scholarly journals Effect of different sweeteners on the oral microbiota and immune system of Sprague Dawley rats

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Cheng ◽  
Xiurong Guo ◽  
Feihong Huang ◽  
Hui Lei ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Function

AbstractSucrose, xylose, and saccharin are commonly used beverage additives and long-term consumption of these compounds inevitably affects the oral immune system and the composition of oral microbiomes. In this study, we used 24 Sprague Dawley rats divided into four groups, i.e., sucrose, saccharin, xylose, or pure water treated over an eight week period to evaluate any changes in the composition, community structure, and function of the oral microbiomes. At the end of the treatment period, we collected oral microbiome samples from each animal and subjected them to high-throughput sequencing. We also used ELISA to determine the concentration of salivary immunoglobulin in these rats to reveal the effect of sweetener on the oral immune system. Sequencing results demonstrated that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, remained the predominant phyla, but we found that the oral microbial diversity of rats drinking sucrose water was significantly higher than that of the other groups. Our results indicate that drinking water supplemented with sweeteners may influence oral immunity as well as the composition, metabolic function, and diversity of the oral microbiota, thereby disrupting the oral microbiome.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Sweeteners on the Oral Microbiota and Immune System of Sprague Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Cheng ◽  
Xiurong Guo ◽  
Feihong Huang ◽  
Hui Lei ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Structure And Functions

Abstract Sucrose, xylose, and saccharin are common beverage additives used by humans. Long-term consumption of beverages containing these substances will inevitably affect the oral immune system and the composition of healthy oral microbiomes. In this study, we used 24 Sprague Dawley rats and divided them into four groups. Each group was fed water containing a specific dose of sucrose, saccharin, xylose, or pure water 12 hours a day for eight weeks. To determine the changes in composition, community structure, and functions of the oral microbiomes of rats, we collected oral microbiome samples and subjected them to high-throughput sequencing at the end of eight weeks. Meanwhile, ELISA was performed using the saliva samples from rats to estimate the concentrations of salivary immunoglobulin, to reveal the effect of sweetener on the oral immune system. Sequencing results showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, were the predominant phyla in all the groups. In additions, we found that the oral microbial diversity of rats drinking sucrose water was significantly higher than that of rats in the other groups. Our results indicate that drinking water containing sweeteners could influence oral immunity as well as the composition, metabolic function, and diversity of the oral microbiota, thereby disrupting the original oral micro-ecosystem.

scholarly journals Cardioprotection against Heart Failure by Shenfu Injection via TGF-β/Smads Signaling Pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Ni ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
Jingrui Chen ◽  
Lingyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Myocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Shenfu Injection ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Function

Objective. To explore the potential cardioprotective mechanism of Shenfu injection (SFI) against heart failure (HF) by attenuating myocardial fibrosis and cardiac remodeling.Methods and Results. Four weeks after myocardial infarction (MI), adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized for 4-week treatment with Valsartan, SFI, or vehicle. Echocardiography and hemodynamics were applied to evaluate cardiac functions. Myocardia of coronary artery ligated (CAD) rats were observed to investigate changes in cardiac structure and function. Our findings suggest that treatment with SFI could inhibit progression of myocardial fibrosis and attenuate cardiac remodeling. In addition, SFI decreased expression of Smad2 and Smad3, while increasing the expression of Smad7 through regulation of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway.Conclusion. Treatment with SFI in Sprague Dawley rats improves ventricular structure and function and reduces cardiac fibrosis by ameliorating TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway after ventricular remodeling.

scholarly journals Azadirachta excelsa Improves Renal Morphology and Function in Streptozotocin Induced-Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1307-1320
Author(s):  
Nur Syimal Aain AZMI ◽  
Nooraain HASHIM ◽  
Nurdiana SAMSULRIZAL ◽  
Noor Syaffinaz NOOR ◽  
Mohamad ZIN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Renal Morphology ◽  
And Function

Long term diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with serious complications such as nephropathy. Previous studies revealed the ability of A. excelsa leaf extract treatment to reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of A. excelsa extract in delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy by evaluating the kidney structure and function. The effects were compared with 2 positive controls, which were metformin (standard drug) and quercetin (plant active compound). Induction of diabetic conditions was conducted by the intraperitoneal (IP) injection of STZ (60 mg/kg bwt) in male Sprague Dawley rats. The experimental animals were grouped into: 1) normal control (NC, saline); 2) diabetic control (DC, saline); 3) metformin-treated diabetic rats (DMET, 1000 mg/kg bwt); 4) quercetin-treated diabetic rats (DQ, 40 mg/kg bwt), and 5) A. excelsa-treated diabetic rats (DAE, 250 mg/kg bwt). All treatments were given once daily for 8 weeks through oral gavage. The inter-relation between the changes in the fasting blood glucose and kidney oxidative stress, structure, and function was evaluated. The results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of MDA and SOD level and a decrease (p < 0.05) of GPx levels, plus distortion of renal morphology among the DC and DMET groups. Meanwhile, both DQ and DAE groups showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) of MDA levels and elevation (p < 0.05) of SOD and GPx levels. The quercetin and A. excelsa treatments also improved the kidney function parameters and morphological changes of the diabetic rats. These findings indicate that quercetin and A. excelsa possess renal therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals Potential use of molecular and structural characterization of the gut bacterial community for postmortem interval estimation in Sprague Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Li ◽  
Siruo Zhang ◽  
Ruina Liu ◽  
Lu Yuan ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Taxon Richness ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Species Taxon

AbstractOnce the body dies, the indigenous microbes of the host begin to break down the body from the inside and play a key role thereafter. This study aimed to investigate the probable shift in the composition of the rectal microbiota at different time intervals up to 15 days after death and to explore bacterial taxa important for estimating the time since death. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes showed major shifts when checked at 11 different intervals and emerged at most of the postmortem intervals. At the species level, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis showed a downward and upward trend, respectively, after day 5 postmortem. The phylum-, family-, genus-, and species-taxon richness decreased initially and then increased considerably. The turning point occurred on day 9, when the genus, rather than the phylum, family, or species, provided the most information for estimating the time since death. We constructed a prediction model using genus-level data from high-throughput sequencing, and seven bacterial taxa, namely, Enterococcus, Proteus, Lactobacillus, unidentified Clostridiales, Vagococcus, unidentified Corynebacteriaceae, and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, were included in this model. The abovementioned bacteria showed potential for estimating the shortest time since death.

Lung Structure And Function Relation In Elastase-Treated Rats: A Long-Term Follow Up Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit V. Szabari ◽  
Jozsef Tolnai ◽  
Balazs Maar ◽  
Harikrishnan Parameswaran ◽  
Elizabeth Bartolak-Suki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
And Function ◽  
Function Relation

Long-term exposure of Sprague Dawley rats to 20 kHz triangular magnetic fields

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Lee ◽  
S. H. Kim ◽  
S. Y. Choi ◽  
Y. M. Gimm ◽  
J. K. Pack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats
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