scholarly journals Biosynthesis and regulation of terpenoids from basidiomycetes: exploration of new research

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Rui Cao ◽  
Yuna Zhang ◽  
Pengyan Qi ◽  
Lizhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Heterologous Production ◽  
Terpenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
New Research ◽  
Application Requirements

AbstractBasidiomycetes, also known as club fungi, consist of a specific group of fungi. Basidiomycetes produce a large number of secondary metabolites, of which sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and triterpenoids are the primary components. However, these terpenoids tend to be present in low amounts, which makes it difficult to meet application requirements. Terpenoid biosynthesis improves the quantity of these secondary metabolites. However, current understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of terpenoids in basidiomycetes is insufficient. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in basidiomycetes and summarizes the CYP450 involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids in basidiomycetes. We also propose opportunities and challenges for chassis microbial heterologous production of terpenoids in basidiomycetes and provide a reference basis for the better development of basidiomycete engineering.

scholarly journals Terpenoid Biosynthesis Dominates among Secondary Metabolite Clusters in Mucoromycotina Genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Koczyk ◽  
Julia Pawłowska ◽  
Anna Muszewska
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Terpenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Model ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
The Core ◽  
Domain Composition ◽  
Peptide Synthetase

Early-diverging fungi harbour unprecedented diversity in terms of living forms, biological traits and genome architecture. Before the sequencing era, non-Dikarya fungi were considered unable to produce secondary metabolites (SM); however, this perspective is changing. The main classes of secondary metabolites in fungi include polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, terpenoids and siderophores that serve different biological roles, including iron chelation and plant growth promotion. The same classes of SM are reported for representatives of early-diverging fungal lineages. Encouraged by the advancement in the field, we carried out a systematic survey of SM in Mucoromycotina and corroborated the presence of various SM clusters (SMCs) within the phylum. Among the core findings, considerable representation of terpene and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like candidate SMCs was found. Terpene clusters with diverse domain composition and potentially highly variable products dominated the landscape of candidate SMCs. A uniform low-copy distribution of siderophore clusters was observed among most assemblies. Mortierellomycotina are highlighted as the most potent SMC producers among the Mucoromycota and as a source of novel peptide products. SMC identification is dependent on gene model quality and can be successfully performed on a batch scale with genomes of different quality and completeness.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Wireless Indoor Localization Techniques and System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Farid ◽  
Rosdiadee Nordin ◽  
Mahamod Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Location Estimation ◽  
Wireless Localization ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Real Time Tracking ◽  
New Research ◽  
Application Requirements ◽  
Closed Environment ◽  
Wireless Indoor Localization

The advances in localization based technologies and the increasing importance of ubiquitous computing and context-dependent information have led to a growing business interest in location-based applications and services. Today, most application requirements are locating or real-time tracking of physical belongings inside buildings accurately; thus, the demand for indoor localization services has become a key prerequisite in some markets. Moreover, indoor localization technologies address the inadequacy of global positioning system inside a closed environment, like buildings. Based on this, though, this paper aims to provide the reader with a review of the recent advances in wireless indoor localization techniques and system to deliver a better understanding of state-of-the-art technologies and motivate new research efforts in this promising field. For this purpose, existing wireless localization position system and location estimation schemes are reviewed, as we also compare the related techniques and systems along with a conclusion and future trends.

The expanding roles of c-di-GMP in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides and secondary metabolites

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Xun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Bacterial Exopolysaccharide

This review summarizes our current understanding of the regulation of the production of bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) by the cellular messenger c-di-GMP. The emerging role of c-di-GMP in the biosynthesis of small-molecule secondary metabolites is also discussed.

scholarly journals Production of bioactive plant secondary metabolites through in vitro technologies—status and outlook

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wawrosch ◽  
Sergey B. Zotchev
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Heterologous Production ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

AbstractMedicinal plants have been used by mankind since ancient times, and many bioactive plant secondary metabolites are applied nowadays both directly as drugs, and as raw materials for semi-synthetic modifications. However, the structural complexity often thwarts cost-efficient chemical synthesis, and the usually low content in the native plant necessitates the processing of large amounts of field-cultivated raw material. The biotechnological manufacturing of such compounds offers a number of advantages like predictable, stable, and year-round sustainable production, scalability, and easier extraction and purification. Plant cell and tissue culture represents one possible alternative to the extraction of phytochemicals from plant material. Although a broad commercialization of such processes has not yet occurred, ongoing research indicates that plant in vitro systems such as cell suspension cultures, organ cultures, and transgenic hairy roots hold a promising potential as sources for bioactive compounds. Progress in the areas of biosynthetic pathway elucidation and genetic manipulation has expanded the possibilities to utilize plant metabolic engineering and heterologous production in microorganisms. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the in vitro production of high-value plant secondary metabolites of medicinal importance.Key points• Bioactive plant secondary metabolites are important for current and future use in medicine• In vitro production is a sustainable alternative to extraction from plants or costly chemical synthesis• Current research addresses plant cell and tissue culture, metabolic engineering, and heterologous production Graphical abstract

