scholarly journals Impact of Hydration Status on Electromyography and Ratings of Perceived Exertion During the Vertical Jump

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paul T Donahue ◽  
Samuel J Wilson ◽  
Charles C Williams ◽  
Melinda Valliant ◽  
John C Garner
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
The Impact

Background: The vertical jumping task is commonly used to assess lower-body power output in athletic populations, in addition to being commonly used to during investigations of hydration and anaerobic performance. Changes in neuromuscular function during a hypohydrated state have been proposed as a potential mechanism to decreases in anaerobic performance. Objectives: The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of hydration state on electromyography during the vertical jumping task. Methods: Twenty recreationally trained males were tested in three hydration conditions (hypohydrated, euhydrated, and control). Testing included maximal voluntary contractions of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, semitendinosus and medial gastrocnemius. Participants performed three maximal countermovement and squat jumps respectively for a total of six jumps in each condition. Both mean muscle activity and percentage of maximal voluntary contraction were calculated across the propulsive phase of each jump. Additionally, measures of RPE and the use of a mood rating scale were used as subjective measures. Results: No differences were seen in mean muscle activity and percentage of MVC in either of the jumping conditions (p > 0.05). Significant differences were seen with higher ratings of perceived exertion as well as lower levels of mood ratings after the hypohydrated condition (p = 0.02 and p = 0.048 respectively). Conclusions: Decrements seen in vertical jump performance during a hypohydrated state appear to be caused from changes other than neuromuscular function and muscle activity. Differences in subjective measures may provide insight into changes in motivational levels and potentially impacting performance.

scholarly journals Role of Occupational Footwear and Prolonged Walking on Lower Extremity Muscle Activation during Maximal Exertions and Postural Stability Tasks

Biomechanics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Harish Chander ◽  
Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige ◽  
Alana J. Turner ◽  
Reuben F. Burch V ◽  
Adam C. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: Occupational footwear and a prolonged duration of walking have been previously reported to play a role in maintaining postural stability. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of three types of occupational footwear: the steel-toed work boot (ST), the tactical work boot (TB), and the low-top work shoe (LT) on previously unreported lower extremity muscle activity during postural stability tasks. Methods: Electromyography (EMG) muscle activity was measured from four lower extremity muscles (vastus medialis (VM), medial hamstrings (MH), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) and during a sensory organization test (SOT) every 30 min over a 4 h simulated workload while wearing ST, TB, and LT footwear. The mean MVIC and the mean and percentage MVIC during each SOT condition from each muscle was analyzed individually using a repeated measures ANOVA at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for maximal exertions, but this was limited to only the time main effect. No significant differences existed for EMG measures during the SOT. Conclusion: The findings suggest that occupational footwear type does not influence lower extremity muscle activity during both MVIC and SOT. Significantly lower muscle activity during maximal exertions over the course of the 4 h workload was evident, which can be attributed to localized muscular fatigue, but this was not sufficient to impact muscle activity during postural stability tasks.

scholarly journals Intermittent face cooling reduces perceived exertion during exercise in a hot environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Miyazawa ◽  
Mirai Mizutani ◽  
John Patrick Sheahan ◽  
Daisuke Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Facial Cooling ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Face Cooling

Abstract Background Facial cooling (FC) is effective in improving endurance exercise performance in hot environments. In this study, we evaluated the impact of intermittent short-lasting FC on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise. Methods Ten healthy men performed 40 continuous minutes of ergometric cycle exercise at 65% of the peak heart rate in a climatic chamber controlled at an ambient temperature of 35 °C and a relative humidity of 50%. In the control (CONT) trial, the participants performed the exercise without FC. In two cooling trials, each participant underwent 10 s of FC at 2- (FC2) and 4-min (FC4) intervals while continuing to exercise. FC was achieved by applying two soft-gel packs (cooled to 0 °C) directly and bilaterally on the forehead, eyes, and cheeks. In another cooling trial, 10 s of FC was performed at 2-min intervals using two soft-gel packs cooled to 20 °C (FC2-20). Results The RPE values in the FC4 trial were significantly lower than those in the CONT trial at 20 min (FC4, 11.6 ± 2.2 points; CONT, 14.2 ± 1.3 points; P < 0.01). Further, significant differences in the RPE values were observed between the FC4 and CONT trials at 5–15 min and 25–40 min (P < 0.05). RPE values were also significantly lower in the FC2 trial than in the CONT trial (5–40 min). Although the RPE values in the FC2-20 trial were significantly lower (5–10 min; 15–20 min) than those in the CONT trial, there were no significant differences in the RPE between the FC2-20 and CONT trials at 25–40 min. At 35 min, the RPE values were significantly higher in the FC2-20 trial than in the FC2 trial (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intermittent short-lasting FC was associated with a decrease in RPE, with shorter intervals and lower temperatures eliciting greater attenuation of increase in the RPE.

