scholarly journals Development of smart insole for cycle time measurement in sewing process

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eung Tae Kim ◽  
Sungmin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Operation Cycle ◽  
Smart Insole

AbstractA smart insole system consisting of pressure sensors, wireless communication modules, and pressure monitoring software has been developed to measure plantar pressure distribution that appears in sewing process. This system calculates the cycle time of each operation by analyzing the real-time plantar pressure data. The operation cycle time was divided into the time done by machine and by manual and calculated by adding the two types of time. By analyzing the cycle time, it is possible to estimate the type of operation a worker is performing. The ability to calculate accurate cycle time and to manage a large volume of data is the advantage of this system. Establishing an accurate cycle time of all operations would be of great help in improving the production process, capacity planning, line efficiency, and labor cost calculation. The system is expected to be a good alternative to the conventional manual measurement process. It will also be able to meet the high demand from garment manufacturers for automated monitoring systems.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Freezing of Gait during Walking Using Inertial Measurement Unit and Plantar Pressure Distribution Data

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2246
Author(s):  
Scott Pardoel ◽  
Gaurav Shalin ◽  
Julie Nantel ◽  
Edward D. Lemaire ◽  
Jonathan Kofman
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a sudden and highly disruptive gait dysfunction that appears in mid to late-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can lead to falling and injury. A system that predicts freezing before it occurs or detects freezing immediately after onset would generate an opportunity for FOG prevention or mitigation and thus enhance safe mobility and quality of life. This research used accelerometer, gyroscope, and plantar pressure sensors to extract 861 features from walking data collected from 11 people with FOG. Minimum-redundancy maximum-relevance and Relief-F feature selection were performed prior to training boosted ensembles of decision trees. The binary classification models identified Total-FOG or No FOG states, wherein the Total-FOG class included data windows from 2 s before the FOG onset until the end of the FOG episode. Three feature sets were compared: plantar pressure, inertial measurement unit (IMU), and both plantar pressure and IMU features. The plantar-pressure-only model had the greatest sensitivity and the IMU-only model had the greatest specificity. The best overall model used the combination of plantar pressure and IMU features, achieving 76.4% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity. Next, the Total-FOG class components were evaluated individually (i.e., Pre-FOG windows, Freeze windows, transition windows between Pre-FOG and Freeze). The best model detected windows that contained both Pre-FOG and FOG data with 85.2% sensitivity, which is equivalent to detecting FOG less than 1 s after the freeze began. Windows of FOG data were detected with 93.4% sensitivity. The IMU and plantar pressure feature-based model slightly outperformed models that used data from a single sensor type. The model achieved early detection by identifying the transition from Pre-FOG to FOG while maintaining excellent FOG detection performance (93.4% sensitivity). Therefore, if used as part of an intelligent, real-time FOG identification and cueing system, even if the Pre-FOG state were missed, the model would perform well as a freeze detection and cueing system that could improve the mobility and independence of people with PD during their daily activities.

A smart insole for monitoring plantar pressure based on the fiber Bragg grating sensing technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (17) ◽  
pp. 3433-3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafique Ahmed Lakho ◽  
Zhang Yi-Fan ◽  
Jiang Jin-Hua ◽  
Hong Cheng-Yu ◽  
Zamir Ahmed Abro
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fbg Sensors ◽  
Smart Insole

The analysis of plantar pressure distribution is essential in the field of biomedical and sports-related applications. In this study, a smart insole was developed for the measurement of plantar pressure distribution and the evaluation of body postures using optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. Four FBG sensors characterized by four different center Bragg wavelengths, 1528 ± 0.3, 1532 ± 0.3, 1535 ± 0.3 and 1539 ± 0.3 nm, were located at the first metatarsus, third metatarsus, fifth metatarsus and heel position, respectively. The measurement sensitivity of all the FBG sensors was 0.000412 nm/kPa, approximately. Silica gel material of modulus = 10 MPa was selected to incorporate the FBG sensors. All FBG sensors were multiplexed together with one optical fiber cable. The performance and functional properties of all FBG-based pressure sensors were calibrated in the laboratory to evaluate plantar pressure distribution. A male subject was selected for performing four tasks, namely standing in an upright position, leaning forward, squat position and forward fold. During standing tests, plantar pressure observed at the heel position was around 57% higher than that at the first and third metatarsus, while the pressure of the fifth metatarsus position presents minimal pressure, which is only 37% that of the pressure of the heel position. When the subject performs leaning forward, the squat position and forward fold posture, the first and third metatarsi show maximum pressure, while the pressure decreases at the fifth metatarsus position. However, almost zero pressure is observed at the heel position when the subject changes the body postures of leaning forward, squat and forward fold posture. The extreme pressure of the forward fold posture was 1750 kPa acquired at the first metatarsus, which is 52% and 62% higher than those at the fifth and third metatarsi, respectively. Therefore, the smart insole successfully recorded both plantar pressure distribution and body posture changes regarding the wavelength values collected by the FBG sensors.

