Effect of gamma irradiation and/or certain entomopathogenic fungi on the larval Mortality of Galleria mellonella L

AbstractAverage yields of Mattesia spores (spore productivity) had varied from a minimum yield (0.17 × 107 spores) for Laemophloeus turcicus adult to a maximum yield (7.46 × 107 spores) for Plodia interpunctella larva. Comparatively, the highest increase in Mattesia spore yield, recorded from P. interpunctella larva (7.46 × 107 spores) over the lowest one, estimated for L. turcicus adult (0.17 × 107 spores), was nearly 44-fold. The increase in Mattesia spore yields that calculated from the other hosts (P. interpunctella pupa or moth; Galleria mellonella larva; Rhyzopertha dominica adult; Sitophilus zeamais), over that estimated for L. turcicus adult, was less than 10-fold (6–9-fold). Based on the weight of 1 g of the insect host infected with Mattesia sp., small stored grain insect hosts (e.g. L. turcicus, S. zeamais, and R. dominica) seemed to achieve Mattesia spore yields more than the larger ones (e.g. P. interpunctella). The increase in spore yields over that used for the inoculum, based on an average of 25 P. interpunctella larvae per bioassay container, was ca. 2 to 31-fold. These results revealed that the Indianmeal moth, P. interpunctella, could serve as a potential host for mass propagating the isolated entomopathogenic protozoan, Mattesia sp. Besides Mattesia larval mortality, survivors of Mattesia infection suffered deformities and noticeable undersized pupae or adults than the control ones. Also, many copulated moths (ca.46%) were unable to become separated after copulation until they had died. Bioassay of siftings, obtained from L. turcicus-protozoan-infected stock cultures, was carried out in order to emphasize the suppressive potent role of such protozoan entomopathogens in long-term storage. With the highest tested concentration of the studied siftings (10%), mortality responses due to Mattesia infection ranged from 13 to 68% at 14–169 days post-treatment. The corresponding figures for Adelina infection were 7–42%.

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Evaluation of the compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi and two botanical insecticides tondexir and palizin for controlling Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2018.11.012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fariba Sohrabi ◽

Fatemeh Jamali ◽

Salim Morammazi ◽

Moosa Saber ◽

Shizuo George Kamita

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae

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Effectiveness of Selected Entomopathogenic Fungi in Packed Rice Grain at Room Temperature Against Corcyra Cephalonica Stainton

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development ◽

10.29037/ajstd.103 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hendrawan Samodra ◽

Yusof Bin Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

High Mortality ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Corcyra Cephalonica ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Moth ◽

Tapioca Flour

Eight isolates of entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated as dried conidia against the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica. In bioassays two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (BbGc and BbPs) and one isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae (MaPs) consistently gave high mortality to C. cephalonica larvae. Formulations in either kaolin, talc or tapioca flour (20 % w/w a.i.) thoroughly mixed with long grain rice in plastic cups (8 cm diameter by 5 cm) gave complete larval mortality by the 12th day of treatment. However, in general those formulated in kaolin and talc were more efficacious and faster to kill compared to those formulated in tapioca flour or the unformulated control. Even at the lowest rate of 0.05 g BbGc in kaolin provided 100% mortality 7 days after introduction compared with other dust formulations. Isolate BbGc in kaolin and talc administered at 0.4 g a.i. in 200 g rice packed in plastic kept at room temperature provided protection against the rice moth up to 4 months of storage. Larval mortality in excess of 90% was obtained 15 days after introduction. Formulations of MaPs was effective only within the first month of storage beyond which infectivity rapidly declined.

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Effect of Volatile Oils and / or Gamma Irradiation on the 4th Instar Larvae of Galleria Mellonella

Journal of Nuclear Technology in Applied Science ◽

10.21608/jntas.2020.19151.1007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 15-28

Author(s):

Hussein Mohamed ◽

Samira EL-Naggar ◽

Abdelwahab Ibrahim ◽

Nehad Elbarky ◽

Marwa Salama

Keyword(s):

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Volatile Oils

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Candida Albicans ERG11 Gene Polymorphism: Impact on Its In Vivo Virulence and Susceptibility to Fluconazole According to the Galleria Mellonella Model

10.20944/preprints202102.0045.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcel Patindoilba Sawadogo ◽

Adama Zida ◽

Issiaka Soulama ◽

Samuel S Sermé ◽

Thierry Kiswendsida Guiguemdé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Reference Strain ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Fungal Burden ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Strain Sc5314 ◽

