scholarly journals Towards fungal sensing skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Antoni Gandia ◽  
Alessandro Chiolerio
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungus ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Optical Stimulation ◽  
Sensing Skin ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
And Robotics

AbstractA fungal skin is a thin flexible sheet of a living homogeneous mycelium made by a filamentous fungus. The skin could be used in future living architectures of adaptive buildings and as a sensing living skin for soft self-growing/adaptive robots. In experimental laboratory studies we demonstrate that the fungal skin is capable for recognising mechanical and optical stimulation. The skin reacts differently to loading of a weight, removal of the weight, and switching illumination on and off. These are the first experimental evidences that fungal materials can be used not only as mechanical ‘skeletons’ in architecture and robotics but also as intelligent skins capable for recognition of external stimuli and sensorial fusion.

scholarly journals Fungal sensing skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Antoni Gandia ◽  
Alessandro Chiolerio
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungus ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Optical Stimulation ◽  
Sensing Skin ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract Background A fungal skin is a thin flexible sheet of a living homogeneous mycelium made by a filamentous fungus. The skin could be used in future living architectures of adaptive buildings and as a sensing living skin for soft self-growing/adaptive robots. Results In experimental laboratory studies we demonstrate that the fungal skin is capable for recognising mechanical and optical stimulation. The skin reacts differently to loading of a weight, removal of the weight, and switching illumination on and off. Conclusion These are the first experimental evidences that fungal materials can be used not only as mechanical ‘skeletons’ in architecture and robotics but also as intelligent skins capable for recognition of external stimuli and sensorial fusion.

scholarly journals Fungal Sensing Skin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Antoni Gandia ◽  
Alessandro Chiolerio
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Optical Stimulation ◽  
Sensing Skin ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract BackgroundA fungal skin is a thin exible sheet of a living homogeneous mycelium made by a lamentous fungus. The skin could be used in future living architectures of adaptive buildings and as a sensing living skin for soft self-growing/adaptive robots.ResultsIn experimental laboratory studies we demonstrate that the fungal skin is capable for recognising mechanical and optical stimulation. The skin reacts dierently to loading of a weight, removal of the weight, and switching illumination on and off.ConclusionsThese are the rst experimental evidences that fungal materials can be used not only as mechanical `skeletons' in architecture and robotics but also as intelligent skins capable for recognition of external stimuli and sensorial fusion.

scholarly journals Recent Laboratory Photochemical Studies and Their Relationship to the Photochemical Formation of Cometary Radicals

1989 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
William M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Laboratory Evidence ◽  
Photochemical Formation ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Unstable Molecules ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Recent Laboratory

AbstractExperimental laboratory techniques used in studying the photochemistry of stable and unstable molecules are discussed. The laboratory evidence for the photochemical formation of C2 from C2H, C3 from C3H2, and NH from NH2 is presented. Other recent results obtained in laboratory studies of H2O, H2S, NH3, and HCN are reported.

Choosing the chemicals and advanced filter media for enhancing the process of mine water purification

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
В.Ю. Касперович
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Sorption Media

В настоящее время строительство сооружений для очистки шахтных вод является одним из важных мероприятий, направленных на сохранение поверхностных водотоков и водоемов. Количество сбрасываемых шахтных вод в поверхностные водоемы может быть сокращено в результате их использования для комплексного обеспыливания в шахтах, технического водоснабжения и других наиболее водоемких технологических процессов. Одним из эффективных способов очистки шахтных вод от взвешенных веществ и тяжелых металлов является реагентная обработка высокомолекулярными флокулянтами, использование которых позволяет уменьшить расход неорганических коагулянтов и интенсифицировать процесс осаждения взвешенных веществ и тяжелых металлов. Предварительная обработка шахтной воды перед контактными осветлителями позволяет значительно увеличить пропускную способность действующих очистных сооружений, стабилизировать их работу при колебании качественного состава и температуры шахтной воды, снизить нагрузку на последующие стадии очистки на скорых фильтрах. Представлены результаты экспериментальных лабораторных исследований пробной коагуляции и флокуляции с последующим фильтрованием на скорых фильтрах с применением каталитической фильтрующей загрузки Orefilter В, сорбента АС и сорбционной загрузки Extrasorb, а также удаления (отдувки) аммиака из шахтной воды. Currently, the construction of facilities for the purification of mine waters is one of the important measures aimed at preserving surface watercourses and water reservoirs. The amount of mine water discharged into surface water bodies can be reduced by reusing it for complex dedusting in mines, process water supply and other most water-intensive technological processes. One of the effective ways of removing suspended solids and heavy metals from mine water is chemical treatment with high-molecular flocculants that provide for reducing the consumption of inorganic coagulants and enhancing the process of suspended solids and heavy metals precipitation. Pretreatment of mine water upstream contact clarifiers can significantly increase the capacity of existing treatment facilities, stabilize their operation in case of fluctuations in the quality composition and temperature of mine water, and reduce the load on the subsequent stages of filtration in rapid filters. The results of experimental laboratory studies of trial coagulation and flocculation with subsequent filtration in rapid filters using Orefilter B catalytic filtering media, AS sorbent and Extrasorb sorption media, as well as removing (stripping) ammonia from mine water are presented.