scholarly journals Foot Modeling and Smart Plantar Pressure Reconstruction from Three Sensors

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Abou Ghaida ◽  
Serge Mottet ◽  
Jean-Marc Goujon
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution

In order to monitor pressure under feet, this study presents a biomechanical model of the human foot. The main elements of the foot that induce the plantar pressure distribution are described. Then the link between the forces applied at the ankle and the distribution of the plantar pressure is established. Assumptions are made by defining the concepts of a 3D internal foot shape, which can be extracted from the plantar pressure measurements, and a uniform elastic medium, which describes the soft tissues behaviour. In a second part, we show that just 3 discrete pressure sensors per foot are enough to generate real time plantar pressure cartographies in the standing position or during walking. Finally, the generated cartographies are compared with pressure cartographies issued from the F-SCAN system. The results show 0.01 daN (2% of full scale) average error, in the standing position.

scholarly journals Plantar pressure sensors indicate females to have a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and inside of the foot compared to males

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Yuichi Hoshino ◽  
Noriyuki Kanzaki ◽  
Koji Nukuto ◽  
Takahiro Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution

Abstract Background: Gender-related differences of plantar pressure distribution during activities should be thoroughly inspected as it can help establish treatment and prevention strategies for foot and ankle problems. In-shoe measurement systems are preferable without space and activity restrictions; however, previously reported systems are still heavy and bulky and induce unnatural movement. Therefore, a slim and light plantar pressure sensor was newly developed to detect the effect of gender difference on plantar pressure during standing and walking.Methods: One-hundred healthy adult volunteers (50 females and 50 males) were recruited. Ten plantar pressure sensors were implanted in a 1-mm thick insole, with a total weight of 29 g. Plantar pressure was recorded with 200 Hz during 3 seconds of standing and while walking 10 steps. The maximum loads during standing and walking were analyzed in each sensor, and the results were compared between different areas of the foot in the antero-posterior direction and the medio-lateral direction and between different time points. The movement of the center of pressure (COP) during walking was also evaluated. Results were compared between genders by converting body weight to 50 kg.Results: The movement of COP was constant for both genders. In all cases, the maximum load was observed on the inside of the foot. Females had a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and inside of the foot compared to males while standing and walking (P < .01).Conclusions: A newly introduced in-shoe plantar pressure sensor demonstrated a typical loading transition pattern of the foot. Furthermore, higher plantar pressure in the forefoot was detected in healthy females as compared to males during standing and walking activities.

A portable plantar pressure system: Specifications, design, and preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-560
Author(s):  
Michal Ostaszewski ◽  
Jolanta Pauk ◽  
Kacper Lesniewski
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteer ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Distribution Measurement ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Portable System ◽  
Linearity Error ◽  
The Difference

BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in developing in-shoe foot plantar pressure systems. Although such devices are not novel, devising insole devices for gait analysis is still an important issue. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to develop a new portable system for plantar pressure distribution measurement based on a three-axis accelerometer. METHODS: The portable system includes: PJRC Teensy 3.6 microcontroller with 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 microprocessor with a clock speed of 180 MHz; HC-11 radio modules (transmitter and receiver); a battery; a fixing band; pressure sensors; MPU-9150 inertial navigation module; and FFC tape. The pressure insole is leather-based and consists of seven layers. It is divided into 16 areas and the outcome of the system is data concerning plantar pressure distribution under foot during gait. The system was tested on 22 healthy volunteer subjects, and the data was compared with a commercially available system: Medilogic. RESULT: The SNR value for the proposed sensor is 28.27 dB. For a range of pressure of 30–100 N, the sensitivity is 0.0066 V/N while the linearity error is 0.05. The difference in plantar pressure from both the portable plantar pressure system and Medilogic is not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The proposed system could be recommended for research applications both inside and outside of a typical gait laboratory.

scholarly journals Plantar pressure sensors indicate women to have a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and medial of the foot compared to men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Yuichi Hoshino ◽  
Noriyuki Kanzaki ◽  
Koji Nukuto ◽  
Takahiro Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution

Abstract Background: Sex-related differences of plantar pressure distribution during activities should be thoroughly inspected as it can help establish treatment and prevention strategies for foot and ankle problems. In-shoe measurement systems are preferable without space and activity restrictions; however, previously reported systems are still heavy and bulky and induce unnatural movement. Therefore, a slim and light plantar pressure sensor was newly developed to detect the effect of sex difference on plantar pressure during standing and walking.Methods: One-hundred healthy adult volunteers (50 women and 50 men) were recruited. Ten plantar pressure sensors were implanted in a 1-mm thick insole, with a total weight of 29 g. Plantar pressure was recorded with 200 Hz during 3 seconds of standing and while walking 10 steps. The maximum loads during standing and walking were analyzed in each sensor, and the results were compared between different areas of the foot in the antero-posterior direction and the medio-lateral direction and between different time points. The movement of the center of pressure (COP) during walking was also evaluated. Results were compared between sexes by converting body mass index (BMI) to 22.Results: The movement of COP was constant for both sexes. In all cases, the maximum load was observed on the medial of the foot. Women had a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and medial of the foot compared to men while standing and walking (P < .05).Conclusions: A newly introduced in-shoe plantar pressure sensor demonstrated a typical loading transition pattern of the foot. Furthermore, higher plantar pressure in the forefoot was detected in healthy women as compared to men during standing and walking activities.

