scholarly journals Age-period-cohort effects in half a century of motor vehicle theft in the United States

Crime Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Dixon ◽  
Graham Farrell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Motor Vehicle Theft ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Vehicle Theft ◽  
Period Effects

AbstractAdopting and refining O’Brien’s S-constraint approach, we estimate age-period-cohort effects for motor vehicle theft offences in the United States for over half a century from 1960. Taking the well-established late-teen peak offending age as given, we find period effects reducing theft in the 1970 s, and period, but particularly cohort effects, reducing crime from the 1990s onwards. We interpret these effects as consistent with variation in the prevailing level of crime opportunities, particularly the ease with which vehicles could be stolen. We interpret the post-1990s cohort effect as triggered by a period effect that operated differentially by age: improved vehicle security reduced juvenile offending dramatically, to the extent that cohorts experienced reduced offending across the life-course. This suggests the prevailing level of crime opportunities in juvenile years is an important determinant of rates of onset and continuance in offending in birth cohorts. We outline additional implications for research and practice.

scholarly journals Age period cohort analysis of chewing ability in Korea from 2007 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam-Hee Kim ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Chewing Ability ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractThere have been marked improvements in oral health in Korea during the past 10 years, including chewing ability. We sought to disentangle age, period, and cohort effects in chewing ability between 2007 and 2018. We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main variable was chewing difficulty, which was assessed among participants aged 20 years and older. APC analysis revealed three trends in chewing difficulty: (1) there was an increase in chewing difficulty starting at around 60 years of age (age effect), (2) there was a steady decrease in chewing difficulty during the observation period (period effect), and (3) chewing ability improved with each successive generation born after 1951 (cohort effect). Regarding recent improvements in chewing ability, cohort effects were somewhat more important than period effects.

scholarly journals A Long-Term Trend Study of Tuberculosis Incidence in China, India and United States 1992–2017: A Joinpoint and Age–Period–Cohort Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Yiran Cui ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Haoyu Wen ◽  
Zixin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Tuberculosis Incidence ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
China And India

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major infectious diseases with the largest number of morbidity and mortality. Based on the comparison of high and low burden countries of tuberculosis in China, India and the United States, the influence of age-period-cohort on the incidence of tuberculosis in three countries from 1992 to 2017 was studied based on the Global burden of Disease Study 2017. We studied the trends using Joinpoint regression in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR). The regression model showed a significant decreasing behavior in China, India and the United States between 1992 and 2017. Here, we analyzed the tuberculosis incidence trends in China, India, as well as the United States and distinguished age, period and cohort effects by using age-period-cohort (APC) model. We found that the relative risks (RRs) of tuberculosis in China and India have similar trends, but the United States was found different. The period effect showed that the incidence of the three countries as a whole declines with time. The incidence of tuberculosis had increased in most age group. The older the age, the higher the risk of TB incidence. The net age effect in China and India showed a negative trend, while the cohort effect decreased from the earlier birth cohort to the recent birth cohort. Aging may lead to a continuous increase in the incidence of tuberculosis. It is related to the aging of the population and the relative decline of the immune function in the elderly. This should be timely population intervention or vaccine measures, especially for the elderly. The net cohort effect in the United States showed an unfavorable trend, mainly due to rising smoking rates and the emergence of an economic crisis. Reducing tobacco consumption can effectively reduce the incidence.

Constitutional Law in 1924–1925: The Constitutional Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States in the October Term, 1924

1926 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-106
Author(s):  
Robert E. Cushman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Theft ◽  
National Authority ◽  
Commerce Clause ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Constitutional Decisions ◽  
Foreign Commerce

The decisions arising under the commerce clause of the Constitution during the 1924 term of the Supreme Court did not involve any striking extension of national authority in that field. There was no case approaching in significance the Recapture Clause Case decided in the previous term. However, the reinforcement of a familiar principle through a striking application of it, or the lucid and pungent expression of an old doctrine, lends some significance to several cases which otherwise have no far-reaching importance.In the case of Brooks v. United States the court sustained the constitutionality of the National Motor Vehicle Theft Act of 1919. The act subjected to heavy penalties any one who transported or caused to be transported in interstate or foreign commerce any motor vehicle, knowing it to have been stolen, and any one who, with the same guilty knowledge, “shall receive, conceal, store, barter, sell, or dispose of any motor vehicle, moving as, or which is a part of, or which constitutes interstate or foreign commerce.” It is certainly no surprise to learn from the opinion of Chief Justice Taft that the power to regulate commerce which is broad enough to enable Congress to bar from interstate transportation lottery tickets, diseased cattle, adulterated food, prize-fight films, and the like, and to penalize the interstate transportation of women for immoral purposes, is a power which can likewise be used to punish those who abuse the privileges of interstate and foreign commerce by using them in the furtherance of larceny or the disposal of stolen goods.

Suicide in New Zealand 1957–1986: The Influence of Age, Period and Birth-Cohort

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Skegg ◽  
Brian Cox
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Suicide Rates

New Zealand suicide rates from 1957 to 1986 were analysed for age, period and cohort effects. Cumulative suicide rates were relatively stable but more complex patterns were revealed by detailed analysis. There was a steadily increasing rate in young men and a recent increase in elderly men. Reduced mortality rates in equivalent categories of accidental and “undetermined” deaths could have accounted for only a proportion of these increases. A cohort effect was noted in men, with increasing risks of suicide in the young for successive birth-cohorts born from 1947 onwards. In women a period effect was likely, with increasing rates for all age-groups between 1957–61 and 1962–66, followed by a decline recently among all except the youngest age-groups. These trends in women may have been largely due to changes in barbiturate prescribing. In both sexes poisoning declined as a method of suicide, while hanging and carbon monoxide poisoning increased. Firearm suicides also increased in men. The implications of these results for prevention are considered.

Forecasting U.K. Population Mortality Allowing for Age, Period and Cohort Effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Forfar
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Mortality Experience ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Population Mortality

ABSTRACTThe mortality data (registered deaths and population size) over the years 1961–2007 for the population of England and Wales and for Scotland were obtained from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and from the Scottish Registrar General. This paper addresses the following questions:(i) Is there statistical evidence for a cohort effect (i.e. a generation effect separate from the period effect) being present in the data?(ii) Do both males and females exhibit similar cohort (generation) effects?(iii) Are period effects (i.e. the improvement in mortality with time) more significant than cohort effects?(iv) How should one allow, in forecasts of population mortality, for age, period and cohort effects?(v) Is it sensible to combine male and female mortality experience to determine the period effect and the cohort effect?(vi) How do the forecasts for the expectation of life at birth, using the Extended-Lee–Carter-Combined (ELCC) model (described in the paper) differ from the (2008 based) Office of National Statistics (ONS) forecasts of the expectation of life at birth?

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