scholarly journals Intermittent face cooling reduces perceived exertion during exercise in a hot environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Miyazawa ◽  
Mirai Mizutani ◽  
John Patrick Sheahan ◽  
Daisuke Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Facial Cooling ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Face Cooling

Abstract Background Facial cooling (FC) is effective in improving endurance exercise performance in hot environments. In this study, we evaluated the impact of intermittent short-lasting FC on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise. Methods Ten healthy men performed 40 continuous minutes of ergometric cycle exercise at 65% of the peak heart rate in a climatic chamber controlled at an ambient temperature of 35 °C and a relative humidity of 50%. In the control (CONT) trial, the participants performed the exercise without FC. In two cooling trials, each participant underwent 10 s of FC at 2- (FC2) and 4-min (FC4) intervals while continuing to exercise. FC was achieved by applying two soft-gel packs (cooled to 0 °C) directly and bilaterally on the forehead, eyes, and cheeks. In another cooling trial, 10 s of FC was performed at 2-min intervals using two soft-gel packs cooled to 20 °C (FC2-20). Results The RPE values in the FC4 trial were significantly lower than those in the CONT trial at 20 min (FC4, 11.6 ± 2.2 points; CONT, 14.2 ± 1.3 points; P < 0.01). Further, significant differences in the RPE values were observed between the FC4 and CONT trials at 5–15 min and 25–40 min (P < 0.05). RPE values were also significantly lower in the FC2 trial than in the CONT trial (5–40 min). Although the RPE values in the FC2-20 trial were significantly lower (5–10 min; 15–20 min) than those in the CONT trial, there were no significant differences in the RPE between the FC2-20 and CONT trials at 25–40 min. At 35 min, the RPE values were significantly higher in the FC2-20 trial than in the FC2 trial (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intermittent short-lasting FC was associated with a decrease in RPE, with shorter intervals and lower temperatures eliciting greater attenuation of increase in the RPE.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis on the Cooling Performance of a Hybrid Personal Cooling System (HPCS) under Different Hot Environments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanxiao Kang ◽  
Xianfu Wan ◽  
Faming Wang ◽  
Uday Raj ◽  
Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Personal Cooling

The hybrid personal cooling system (HPCS) consisted of ventilation fans and phase change materials (PCMs) covered with insulation pads is a promising wearable cooling system to mitigate heat strain and heat-related illnesses of occupational workers with heavy labor in hot environments. Effects of clothing characteristics (e.g., thermal resistance of insulation pads, latent heat and melting temperature of PCMs) on the thermal performance of the HPCS have been investigated in detail in our previous study. Apart from the aforementioned factors, environmental conditions, i.e., environmental temperature and relative humidity, also significantly affect the thermal performance of the HPCS. In this paper, a numerical parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of the environmental temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the thermal management of the HPCS. Five levels of air temperature under environmental RH=50% were chosen (i.e., 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 ºC) to study the impact of environmental temperature on the HPCS’s cooling performance. In addition, four levels of environmental RH at ambient temperatures of 36 and 40 ºC were selected (i.e., 30, 50, 70 and 90%) to examine the effect of RH on cooling performance of the HPCS. Results show that high environmental temperatures could accelerate the PCM melting process and thereby weaken the cooling performance of HPCS. In the moderately hot environment (36 °C), the HPCS presented good cooling performance with the maximum core temperature at around 37.5 °C during excise when the ambient RH≤70%, whereas good cooling performance could be only seen under RH≤50% in the extremely hot environment (40 °C). Thus, it may be concluded that the maximum environmental RH for the HPCS exhibiting good cooling performance decreases with the increase in the environmental temperature.

scholarly journals Impact of Hydration Status on Electromyography and Ratings of Perceived Exertion During the Vertical Jump

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paul T Donahue ◽  
Samuel J Wilson ◽  
Charles C Williams ◽  
Melinda Valliant ◽  
John C Garner
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
The Impact