scholarly journals Plantar pressure sensors indicate women to have a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and medial of the foot compared to men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Yuichi Hoshino ◽  
Noriyuki Kanzaki ◽  
Koji Nukuto ◽  
Takahiro Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution

Abstract Background: Sex-related differences of plantar pressure distribution during activities should be thoroughly inspected as it can help establish treatment and prevention strategies for foot and ankle problems. In-shoe measurement systems are preferable without space and activity restrictions; however, previously reported systems are still heavy and bulky and induce unnatural movement. Therefore, a slim and light plantar pressure sensor was newly developed to detect the effect of sex difference on plantar pressure during standing and walking.Methods: One-hundred healthy adult volunteers (50 women and 50 men) were recruited. Ten plantar pressure sensors were implanted in a 1-mm thick insole, with a total weight of 29 g. Plantar pressure was recorded with 200 Hz during 3 seconds of standing and while walking 10 steps. The maximum loads during standing and walking were analyzed in each sensor, and the results were compared between different areas of the foot in the antero-posterior direction and the medio-lateral direction and between different time points. The movement of the center of pressure (COP) during walking was also evaluated. Analyses were adjusted for body mass index and gait speed.Results: The movement of COP was constant for both sexes. In all cases, the maximum load was observed on the medial of the foot. Women had a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and medial aspect of the foot compared to men while standing and walking (p < .05).Conclusions: A newly introduced in-shoe plantar pressure sensor demonstrated a typical loading transition pattern of the foot. Furthermore, higher plantar pressure in the forefoot was detected in healthy women as compared to men during standing and walking activities.

scholarly journals Convenient Method for Detecting Ski-Turn Features with Inertial and Plantar Pressure Sensors

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Seiji Matsumura ◽  
Ken Ohta ◽  
Shin-ichiroh Yamamoto ◽  
Yasuharu Koike ◽  
Toshitaka Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Convenient Method ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Feature Detection ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Data Output

Skiers need a convenient method that uses actual ski-turn data to determine their skill level quantitatively without impeding their movement. In this study, we propose a feature detection method designed to quantitatively assess the skill level involved in ski turns. Actual data were acquired from both expert and intermediate skiers while skiing by using a comfortable measurement system that uses compact inertial sensors attached to the user’s skis and waist, and plantar pressure sensors. The changes in body posture and the behavior of the skis were examined using acceleration and angular velocity (each on three axes) data output by the inertial sensors. The plantar pressure distributions generated during skiing were also examined. The results show that it is possible to detect the relationship between the behavior of the skis and the changes in body posture or the plantar pressure distribution, which allows the skier’s skill level to be quantitatively assessed.

scholarly journals Development of a Self-Powered Piezo-Resistive Smart Insole Equipped with Low-Power BLE Connectivity for Remote Gait Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4539
Author(s):  
Roberto de Fazio ◽  
Elisa Perrone ◽  
Ramiro Velázquez ◽  
Massimo De Vittorio ◽  
Paolo Visconti
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Sensing Matrix ◽  
Capacitive Accelerometer ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Smart Insole

The evolution of low power electronics and the availability of new smart materials are opening new frontiers to develop wearable systems for medical applications, lifestyle monitoring, and performance detection. This paper presents the development and realization of a novel smart insole for monitoring the plantar pressure distribution and gait parameters; indeed, it includes a piezoresistive sensing matrix based on a Velostat layer for transducing applied pressure into an electric signal. At first, an accurate and complete characterization of Velostat-based pressure sensors is reported as a function of sizes, support material, and pressure trend. The realization and testing of a low-cost and reliable piezoresistive sensing matrix based on a sandwich structure are discussed. This last is interfaced with a low power conditioning and processing section based on an Arduino Lilypad board and an analog multiplexer for acquiring the pressure data. The insole includes a 3-axis capacitive accelerometer for detecting the gait parameters (swing time and stance phase time) featuring the walking. A Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5.0 module is included for transmitting in real-time the acquired data toward a PC, tablet or smartphone, for displaying and processing them using a custom Processing® application. Moreover, the smart insole is equipped with a piezoelectric harvesting section for scavenging energy from walking. The onfield tests indicate that for a walking speed higher than 1 ms−1, the device’s power requirements (i.e., ) was fulfilled. However, more than 9 days of autonomy are guaranteed by the integrated 380-mAh Lipo battery in the total absence of energy contributions from the harvesting section.

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