scholarly journals Modulations of genes related to gut integrity, apoptosis, and immunity underlie the beneficial effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 in broilers fed diets with different protein levels in a necrotic enteritis challenge model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosar Gharib-Naseri ◽  
Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam ◽  
Kiran Doranalli ◽  
Sarbast Kheravii ◽  
Robert A. Swick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Level

Abstract Background The ban of in-feed antimicrobial additives has negatively affected the poultry industry by causing necrotic enteritis (NE) to emerge in the flocks. Alternatives such as Bacillus probiotics have shown to be effective on eliminating the negative effects of this disease. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 (BA) in broiler chickens under NE challenge and/or fed diets with different protein levels. Methods In both experiments, 480 day-old mix-sexed Ross-308 broilers were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. In experiment 1, the factors were NE challenge (yes or no) and probiotic (yes or no). In experiment 2, the factors were dietary crude protein levels (standard or reduced) and probiotic (yes or no) and were used under NE challenge condition. Oral administration of Eimeria oocysts (day 9) followed by inoculation with Clostridium perfringens (day 14 and 15) was used to induce NE challenge. On day 16, two birds from each treatment were gavaged with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) and blood samples were collected for gut integrity evaluation, and jejunal samples were collected for gene expression assay. Results In experiment 1, BA supplementation decreased caspase-3 (CASP3) (P < 0.001) and caspase-8 (CASP8) (P < 0.05) and increased occludin (OCLD) (P < 0.05) expression regardless of the challenge. Additionally, BA supplementation downregulated interfron-γ (IFN-γ) expression (P < 0.01) and upregulated immunoglobulin-G (IgG) (P < 0.01) and immunoglobulin-M (IgM) (P < 0.05) only in challenged birds. In experiment 2, the expression of genes encoding mucin-2 (MUC2) (P < 0.001), tight junction protein-1 (TJP1) (P < 0.05) and OCLD (P < 0.05) were upregulated by the addition of BA in the diet, regardless of the crude protein level. Further, BA supplementation downregulated INF-γ (P < 0.01) and upregulated immunoglobulin-A (IgA) (P < 0.05), IgM (P < 0.05) and IgG (P < 0.01) regardless of the crude protein level. Conclusion These findings suggest that supplementation of BA in broiler diets can improve gut health by modulation of genes related to the mucosal barrier, tight junction, and immunity in broilers challenged by unfavourable conditions such as NE challenge.

scholarly journals Growth and feed utilization of Boer x Kacang crossbred goats offered total mixed rations of different protein and energy levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Simon P. Ginting ◽  
Kiston Simanihuruk ◽  
Antonius Antonius ◽  
Andi Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Crude Protein Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of and feed utilization by Boer x Kacang crosses goats fed on total mixed ration differing in protein and energy levels. Four total mixed rations combination were formulated to contain 16 and 18% crude protein and 2650 and 2850 Kcal ME/ kg DM (dried matter) energy density. Twenty-eight male Boer x Kacang crosses goats (14.5 ± 1.14 kg) and of age ranging from 4 to 5 months were randomly allocated to one of these four TMRs (total mixed rations) (7 animals/TMR). The effects of dietary treatment were assessed using the general linear model and significance of the diet effects was detected using Duncan’s multiple range test. Dry matter intake increased as metabolizable energy density of diet increased from 2650 to 2850 Kcal/kg DM, but it is not affected by increasing crude protein level from 16 to 18%. The average daily gains were not improved (P&gt;0.05) as the crude protein levels and metabolizable energy density of diet increased. Crude protein levels and ME density did not affect (P&gt;0.05) the DM, OM and energy digestibility, but NDF digestibility was affected by the ME density of diets (P&lt;0.05). Daily N intakes were greater (P&lt;0.0%) in goats received diets higher in the crude protein and metabolizable energy levels. At this high rate of feed intake this type of goats are able to gain optimally when offered feed with crude protein level of 16% and metabolizable energy density of 2850 Kcal/kg DM.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Bamei Pig Intestinal Colony Compositional Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Lili Song ◽  
Mingjie Chai ◽  
Yongfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crude Protein Level ◽  
Microbial Diversities

Diets containing different crude protein levels (16%, 14%, and 12%) were created to feed Bamei pigs in order to study the effect of these compositions on intestinal colonies. Therefore, 27 healthy Bamei pigs of similar weight ( 20.99   kg ± 0.16   kg ) were selected and randomly divided into three groups for microbial diversity analysis. The results of this study show that microbial diversities and abundances in Bamei pig jejunum and caecum samples after feeding with different dietary protein levels were significantly different. Dietary crude protein level exerted no significant effect on the Shannon index for cecum microbes in these pigs, while Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices for group I were all significantly higher than those of either the control group or group II ( P < 0.05 ). Indeed, data show that microbial diversities and abundances in the 14% protein level group were higher than those in either the 16% or 12% groups. Dominant bacteria present in jejunum and cecum samples given low-protein diets were members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data show that as dietary crude protein level decreases, representatives of the microbial flora genus Lactobacillus in jejunum and cecum samples gradually increases. Values for the KEGG functional prediction of microbial flora at different dietary protein levels also show that genes of jejunum and cecum microorganisms were mainly enriched in the “metabolism” pathway and indicate that low protein diets increase intestinal metabolic activity. Therefore, we recommend that Bamei pig dietary protein levels are reduced 2% from their existing level of 16% crude protein. We also suggest that essential synthetic amino acids (AA) are added to optimize this ideal protein model as this will increase intestinal flora diversity in these pigs and enhance health. These changes will have a positive effect in promoting the healthy growth of Bamei pigs.

