scholarly journals Estimating the supply of oilseed acreage for sustainable aviation fuel production: taking account of farmers’ willingness to adopt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conner J. McCollum ◽  
Steven M. Ramsey ◽  
Jason S. Bergtold ◽  
Graciela Andrango
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Abstract Background Continued progress towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions will require efforts across many industries. Though aviation is estimated to account for modest portions of global greenhouse gas emissions, these shares may grow as the industry expands. The use of biomass- and crop-based sustainable aviation fuels can help reduce emissions in the industry. However, limited feedstock supplies are a barrier to increased use of these fuels. This study examines the potential supply of feedstock from oilseeds and farmer willingness to produce oilseed crops under contract for sustainable aviation fuel production with a focus on canola and similar oilseed feedstocks (e.g., rapeseed). Stated-choice survey data is used to examine the contract and crop features that drive contract acceptance in six states located in the U.S. Great Plains and Pacific Northwest and then acreage supply curves are estimated for canola using secondary data. Main findings The estimated number of acres supplied under contract varies considerably across states and scenarios. Relatedly, estimated supply curves exhibit high degrees of price responsiveness. Of the states analyzed, oilseed acreages supplied under contract are generally found to be greatest in Kansas and North Dakota. Conclusions Results suggest that in the absence of favorable contract and crop scenarios canola and other oilseed prices will need to considerably increase from typical levels to induce higher levels of supplied acres. The presence of crop insurance, shorter contract lengths that provide cost sharing and the availability of particular crop attributes are shown to diminish the need for higher canola and other oilseed prices.

Analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from 10 biogas plants within the agricultural sector

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liebetrau ◽  
T. Reinelt ◽  
J. Clemens ◽  
C. Hafermann ◽  
J. Friehe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Generation Unit

With the increasing number of biogas plants in Germany the necessity for an exact determination of the actual effect on the greenhouse gas emissions related to the energy production gains importance. Hitherto the life cycle assessments have been based on estimations of emissions of biogas plants. The lack of actual emission evaluations has been addressed within a project from which the selected results are presented here. The data presented here have been obtained during a survey in which 10 biogas plants were analysed within two measurement periods each. As the major methane emission sources the open storage of digestates ranging from 0.22 to 11.2% of the methane utilized and the exhaust of the co-generation units ranging from 0.40 to 3.28% have been identified. Relevant ammonia emissions have been detected from the open digestate storage. The main source of nitrous oxide emissions was the co-generation unit. Regarding the potential of measures to reduce emissions it is highly recommended to focus on the digestate storage and the exhaust of the co-generation.

scholarly journals A Portfolio Policy Package to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Freebairn
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Portfolio Policy

Arguments for a portfolio of price, regulation and subsidy policy interventions to reduce the production and consumption of greenhouse gas emissions are presented. The operation and effects of each intervention are described and compared. A combination of different sets of market failures across the many potential decision changes available to producers and consumers to reduce emissions and different properties of the mitigation instruments support a portfolio approach to reduce emissions at a low cost.

scholarly journals Life-cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from renewable jet fuel production

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierk de Jong ◽  
Kay Antonissen ◽  
Ric Hoefnagels ◽  
Laura Lonza ◽  
Michael Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from New Zealand pasture-based livestock farm systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinead C. Leahy ◽  
Laura Kearney ◽  
Andy Reisinger ◽  
Harry Clark
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Livestock Farming Systems ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
On Farm

The reduction of the agricultural greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide is likely to play an important role in New Zealand’s transition to a low-emissions economy. A limited range of options currently exists to reduce emissions from pasture-based livestock farming systems. However, several promising options are under development which have the potential to considerably reduce on-farm emissions, such as inhibitors and vaccines. On-farm forestry can be used to offset emissions through carbon sequestration in trees, but more scientifically robust and consistent evidence is needed if soil carbon sequestration is to be used to offset New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Evaluating the greenhouse gas emissions of the Ontario craft beer industry: an assessment of challenges and benefits of greenhouse gas accounting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Anne Aiko Shin
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Bottle Production

Ontario, Canada’s cap and trade program, a provincial tool for carbon regulation, came into effect January 1, 2017. While larger companies are targeted from this policy, both large and small companies have a responsibility to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Craft brewing in Ontario is growing, however industry GHGs have not been comprehensively studied. The purpose of this research is to measure the GHGs of an Ontario craft brewery, investigate the challenges and benefits to calculating GHGs, and evaluate Ontario craft brewers’ perceptions of carbon pricing policy. This research found that indirect sources account for the majority of GHGs, particularly from barley agriculture, malted barley transportation, and bottle production. Direct emissions account for the least GHGs. This research found that the main challenges in calculating Ontario brewery GHGs are secondary data availability, technical knowledge, and finances. The main benefits for breweries include sustainability marketing, and preserving the environment.