Background: The vertical jumping task is commonly used to assess lower-body power output in athletic populations, in addition to being commonly used to during investigations of hydration and anaerobic performance. Changes in neuromuscular function during a hypohydrated state have been proposed as a potential mechanism to decreases in anaerobic performance. Objectives: The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of hydration state on electromyography during the vertical jumping task. Methods: Twenty recreationally trained males were tested in three hydration conditions (hypohydrated, euhydrated, and control). Testing included maximal voluntary contractions of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, semitendinosus and medial gastrocnemius. Participants performed three maximal countermovement and squat jumps respectively for a total of six jumps in each condition. Both mean muscle activity and percentage of maximal voluntary contraction were calculated across the propulsive phase of each jump. Additionally, measures of RPE and the use of a mood rating scale were used as subjective measures. Results: No differences were seen in mean muscle activity and percentage of MVC in either of the jumping conditions (p > 0.05). Significant differences were seen with higher ratings of perceived exertion as well as lower levels of mood ratings after the hypohydrated condition (p = 0.02 and p = 0.048 respectively). Conclusions: Decrements seen in vertical jump performance during a hypohydrated state appear to be caused from changes other than neuromuscular function and muscle activity. Differences in subjective measures may provide insight into changes in motivational levels and potentially impacting performance.

The perceptual, heart rate and technical-tactical characteristics of 3 × 3 basketball

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 772-782
Author(s):  
Riley B McGown ◽  
Nick B Ball ◽  
Jan S Legg ◽  
Jocelyn K Mara
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Physical Preparation ◽  
Pool Game

The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptual, heart rate and technical-tactical characteristics of elite male and female 3 × 3 basketball games. Eleven male and twenty-two female elite basketball players were monitored using heart rate telemetry, Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and video analysis across three 3 × 3 basketball tournaments. Linear mixed models were performed to determine the influence of round (pool game, quarter-final, semi-final, final, classification game) and sex on all dependent variables (alpha = 0.05). There was no difference between sexes for heart rate variables (p = 0.53 - 0.85). The greatest percentage (56.9 ± 20.1%) of game time was spent in heart rate zone 5 (90-100% peak heart rate). Overall RPE was higher in semi-finals (7.2 ± 1.5, p ≤ 0.001, ES: 1.27) and finals (7.7 ± 1.6 p ≤ 0.001, ES: 1.67) compared to pool games (5.1 ± 1.5). An analysis of the technical-tactical actions revealed that there were less steals in semi-finals (p = 0.01, ES = 0.56) and finals (p = 0.01, ES = 0.71) compared to pool games, with no sex-related differences present (p = 0.06 - 0.97). Players generally spent one minute on the bench for every three minutes on the court, creating a 3:1 work to rest ratio. Physical preparation programs for elite 3 × 3 basketball athletes should include exposure to high-intensity activity in which heart rates ≥80% of peak heart rate are reached for periods of time similar to that experienced during gameplay. A 3:1 work-to-rest ratio may be beneficial during conditioning training for this population.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cell Phone Functions on the Intensity and Liking of Bike Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rebold ◽  
◽  
Mallory S. Kobak ◽  
Kaitlyn Morse ◽  
Lauren Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
College Age ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the effect of cell phone use (e.g., texting, talking, and listening to music) during 30-minute bouts of bike exercise and its affects on intensity (e.g., heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion) and liking (e.g., enjoyment). Thirty college-age students participated in four, separate, 30-minute exercise conditions (texting, talking, music, and control) on a bike in a randomized order. Heart rate was significantly (t  4.54, p  0.004) higher when comparing the music (147.58  4.19 beatsmin-1 ) to the texting (117.79  3.42 beatsmin-1 ) and talking (122.89  3.89 beatsmin-1 ) conditions. Ratings of perceived exertion was significantly (t = 2.1, p = 0.05) higher when comparing the texting (11.4  0.45) to the control (10.06  0.52) condition. Liking was significantly (t = 3.85, p = 0.01) higher when comparing the talking (7.64  0.63) to the control (6.2  0.71) condition. Liking was also significantly (t = 3.09, p = 0.01) higher when comparing the music (8.27  0.38) to the control condition. In conclusion, using your cell phone for texting and talking instead of listening to music can interfere with bike exercise, resulting in reduced exercise intensity and enjoyment, and perceiving exercise to be more difficult than what it really is.

Cognitive Fatigue Effects on Physical Performance During Running

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare MacMahon ◽  
Linda Schücker ◽  
Norbert Hagemann ◽  
Bernd Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cognitive Fatigue ◽  
Physical Task ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Completion Times

This study investigated the effect of cognitive fatigue on physical performance in a paced running task. Experienced runners (n = 20) performed two 3,000-m runs on an indoor track, once after cognitive fatigue, and once under nonfatigued conditions. Completion times were significantly slower in the cognitive fatigue condition (M = 12:11,88 min, SD = 0:54,26), compared with the control condition (M = 11:58,56 min, SD = 0:48,39), F(1, 19) = 8.58, p = .009, eta2p = .31. There were no differences in heart rate, t(17) = 0.13, p > .05, blood lactate levels, t(19) = 1.19, p > .05, or ratings of perceived exertion F(1, 19) = .001, p 3 .05. While previous research has examined the impact of cognitive tasks on physical tasks, this is the first study to examine a self-paced physical task, showing that cognitive activity indeed contributes significantly to overall performance. Specifically, cognitive fatigue increased the perception of exertion, leading to lesser performance on the running task.