scholarly journals Influence Of Crude Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters of Growing Male Japanese Quail In Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Konan Kouassi Serge-Olivier ◽  
Bleyere Mathieu ◽  
Yves Bénarèce Tra Dje Bi ◽  
Soualio Kamagate ◽  
Paul Angoué
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Crude Protein Level

Purpose: This article aims to evaluate the effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance and some blood biochemical composition of male Japanese quail. Study Design: Qualitative Descriptive Design. Subjects and Methods: Three hundred, three week old apparently healthy male Japanese quail were used in this experiment. The birds were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 3 replicates of 20 birds for 21 days of experimental period and placed in cages, measuring 100 cm (length) x100 cm (width) x 80 cm (height). Group A was fed on diet 1 containing 18% crude protein, Group B was fed on diet 2 containing 20% crude protein, Group C was fed on diet 3 containing 22% crude protein, Group D was fed on diet 4 containing 24% crude protein and Group E was fed on diet 5containing 26% crude protein. All groups were subjected to similar management practices. Results: The findings showed that growth performance parameters significantly improved as dietary crude protein level increased. However dietary protein level beyond 22% has no beneficial effect on growth. Biochemical examination results demonstrated that the crude protein level in diet was not significantly affected the blood glucose, cholesterol,   bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus and liver enzyme activities (ASAT and ALT). However, we noticed a significant effect (P<0.05) about Total protein, Albumin, Urea, Triglycerides, Creatinine and Uric acid. Despite the variation of these parameters, they remain within the normal range. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that dietary protein levels do not affect quail health. The crude protein requirement for Japanese quail from 21 to 42 days old is 22%.

scholarly journals Responses of milk urea nitrogen content to dietary crude protein level and degradability in lactatingHolsteindairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 518-522
Author(s):  
Zhai Sw ◽  
Liu Jx ◽  
Wu Ym ◽  
Ye Ja ◽  
Xu Yn
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Crude Protein Level

&nbsp;Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein level and degradability on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content. In experiment 1, twelve multiparous lactating cows averaging 176 days in milk were divided according to DIM and milk production into three 4 &times; 4 Latin squares with four 2-week periods. Cows were fed four diets with different crude protein levels (13.0, 14.0, 15.0, and 16.0%, DM basis) with isocaloric, respectively. Crude protein levels had a low effect on milk yield and composition (P &gt; 0.05), but a significant effect on MUN content. There were significant differences in the MUN content of cows fed either of the two diets (P &lt; 0.01). In experiment 2, fifteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows averaging 91 days in milk were classified according to DIM and milk production into five 3 &times; 3 Latin squares with three 3-week periods. Cows were fed one of the three isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with RUP being 30.8%, 36.2%, and 41.6% (CP basis), respectively. Milk yield, milk composition, and MUN content were not significantly affected by protein degradability, and there were no significant differences between any two dietary treatments (P &gt; 0.05). These results indicated that MUN might be used as a parameter to monitor the change in dietary protein levels. &nbsp;

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL EXTRACTED FROM Pachira aquatica Aubl

2008 ◽  
Vol 05 (9) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Mairo Fabio CAMARGO
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Crude Protein Level

The Pachira aquática Aubl is an originary tree of the Amazon region and comes being widely used as ornament in the cities. The objective of this work was centered in the characterization of the main chemical properties of the oil and in the determination of the crude protein level of chestnuts produced for such species. The methods used in the analyses of saponificação index, acidity, ester and peroxide had followed the Analytical Norms established by the Institute Adolph Lutz. The crude protein levels was determined through the Kjeldhal half-micron method. The result suggests that the chestnuts of the aquatic Pachira Aubl. may be used as an alternative in the feeding of the population a that presents 12.45% of protein, percentage of tolerable acidity (4,32% ác oléico), index of saponificação and ester inside of the standards recommended for literature (103,86 mgKOH g-1) e (96,46 mgKOH g-1), respectively, and low peroxide index (0,97 mEq kg-1).

Effects of growth and dietary crude protein level until first insemination on milk production during first lactation in Holstein heifers

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashige ISHII ◽  
Kenji KAWASHIMA ◽  
Haruo ORIBE ◽  
Hiromi UEDA ◽  
Toshiya HASUNUMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Level

Practice on improving fattening local cattle production in Vietnam by increasing crude protein level in concentrate and concentrate level

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Van Dung ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Ba ◽  
Nguyen Huu Van ◽  
Le Dinh Phung ◽  
Le Duc Ngoan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Crude Protein Level

scholarly journals Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus on the Basis of Formulated Feed Supply

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Jay Narayan Shrestha ◽  
Prabha Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Crude Protein Level

 Best diet of the fish is the sole of production of aquaculture. Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus on the basis of formulated feed supply was carried out from 7th March to 6th May, 2019 in the laboratory of P.G.Campus, Biratnagar in which 130 juveniles (each of 10±0.11 g.) of catfish were cultured in 13 aquaria feeding with treatment diets having crude protein level 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% for treatment and commercial diet for control. There are no significant differences between the water quality parameters and body weight gain (p>0.05) in all treatments. The highest body weight gain (7.31±0.11 g; 65.20%) and SGR (13.051±1.15 g) was observed in fish fed with T C (45% protein level). This value was lowered than value of control(C) i.e. 7.59±0 g; 69.88% and 13.55±0 g respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best (13.28±1.89 g) in T D (50% protein level feed). Its value was larger (7.52±1.11 g) in T C than C (7.15±0 g). Mortality rate was highest in T C and C i.e. 30% and lowest in T A and T B i.e. 23.33%. Weight gain of the fish increased with increasing protein level in diet till crude protein level 45% then it was dropped at the diet with protein level 50%. The best weight gain was observed in 7th week having crude protein level 45%. The diet with protein level 45% is suggested for farmers concerning the fish (Clarias gariepinus) in the aquaculture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document