Resistant Strains

The aim of this study is to have an idea on the molecular mechanisms of C. albicans resistance to fluconazole in Burkina Faso, by studying the polymorphism of the ERG11 gene, and its implication in the C. albicans virulence and resistance in vivo according to the Galleria mellonella model; (2) Methods: Ten (10) clinical strains including, 5 resistant and 5 susceptible and 1 virulent and susceptible reference strain SC5314 are used. For the estimation of virulence, the larvae were inoculated with 10 μL of C. albicans cell suspension at variable concentrations: 2,5.105, 5.105, 1.106, and 5.106 CFU/larva of each strain. For the in vivo efficacy study, fluconazole was administered at 1, 4 and 16 mg/kg respectively to G. mellonella larvae, after infection by inoculum 5.106 CFU / larvae of each strain; (3) Results: Six (6) non-silent mutations in the ERG11 gene (K143R, F145L, G307S, S405F, G448E, V456I on ERG11p) were found in 4 resistant isolates. Larval mortality depended on fungal burden and strain. The inoculum 5.106 CFU caused 100% mortality in 2 days for the 2 CAAL-1 and CAAL-2 strains carrying the F145L mutation, in 3 days for the reference strain SC5314, in 4 days for the ensemble of resistant strains, and in 5 days for the ensemble of susceptible strains. The comparison of the mortality due to the reference strain SC5314 CFU / larva and the average mortality due to the two mutant F145L strains, shows a significant difference (P <0.05).Fluconazole significantly protected (P> 0.05) the larvae from infection by susceptible strains and the reference strain. However, 100% mortality in 6 days after injection of the resistant strains, was observed (4) Conclusions: Certain mutations in the ERG11 gene such as the F145L mutation are thought to be a source of increased virulence in Candida albicans. Fluconazole effectively protected larvae from infection by susceptible strains in vivo, unlike resistant strain

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Effect of mini-sprinkler irrigation system on Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juvenile

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162008000400017 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 433-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Lara ◽

Cláudia Dolinski ◽

Elias Fernandes de Sousa ◽

Rogério Figueiredo Daher

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Infective Juvenile ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

Search Capability

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are currently being used as successful biological control agents of soil-dwelling insect pests. Previous field and greenhouse studies demonstrated that application techniques and non-biotic factors (temperature and pressure) have a significant effect on EPNs efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of an irrigation spray application system on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juveniles (IJ). Two assays were proposed. Their viability was evaluated under the microscope after the IJ passed through the irrigation system. Infectivity on Galleria mellonella larvae, and host search capability, as evidenced by larval mortality, were evaluated in containers (Experiment 1). In the field (Experiment 2), mortality of G. mellonella larvae was evaluated under different nematode concentrations (0, 100,000, 300,000 and 500,000 IJ per tree). No differences were recorded on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of the IJ in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, differences were recorded among the different concentrations used (p < 0.05), and a higher mortality was observed at the highest nematode concentration (28.3% and 37% in each one of the two experiment repetitions). This irrigation system did not affected adversely the viability, infectivity and host search capability of H. baujardi LPP7.

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Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-196 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS ◽

CHRISTOS G. ATHANASSIOU ◽

MARIA M. AOUNTALA ◽

DEMETRIUS C. KONTODIMAS

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Isaria Fumosorosea ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Stored Grain Pest ◽

Petri Dishes

The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea were tested against the stored-grain pest Sitophilus oryzae. The fungi were isolated from the soil (from three locations in Attica, Greece: B. bassiana from Tatoion, M. anisopliae from Marathon, and I. fumosorosea from Aghios Stefanos) using larvae of Galleria mellonella as bait. Suspensions of 2.11 × 107 and 2.11 × 108, 1.77 × 107 and 1.77 × 108, and 1.81 × 107 and 1.81 × 108 conidia per ml of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea, respectively, were applied by three treatments: (i) sprayed on food and set in petri dishes with adults of S. oryzae, (ii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes without food, and (iii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes with food. The observed mortality of S. oryzae adults during the overall exposure period for the lowest, as well as for the highest, concentrations of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea ranged from 0 to 100%. Concentration was, in most of the cases tested, a critical parameter that determined the “speed of kill” of the exposed insect species for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. Conversely, concentration was not that critical for I. fumosorosea, and survival was high in some of the combinations tested, even after 14 days of exposure. Both in the highest and the lowest concentrations of fungi, the mortality of S. oryzae adults was higher when the fungi were applied on adults than when they were applied on food. Higher mortality was observed when food was absent than when food was present, in most of the cases tested. The high efficacy levels recorded in the current study indicate that the tested fungi could be effective biocontrol agents against S. oryzae.