Promoter Screening Facilitates Heterologous Production of Complex Secondary Metabolites in Burkholderiales Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ouyang ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Lin Zhong ◽  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Heterologous Production

Problem of Biomechanical Grippers Identifications Et’s Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Juraj Smrcek ◽  
Peter Tuleja
Keyword(s):  
Model Identification ◽  
Biological Model ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Application Requirements

The specific group grippers are biomechanical grippers, whose shape and construction are analogical to biological model (human hand). These constructions are arranged into category of “intelligent grippers” recently. The analysis of gripping the objects by biomechanical grippers and consequently setting of the model identification of related characteristics and parameter are possible to base on the principles shown. It is possible to secure reliable and safe clamping of manipulated objects in the period of gripper design. This paper gives knowledge from the solution of system problems of manipulated object gripping in the realisation of elements “gripper – manipulated object application requirements” in the period of gripper design.

scholarly journals Illuminating Xist

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Heather Coker ◽  
Benoit Moindrot ◽  
Greta Pintacuda ◽  
Neil Brockdorff
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Central Dogma ◽  
Specific Transcript ◽  
Research Techniques ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
New Research

The Central Dogma proposed that RNA, encoded by DNA in the genome, acts as the template used by cells for protein production. The simplicity of RNA as a discrete mediator of information has subsequently been challenged by the discovery of non-protein-coding RNAs. Understanding of this intricate new field has been fuelled by the development of new research techniques. In this article, we consider how recent advances in microscopy have added to our current understanding of the non-coding RNA Xist (X-inactive specific transcript).

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis and prediction of genes involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and bioactive secondary metabolites in high-temperature-tolerant of wild Flammulina filiformis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Jia-Mei Li ◽  
Yan-Jing Tang ◽  
Ke Ma ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Type I ◽  
Terpenoid Biosynthesis

Abstract Background: Flammulina filiformis (=Asian “F.velutipes”) is a popular commercial edible mushroom. Many bioactive compounds with medicinal effects, such as polysaccharides and sesquiterpenoids, have been isolated and identified from F. filiformis, but their biosynthesis and regulation at the molecular level remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the genome of the wild strain F. filiformis Liu355, predicated its the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and profiled the expression of these genes in wild and cultivar strains and in different developmental stages of the wild F. filiformis strain by a comparative transcriptomic analysis. Results: We found that the genome of the F. filiformis was 35.01 M bp in length and harbored 10396 gene models. Thirteen putative terpenoid gene clusters were predicted and 12 sesquiterpene synthase genes belonging to four different groups and two type I polyketide synthase gene clusters were identified in the F. filiformis genome. The number of genes related to terpenoid biosynthesis was higher in the wild strain (119 genes) than in the cultivar strain (81 genes). Most terpenoid biosynthesis genes were upregulated in the primordium and fruiting body of the wild strain, while the polyketide synthase genes were generally upregulated in the mycelium of the wild strain. Moreover, genes encoding UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, which are involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis, had relatively high transcript levels both in the mycelium and fruiting body of the wild F. filiformis strain. Conclusions: F. filiformis is enriched in a number of gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and terpenoid bioactive compounds and these genes usually display differential expression between wild and cultivar strains, even in different developmental stages. This study expands our knowledge of the biology of F. filiformis and provides valuable data for elucidating the regulation of secondary metabolites in this unique F. filiformis strain.

scholarly journals Streptomyces as Microbial Chassis for Heterologous Protein Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soonkyu Hwang ◽  
Yongjae Lee ◽  
Ji Hun Kim ◽  
Gahyeon Kim ◽  
Hyeseong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Heterologous Protein Expression ◽  
Tool Development ◽  
Heterologous Production ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Rational Engineering ◽  
Design Build

Heterologous production of recombinant proteins is gaining increasing interest in biotechnology with respect to productivity, scalability, and wide applicability. The members of genus Streptomyces have been proposed as remarkable hosts for heterologous production due to their versatile nature of expressing various secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and secretory enzymes. However, there are several issues that limit their use, including low yield, difficulty in genetic manipulation, and their complex cellular features. In this review, we summarize rational engineering approaches to optimizing the heterologous production of secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins in Streptomyces species in terms of genetic tool development and chassis construction. Further perspectives on the development of optimal Streptomyces chassis by the design-build-test-learn cycle in systems are suggested, which may increase the availability of secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins.

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