scholarly journals Do Cannabis Users Reduce Their THC Dosages When Using More Potent Cannabis Products? A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janni Leung ◽  
Daniel Stjepanović ◽  
Danielle Dawson ◽  
Wayne D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Smoking Topography ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Do So

Background: Higher potency cannabis products are associated with higher risks of negative physical and psychological outcomes. The US cannabis industry has opposed any restrictions on THC levels, arguing that people titrate their THC doses when consuming higher potency products.Objective: To review research on the degree to which people who use cannabis for recreational purposes can and do titrate their THC doses.Method: A systematic search was conducted for studies published from 1973 to 2020. We included (1) experimental laboratory studies on dose titration of cannabis products that varied in THC content; (2) observational studies on the use of more potent products; and (3) surveys on whether cannabis users titrate when using more potent products.Results: In some experiments, there were inverse associations between the THC content and the amount smoked and smoking topography, while others indicated higher doses consumed and psychological and physiological effects observed. Findings of observational studies of regular cannabis users were more equivocal. In some surveys, cannabis users reported that they use less when using more potent products, but in other surveys, persons who used more potent cannabis had more adverse effects of use.Discussion: There is some evidence from experimental studies that people who use higher potency cannabis for recreational purposes can titrate their THC doses, but less evidence that regular cannabis users do in fact do so. We need much better experimental and epidemiological research to inform the design of regulatory policies to minimize harms from the use of high THC cannabis products.

EXPERIMENTAL LABORATORY STUDIES ON CAPILLARY FRINGE BEHAVIOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Elena Dumitran ◽  
Mihaela Amalia Diminescu ◽  
Anca Marina Marinov ◽  
Diana Mariana Cocarta ◽  
Liana Ioana Vuta
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Capillary Fringe ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of water repellents on the rolling border and the yield stress of clay soils of the base and subgrade of the road

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zurab Shankhoev ◽  
Erkn Zhaisambaev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Road ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Water Repellents

During the construction of roads, the main factor affecting the operational characteristics of a linear facility is the climatic conditions of a particular area where the future road will pass. In the article, the authors consider the problem of building roads on weak soils with insufficient strength characteristics, such soils cause difficulties in the design and operation of the structure. The purpose of this study is to change the physical properties of cohesive soils to increase their strength characteristics. The authors systematized information on existing methods for stabilizing clay soils of the base and subgrade of the road. The results of experimental laboratory studies performed by the authors of the article on the influence of water repellents on the physical properties of clay soil are presented. According to laboratory studies, it can be concluded that with the optimal selection of hydrophobic materials, it is possible to increase the bearing capacity of soft soils, which in turn will lead to an increase in the technical and operational characteristics of the structure and an increase in turnaround times. The main conclusions are formulated based on the analysis of laboratory tests.

scholarly journals Selection of Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus for Potential Use in Aflatoxin Prevention in Shandong Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Jia Xu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Zehua Zhou ◽  
Peter John Cotty ◽  
Qing Kong
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Filamentous Fungus ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Competitive Displacement ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of

Aspergillus flavus is a common filamentous fungus widely present in the soil, air, and in crops. This facultative pathogen of both animals and plants produces aflatoxins, a group of mycotoxins with strong teratogenic and carcinogenic properties. Peanuts are highly susceptible to aflatoxin contamination and consumption of contaminated peanuts poses serious threats to the health of humans and domestic animals. Currently, the competitive displacement of aflatoxin-producers from agricultural environments by atoxigenic A. flavus is the most effective method of preventing crop aflatoxin contamination. In the current study, 47 isolates of A. flavus collected from peanut samples originating in Shandong Province were characterized with molecular methods and for aflatoxin-producing ability in laboratory studies. Isolates PA04 and PA10 were found to be atoxigenic members of the L strains morphotype. When co-inoculated with A. flavus NRRL3357 at ratios of 1:10, 1:1, and 10:1 (PA04/PA10: NRRL3357), both atoxigenic strains were able to reduce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels, on both culture media and peanut kernels, by up to 90%. The extent to which atoxigenic strains reduced contamination was correlated with the inoculation ratio. Abilities to compete of PA04 and PA10 were also independently verified against local aflatoxin-producer PA37. The results suggest that the two identified atoxigenic strains are good candidates for active ingredients of biocontrol products for the prevention of aflatoxin contamination of peanuts in Shandong Province.

GEOMETRY INDUCED DELAYS OF SLIME MOULD PROPAGATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 08 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
ANDREW ADAMATZKY
Keyword(s):  
Finite Size ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Narrow Channel ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Nonlinear Media ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Slime Mould ◽  
Binary State ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Geometrically Constrained

Slime mould Physarum polycephalum propagates on nutrient substrates similarly to auto-waves in nonlinear media. In experimental laboratory studies we uncover that the width of geometrically constrained substrate affects the speed of Physarum propagation. We show that Physarum slows down when the width of the substrate increases. The slime mould propagates quicker from the vertex of a triangle to its base than from the base to the vertex. Physarum grows quicker in narrow channels than in wider channels. One can also slow down Physarum propagation by making a finite size expansion of the otherwise narrow channel. In computational experiments with a binary state cellular automaton model we demonstrate that a limitation on the slime mould's body mass production rate could be an underlying mechanism for the width-dependent slowdown of Physarum propagation.

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