Effects of Physical Symptoms on Muscle Activity Levels in Skilled Violinists

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM McCrary ◽  
Mark Halaki ◽  
Bronwen J Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Physical symptoms present in a large percentage of instrumental musicians at all levels of expertise, yet the impact of these symptoms on patterns of muscle use and perceived exertion during performance is still unclear. PURPOSE: Quantify the effects of physical symptoms on muscle activity and perceived exertion in skilled violinists during a range of bowing actions. METHODS: Fifty-five professional or university (undergraduate or postgraduate) violinists performed 5 randomly ordered 45-second musical excerpts designed to elicit a range of right arm bowing actions. Surface electromyography data were obtained from 16 muscles of the trunk, shoulder, and right arm during each excerpt performance. Sites of current physical symptoms were reported using a pre-test questionnaire. Average rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for the excerpt performances was obtained immediately after the final excerpt performance. RESULTS: Right upper trapezius muscle activity levels were significantly reduced in participants reporting right shoulder symptoms (p<0.05). Violinists with right wrist symptoms displayed global increases in average muscle activity across all investigated muscles (p<0.03). RPE did not differ significantly between any groups of symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. CONCLUSION: Differential muscle activity patterns appear between right shoulder symptomatic, right wrist symptomatic, and asymptomatic violinists, presenting the possibility of altered biomechanical responses to physical symptoms that vary with symptom location.

EMG Comparison of Selected Ankle Rehabilitation Exercises

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell L. Cordova ◽  
Lisa S. Jutte ◽  
J. Ty Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Ankle Rehabilitation ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Many types of rehabilitation exercises are used to reestablish lower extremity neuromuscular function and strength following ankle injuries. It has not been established which exercise induces the greatest leg muscle activity, which might allow patients to recover more quickly from their injuries. The purpose of this investigation was to establish which exercises induce the most muscle activity in the medial gastrocnemius (MG), peroneus longus (PL), and tibialis anterior (TA), as measured by integrated electromyography (I-EMG). Participants (N= 24, age = 22 ± .59, mass = 63.5 ± 2.1 kg, ht = 165.7 ± 1.2 cm) conducted five repetitions of each of four exercise conditions for 30 s: one-legged stance (OLS), OLS on trampoline (OLST), T-Band kicks (TBK), and OLS perturbations (OLSP). It was found that the TBK exercise induces greater I-EMG in all three muscles, the OLST exercise stimulates more I-EMG activity in the MG and TA, and the OLSP exercise induces greater I-EMG activity in the TA.

scholarly journals A cloth facemask increased ratings of perceived exertion and reduced affect, but did not affect sprint or muscular performance during training in athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Dantas ◽  
Rui Barbosa Neto ◽  
Natália Mendes Guardieiro ◽  
Ana Lucia de Sá Pinto ◽  
Bruno Gualano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Time Interaction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity of using face masks during sports is likely balanced by coaches and athletes between the risk of infection and their impact on exercise performance. To inform this decision, we aimed to test the effects of wearing a cloth face mask on exercise performance and subjective responses during training of track and field athletes. Participants (n=10) performed two training sessions with and without a 3-layered cloth mask in a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design. The training session was designed to simulate the specific demands of the sport that the athletes practiced. The sprint protocol consisted of performing five maximal 30 m sprints, with a passive 4-min interval between runs. Performance variables (sprint time, acceleration) were calculated using the sprint time data. Jump performance was assessed pre- and post-sprints using a countermovement vertical jump. Throughout the training session, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect were collected. There was no evidence of condition x time interactions for sprint time (P=0.21) or acceleration (P=0.47). There was weak evidence of an effect of condition (P=0.05) on RPE, though no evidence of a condition x time interaction (P=0.35). There was moderate evidence of a condition x time interaction (P=0.02) for affect, with lower ratings following sprints 3, 4 and 5 when using the mask. These findings suggest that wearing a mask may negatively impact subjective feelings of training without necessarily harming sprint performance. During an unmitigated epidemic such as in Brazil, the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with wearing a face mask appears to outweigh the increased discomfort and perception of effort related to this safety tool.