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Environmental Tolerance of Entomopathogenic Fungi: A New Strain of Cordyceps javanica Isolated from a Whitefly Epizootic Versus Commercial Fungal Strains

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11100711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 711

Author(s):

Shaohui Wu ◽

Michael D. Toews ◽

Camila Oliveira-Hofman ◽

Robert W. Behle ◽

Alvin M. Simmons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Pest Management ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Uv Light ◽

Variable Temperature ◽

Environmental Tolerance ◽

Southern Georgia ◽

Lower Tolerance

A new strain of Cordyceps javanica (wf GA17) was observed causing widespread epizootics among whiteflies in Southern Georgia in 2017. The tolerance of conidia to environmental factors including variable temperature and ultraviolet (UV) light was compared between this strain and three commercial strains of entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium brunneum F52, Cordyceps fumosorosea Apopka97, and Beauveria bassiana GHA). Under 10–30 °C, C. javanica wf GA17 responded similarly to other fungi, with the highest virulence against Galleria mellonella at 25 °C, followed by 20, 30, and 15 °C; lowest virulence was observed at 10 °C. At 35 °C and 40 °C, C. javanica wf GA17 had lower tolerance than M. brunneum F52 and B. bassiana GHA, but was superior to C. fumosorosea Apopka97 in conidia viability and post-treatment virulence. After exposure to −20 °C for 56 d, C. javanica wf GA17 exhibited lower germination than M. brunneum F52 and lower virulence than M. brunneum F52 and B. bassiana GHA, but higher germination and virulence than C. fumosorosea Apopka97. Following exposure to strong UV light, viability and virulence of all fungi were reduced with increasing exposure periods. Increased environmental tolerance of C. javanica wf GA17 over C. fumosorosea Apopka97 suggests that the new strain could have applicability for commercial pest management.

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Pathogenicity of some commercial formulations of entomopathogenic fungi on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-019-0184-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Assinapol Ndereyimana ◽

Samuel Nyalala ◽

Patrick Murerwa ◽

Svetlana Gaidashova

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Negative Control ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Tuta Absoluta ◽

Leaf Miner ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Field ◽

Tomato Leaf Miner

AbstractThe tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major threat to tomato production in Rwanda. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate some commercial entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) formulations on T. absoluta larvae. The larvae, inside the leaf galleries, were obtained from the established tomato field. Commercial EPF: Metatech® WP [Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok, Strain FCM Ar 23B3], Beauvitech® WP [Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., Strain J25], and Botanigard ES [B. bassiana (Bals.), Strain GHA] were tested in Petri dishes against T. absoluta larvae at a concentration of 108 spores/ml. A synthetic insecticide, imidacloprid was included for comparison as a positive control, while water was used as a negative control. All the tested commercial EPF formulations were pathogenic to T. absoluta larvae in all conducted bioassays. Mortality rates increased with an increase in time (days). However, the insignificant difference was observed in the mortality of T. absoluta larvae treated with the commercial EPF during the first 3 days in all bioassays. Highly significant differences (p < 0.01) in pathogenicity among treatments were observed from the 4th to 6th days after inoculation. Metatech® WP and Beauvitech® WP recorded the highest mortality rates (82.8 and 60.8%) with the LT50 values of 3.9 and 5.2 days, respectively, while imidacloprid caused the least larval mortality. Since the EPF demonstrated high virulence level against the target pest, the efficacy of Metatech® WP and Beauvitech® WP should be advanced to field evaluation to determine their potential as alternatives to the synthetic insecticides.

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Different strategies to kill the host presented byMetarhizium anisopliaeandBeauveria bassiana

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2017-0517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 191-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cynthia Barbosa Rustiguel ◽

María Fernández-Bravo ◽

Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães ◽

Enrique Quesada-Moraga

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Growth Strategy

Studies conducted over the last decades have shown the potential of entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of some insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi infect their host through the cuticle, so they do not need to be ingested to be effective. These fungi also secrete secondary metabolites and proteins that are toxic to insect pests. In this context, we analyzed the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) strains IBCB 384 and IBCB 425 and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. strains E 1764 and E 3158 against Galleria mellonella (Linn.) larvae, during pre-invasion and post-invasion phases. The results showed M. anisopliae, especially strain IBCB 384, was most virulent in the pre-invasion phase against G. mellonella, whereas B. bassiana, especially strain E 1764, was most virulent in the post-invasion phase. During in vivo development and in the production of toxic serum, B. bassiana E 3158 was the most virulent. Different fungal growth (or toxin) strategies were observed for studied strains. Metarhizium anisopliae IBCB 425 prioritizes the growth strategy, whereas strain IBCB 384 and B. bassiana strains E 1764 and E 3158 have a toxic strategy. All strains have pathogenicity against G. mellonella, indicating their possible use for biocontrol.

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