RATINGS OF PERCEIVED EXERTION DURING HIGH AND LOW RESISTANCE ANAEROBIC CYCLE EXERCISE

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. S84
Author(s):  
R F. Gearhart ◽  
M D. Becque ◽  
M D. Hutchins ◽  
C M. Palm ◽  
C J. Cudworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Low Resistance

scholarly journals Prediction of Vo2Peak Using OMNI Ratings of Perceived Exertion from a Submaximal Cycle Exercise Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-881
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Mays ◽  
Fredric L. Goss ◽  
Elizabeth F. Nagle ◽  
Michael Gallagher ◽  
Mark A. Schafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Exercise

scholarly journals The impact of a fast bowling spell on physiological, perceptual and performance responses in non-elite cricketers

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pote ◽  
S Proctor ◽  
K McEwan ◽  
J Davy ◽  
C Christie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Body Discomfort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

 Background: The demands placed on fast bowlers may elicit unique responses that contribute towards increased injury risk and comprised performance capabilities. Despite this, very few investigations have attempted to quantify these demands and their impact on performance in cricketers.  Objective: This investigation attempted to quantify the effects of a fast bowling protocol on the musculoskeletal, physiological and perceptual responses of fast bowlers; as well as ball speed and accuracy.  Methods: Eight young adult bowlers (20 ± 2 years) participated in a 10-over bowling protocol that had been separated by intermittent fielding drills into three bowling spells respectively (4-, 3- and 3- overs). Selected responses were collected throughout the protocol.  Results: Functional strength was measured and showed no change. Heart rate responses increased significantly (p<0.05) at the start of the bowling protocol. Local ratings of perceived exertion increased significantly (p<0.05) as a function of exercise duration, while low to moderate intensities of perceived discomfort were noted in the anterior and posterior shoulder areas, upper portion of the lower limb musculature, as well as in the middle and lower back regions. Performance responses experienced no significant change.  Conclusion: There was no significant change in ball release speed and accuracy across the bowling protocol. Lower limb muscle power remained consistent and heart rates reached a steady state after the first over. In comparison, local ratings of perceived effort and body discomfort increased over time, which could mean that those unchanged measures do not accurately reflect fatigue or that perceptions are a more effective indicator of impending fatigue.  Keywords: accuracy, speed, heart rate, body discomfort, ratings of perceived exertion 

scholarly journals The impact of a fast bowling spell on physiological, perceptual and performance responses in non-elite cricketers

10.17159/5624 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
L Pote ◽  
S Proctor ◽  
K McEwan ◽  
C Christie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Body Discomfort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

 Background: The demands placed on fast bowlers may elicit unique responses that contribute towards increased injury risk and comprised performance capabilities. Despite this, very few investigations have attempted to quantify these demands and their impact on performance in cricketers.  Objective: This investigation attempted to quantify the effects of a fast bowling protocol on the musculoskeletal, physiological and perceptual responses of fast bowlers; as well as ball speed and accuracy.  Methods: Eight young adult bowlers (20 ± 2 years) participated in a 10-over bowling protocol that had been separated by intermittent fielding drills into three bowling spells respectively (4-, 3- and 3- overs). Selected responses were collected throughout the protocol.  Results: Functional strength was measured and showed no change. Heart rate responses increased significantly (p<0.05) at the start of the bowling protocol. Local ratings of perceived exertion increased significantly (p<0.05) as a function of exercise duration, while low to moderate intensities of perceived discomfort were noted in the anterior and posterior shoulder areas, upper portion of the lower limb musculature, as well as in the middle and lower back regions. Performance responses experienced no significant change.  Conclusion: There was no significant change in ball release speed and accuracy across the bowling protocol. Lower limb muscle power remained consistent and heart rates reached a steady state after the first over. In comparison, local ratings of perceived effort and body discomfort increased over time, which could mean that those unchanged measures do not accurately reflect fatigue or that perceptions are a more effective indicator of impending fatigue.  Keywords: accuracy, speed, heart rate, body discomfort, ratings of perceived exertion 

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