Four Days of Blueberry Powder Supplementation Lowers the Blood Lactate Response to Running But Has No Effect on Time-Trial Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Brandenburg ◽  
Luisa V. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Blueberry Supplementation

Blueberries are abundant with anthocyanins possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. As these properties combat fatigue and promote recovery, blueberry supplementation may enhance performance and recovery. Thus, the objectives were to examine the effects of two blueberry supplementation protocols on running performance, physiological responses, and short-term recovery. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled crossover design, 14 runners completed an 8-km time trial (TT) after supplementation with 4 days of blueberries (4DAY), 4 days of a PLA, or 2 days of placebo followed by 2 days of blueberries (2DAY). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were monitored during the TT. Blood lactate, vertical jump, reactive strength index, and salivary markers were assessed before and after. No significant differences were observed for time to complete the TT (PLA: 3,010 ± 459 s; 2DAY: 3,014 ± 488 s; 4DAY: 3,011 ± 423 s), heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, or any of the salivary markers. An interaction effect (p = .027) was observed for blood lactate, with lower post-TT concentrations in 4DAY (5.4 ± 2.0 mmol/L) than PLA (6.6 ± 2.5 mmol/L; p = .038) and 2DAY (7.4 ± 3.4 mmol/L; p = .034). Post-TT decreases in vertical jump height were not different, whereas the decline in reactive strength index was less following 4DAY (−6.1% ± 13.5%) than the other conditions (PLA: −12.6% ± 10.1%; 2DAY: −11.6% ± 11.5%; p = .038). Two days of supplementation did not influence performance or physiological stress. Although 4 days of supplementation did not alter performance, it blunted the increase in blood lactate, perhaps reflecting altered lactate production and/or clearance, and offset the decrease in dynamic muscle function post-TT, as indicated by the reactive strength index differences.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cell Phone Functions on the Intensity and Liking of Bike Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rebold ◽  
◽  
Mallory S. Kobak ◽  
Kaitlyn Morse ◽  
Lauren Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
College Age ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the effect of cell phone use (e.g., texting, talking, and listening to music) during 30-minute bouts of bike exercise and its affects on intensity (e.g., heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion) and liking (e.g., enjoyment). Thirty college-age students participated in four, separate, 30-minute exercise conditions (texting, talking, music, and control) on a bike in a randomized order. Heart rate was significantly (t  4.54, p  0.004) higher when comparing the music (147.58  4.19 beatsmin-1 ) to the texting (117.79  3.42 beatsmin-1 ) and talking (122.89  3.89 beatsmin-1 ) conditions. Ratings of perceived exertion was significantly (t = 2.1, p = 0.05) higher when comparing the texting (11.4  0.45) to the control (10.06  0.52) condition. Liking was significantly (t = 3.85, p = 0.01) higher when comparing the talking (7.64  0.63) to the control (6.2  0.71) condition. Liking was also significantly (t = 3.09, p = 0.01) higher when comparing the music (8.27  0.38) to the control condition. In conclusion, using your cell phone for texting and talking instead of listening to music can interfere with bike exercise, resulting in reduced exercise intensity and enjoyment, and perceiving exercise to be more difficult than what it really is.

