scholarly journals Application of a cashew-based oxime in extracting Ni, Mn and Co from aqueous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi M. Phan ◽  
Son A. Hoang ◽  
Son H. Vu ◽  
Hoang M. Nguyen ◽  
Cuong V. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Loaded Organic Phase ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Abstract Background Cashew nut shell is a by-product of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) production, which is abundant in many developing countries. Cashew nut shell liquor (CNSL) contains a functional chemical, cardanol, which can be converted into a hydroxyoxime. The hydroxyoximes are expensive reagents for metal extraction. Methods CNSL-based oxime was synthesized and used to extract Ni, Co, and Mn from aqueous solutions. The extraction potential was compared against a commercial extractant (LIX 860N). Results All metals were successfully extracted with pH0.5 between 4 and 6. The loaded organic phase was subsequently stripped with an acidic solution. The extraction efficiency and pH0.5 of the CNSL-based extractant were similar to a commercial phenol-oxime extractant. The metals were stripped from the loaded organic phase with a recovery rate of 95% at a pH of 1. Conclusions Cashew-based cardanol can be used to economically produce an oxime in a simple process. The naturally-based oxime has the economic potential to sustainably recover valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Developed Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Expeller

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Elijah Oladimeji Aina ◽  
Alex Folami Adisa ◽  
Tajudeen Mukaila Adeniyi Olayanju ◽  
Salami Olasunkanmi ismaila
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

AbstractThe thick vesicant oil liquid contained in the shell of cashew nut, called cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), has been known for its innumerable applications in chemical industries. Performance evaluation of a newly developed CNSL expeller was carried out to determine the effect of moisture content and pressing duration on extraction parameters. The nut shells were grouped as A: 14.00-16.99%, B: 17.00-19.99% and C: 20.00-22.99% (w.b.) moisture content at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes pressing time and combination of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kg of cashew nut shells. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the stastical analysis. The best mass of liquid extracted, best extraction efficiency and best percentage oil recovery occured at pressing duration of 10 minutes and moisture content of 14.00-16.99% (w.b.), while the best machine capacity was at pressing duration of 2 minutes and moisture content of 14.00-16.99% (w.b.). Results showed that the effects of the pressing duration and moisture content on mass of liquid extracted, machine capacity, extraction efficiency and percentage liquid recovery were significant at 0.05. Meanwhile, the effects of the pressing duration and moisture contents were not significant for the feed rate. Increase in the pressing duration at decreasingthe moisture content resulted in the increase in the mass of liquid extracted, extraction efficiency and percentage liquid recovery while increase in pressing duration and moisture content resulted in decrease in machine capacity of the expeller.

A breakthrough method for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries without pre-sorting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Zhang ◽  
Guoqiang Liang ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Juntao Hu ◽  
Yongqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Valuable Metals

Inspired by the process of "metallurgy first and then beneficiation" for disposing low-grade and complex mineral resources, we proposed a breakthrough method to recover valuable metals from spent entire lithium-ion...

Synergic Mechanisms on Carbon and Sulfur during the Selective Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2271-2279
Author(s):  
Ping Xu ◽  
Chunwei Liu ◽  
Xihua Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Zheng ◽  
Weiguang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Selective Recovery ◽  
Valuable Metals

Particleboard from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubi C. Mary ◽  
Eby Thomas Thachil
Keyword(s):  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Kinetic and structural changes during gasification of cashew nut shell char particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Nam Nguyen ◽  
Duy Anh Khuong ◽  
Thi Thu Ha Vu ◽  
Thi Nga Mai ◽  
Toshiki Tsubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

scholarly journals The COOL-Process—A Selective Approach for Recycling Lithium Batteries

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Sandra Pavón ◽  
Doreen Kaiser ◽  
Robert Mende ◽  
Martin Bertau
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cool Process ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Housing Materials

The global market of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) has been growing in recent years, mainly owed to electromobility. The global LIB market is forecasted to amount to $129.3 billion in 2027. Considering the global reserves needed to produce these batteries and their limited lifetime, efficient recycling processes for secondary sources are mandatory. A selective process for Li recycling from LIB black mass is described. Depending on the process parameters Li was recovered almost quantitatively by the COOL-Process making use of the selective leaching properties of supercritical CO2/water. Optimization of this direct carbonization process was carried out by a design of experiments (DOE) using a 33 Box-Behnken design. Optimal reaction conditions were 230 °C, 4 h, and a water:black mass ratio of 90 mL/g, yielding 98.6 ± 0.19 wt.% Li. Almost quantitative yield (99.05 ± 0.64 wt.%), yet at the expense of higher energy consumption, was obtained with 230 °C, 4 h, and a water:black mass ratio of 120 mL/g. Mainly Li and Al were mobilized, which allows for selectively precipitating Li2CO3 in battery grade-quality (>99.8 wt.%) without the need for further refining. Valuable metals, such as Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Mn, remained in the solid residue (97.7 wt.%), from where they are recovered by established processes. Housing materials were separated mechanically, thus recycling LIB without residues. This holistic zero waste-approach allows for recovering the critical raw material Li from both primary and secondary sources.

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