: Mastopathic changes might increase under hormonal replacement therapy. However, the higher incidence of circumscribed lesions in the untreated women might be due to the higher number of symptomatic women who sought examination. We also speculate as to whether the increased density of the breast parenchyma in the treated women might cause a higher number of mammographically undedectable lesions.

scholarly journals Optimizing Fertility in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuly C. Piedade ◽  
Hillary Spencer ◽  
Luca Persani ◽  
Lawrence M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Oocyte Donation ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Major Mechanism

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical spectrum of ovarian dysfunction. Overt POI presents with oligo/amenorrhea and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism before age 40 years. Overt POI involves chronic health problems to include increased morbidity and mortality related to estradiol deficiency and the associated osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease as well as psychological and psychiatric disorders related to the loss of reproductive hormones and infertility. Presently, with standard clinical testing, a mechanism for Overt POI can only be identified in about 10% of cases. Now discovery of new mechanisms permits an etiology to be identified in a research setting in 25–30% of overt cases. The most common genetic cause of Overt POI is premutation in FMR1. The associated infertility is life altering. Oocyte donation is effective, although many women prefer to conceive with their own ova. Surprisingly, the majority who have Overt POI still have detectable ovarian follicles (70%). The major mechanism of follicle dysfunction in Overt POI has been histologically defined by a prospective NIH study: inappropriate follicle luteinization due to the tonically elevated serum LH levels. A trial of physiologic hormone replacement therapy, clinically proven to suppress the elevated LH levels in these women, may improve follicle function and increase the chance of ovulation. Here, we report the case of a woman with Overt POI diagnosed at age 35 years. To attempt pregnancy, she elected a trial of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in conjunction with follicle monitoring and physiologic hormone replacement therapy. She conceived on the eighth cycle of treatment and delivered a healthy baby. Our report calls for a concerted effort to define the best methods by which to optimize fertility for women who have POI.

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