Cognitive Fatigue Effects on Physical Performance During Running

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare MacMahon ◽  
Linda Schücker ◽  
Norbert Hagemann ◽  
Bernd Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cognitive Fatigue ◽  
Physical Task ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Completion Times

This study investigated the effect of cognitive fatigue on physical performance in a paced running task. Experienced runners (n = 20) performed two 3,000-m runs on an indoor track, once after cognitive fatigue, and once under nonfatigued conditions. Completion times were significantly slower in the cognitive fatigue condition (M = 12:11,88 min, SD = 0:54,26), compared with the control condition (M = 11:58,56 min, SD = 0:48,39), F(1, 19) = 8.58, p = .009, eta2p = .31. There were no differences in heart rate, t(17) = 0.13, p > .05, blood lactate levels, t(19) = 1.19, p > .05, or ratings of perceived exertion F(1, 19) = .001, p 3 .05. While previous research has examined the impact of cognitive tasks on physical tasks, this is the first study to examine a self-paced physical task, showing that cognitive activity indeed contributes significantly to overall performance. Specifically, cognitive fatigue increased the perception of exertion, leading to lesser performance on the running task.

scholarly journals The Influence of Thermal Alterations on Prefrontal Cortex Activation and Neuromuscular Function during a Fatiguing Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Cyle Phillips ◽  
Derek Verbrigghe ◽  
Alex Gabe ◽  
Brittany Jauquet ◽  
Claire Eischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
And Task

The purpose of this study was to examine prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation, neuromuscular function, and perceptual measures in response to a fatiguing task, following thermal alterations of an exercising arm. Nineteen healthy adults completed three experimental sessions. At baseline, participants performed maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the elbow flexors. Next, participants submerged their right arm in a water bath for 15 min. Cold (C), neutral (N), and hot (H) water temperatures were maintained at 8, 33, and 44 °C, respectively. Following water immersion, participants performed an isometric elbow flexion contraction, at 20% of their MVIC, for 5 min. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), muscular discomfort, and task demands were assessed. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure activation (oxygenation) of the PFC during the fatiguing task. Reductions in MVIC torque at the end of the fatiguing task were greater for the H (25.7 ± 8.4%) and N (22.2 ± 9.6%) conditions, compared to the C condition (17.5 ± 8.9%, p < 0.05). The increase in oxygenation of the PFC was greater for the H (13.3 ± 4.9 μmol/L) and N (12.4 ± 4.4 μmol/L) conditions, compared to the C condition (10.3 ± 3.8 μmol/L, p < 0.001) at the end of the fatiguing task. The increase in RPE, muscular discomfort, and task demands were greater in the H condition compared to the N and C conditions (p < 0.01). These results indicate that precooling an exercising arm attenuates the rise in PFC activation, muscle fatigue, and psychological rating during a fatiguing task.

scholarly journals The impact of a fast bowling spell on physiological, perceptual and performance responses in non-elite cricketers

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pote ◽  
S Proctor ◽  
K McEwan ◽  
J Davy ◽  
C Christie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Body Discomfort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

 Background: The demands placed on fast bowlers may elicit unique responses that contribute towards increased injury risk and comprised performance capabilities. Despite this, very few investigations have attempted to quantify these demands and their impact on performance in cricketers.  Objective: This investigation attempted to quantify the effects of a fast bowling protocol on the musculoskeletal, physiological and perceptual responses of fast bowlers; as well as ball speed and accuracy.  Methods: Eight young adult bowlers (20 ± 2 years) participated in a 10-over bowling protocol that had been separated by intermittent fielding drills into three bowling spells respectively (4-, 3- and 3- overs). Selected responses were collected throughout the protocol.  Results: Functional strength was measured and showed no change. Heart rate responses increased significantly (p<0.05) at the start of the bowling protocol. Local ratings of perceived exertion increased significantly (p<0.05) as a function of exercise duration, while low to moderate intensities of perceived discomfort were noted in the anterior and posterior shoulder areas, upper portion of the lower limb musculature, as well as in the middle and lower back regions. Performance responses experienced no significant change.  Conclusion: There was no significant change in ball release speed and accuracy across the bowling protocol. Lower limb muscle power remained consistent and heart rates reached a steady state after the first over. In comparison, local ratings of perceived effort and body discomfort increased over time, which could mean that those unchanged measures do not accurately reflect fatigue or that perceptions are a more effective indicator of impending fatigue.  Keywords: accuracy, speed, heart rate, body discomfort, ratings of perceived exertion 

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