Technologies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Fossil Fuels

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Audus ◽  
Paul Freund
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
And Storage

In recent years, the possibility of climate change has begun to be considered seriously. Options available today can help reduce emissions at relatively little overall cost but may be able to achieve only moderate reductions. If it becomes necessary to reduce emissions further, it is likely there will be opportunities for new technologies as well as making greater use of existing ones. Bearing in mind the time required to develop and deploy new energy supply technologies on a large-scale, it is only sensible to adopt a precautionary stance. This requires better understanding of the potential of technologies not yet in widespread use and stimulation of the development and deployment of promising ones. The EEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme is working to improve understanding of technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. This is an example of effective co-operative action between different countries and industries. Membership is worldwide; through this work, members are able to learn about new technologies and share experiences. This paper reviews the work of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme. The established options for reducing emissions include improving energy efficiency, substitution of lower-carbon fuels for high-carbon fuels, and introduction of alternative energy sources. If deep reductions in emissions are required, discussion tends to focus on alternatives to fossil fuels even though the latter provide a very large proportion of the energy used today. To avoid disruptive changes, the world will need to be able to continue using fossil fuels but in a climate-friendly way. Capture and storage of carbon dioxide could deliver deep reductions in emissions from fossil fuels but the technology is still in its infancy — this is the subject of on-going work by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme. Enhancement of natural sinks, such as forests, could also help by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. Use of biomass for power generation has also been examined to see how it compares as a large-scale mitigation option compared with capture and storage. Methane is another important greenhouse gas, produced by many human activities. Technology can help reduce emissions of methane; examples of some of these technologies will be described. The mechanism of Activities Implemented Jointly is potentially important for application of all of these options and the Greenhouse Gas Programme is working to improving understanding about viable options and methods of delivering successful projects.

scholarly journals Market-based Policy Options to Control U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert E Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The United States is moving closer to enacting a policy to reduce domestic emissions of greenhouse gases. A key element in any plan to reduce emissions will be to place a price on greenhouse gas emissions. This paper discusses the different approaches that can be taken to price emissions and assesses their strengths and weaknesses.

FISHING FROM THE SAME POOL: THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE ON LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS IN SCOTLAND AND THE US PACIFIC NORTHWEST

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250011 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY JACKSON ◽  
BARBARA ILLSLEY ◽  
WILLIAM LYNCH
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Change

The impact of environmental governance on the delivery of local climate change plans is examined by comparing two transatlantic sub-national jurisdictions which have adopted stringent targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: Scotland and the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. The former relies on dirigiste top-down environmental governance, through which central government sets targets and imposes statutory duties that apply equally to all local councils. In the latter, a bottom-up multi-level form of environmental governance has emerged to compensate for the absence of a federal mandate. Specific action plans from a climate change pioneer in each location are assessed to test the strengths and limitations of these alternative modes of environmental governance: Portland in Oregon and Fife in Scotland. The Scottish dirigiste approach offers its local councils a consistent policy framework, allowing them to focus on specific measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while avoiding concerns about free-rider effects from non-participating councils. The asymmetrical uptake of climate change measures by United States municipalities exposes their domestic market to the risks of carbon leakage that America sought to avoid in global markets during negotiations over the Kyoto Protocol.

scholarly journals The State of Experimental Research on Community Interventions to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions - A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Biglan ◽  
Andrew C. Bonner ◽  
Magnus Johansson ◽  
Jessica L. Ghai ◽  
Mark J. Van Ryzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Community Interventions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Implementing Strategies

This paper reviews research on community efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We conducted a systematic search of relevant literature and supplemented our findings with an analysis of review papers previously published on the topic. The results indicate that little experimental evaluation exists on community interventions to reduce greenhouse gases, limiting the conclusions which can be made about the efficacy of these efforts. As a result, we are not accumulating effective interventions and some communities may be implementing strategies that are not effective. We advocate the development of interdisciplinary programs of research that experimentally evaluate comprehensive community interventions. Such interventions would attempt to engage every sector of the community in identifying and implementing policies and practices to reduce emissions. Such interventions are likely to have synergistic effects, such that the total impact is greater than the sum of impact of individual components. We describe the value of interrupted time-series designs as an alternative to randomized trials because these designs are more feasible for evaluating strategies in entire communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document