scholarly journals Endophytic fungi associated with soybean plants and their antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nashwa Sallam ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. A. Seleim ◽  
Hadeel M. M. Khalil Bagy
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract Background Fungal endophytes produce many secondary metabolites that can reduce root rot diseases. Soybean is a particularly important crop worldwide. Endophytic fungi can be isolated, identified, and incorporated into sustainable agriculture for the biological control of many diseases. Results The aim of this study was to isolate some endophytic fungi for controlling the most important diseases of soybean plants and to study the mechanisms underlying this biocontrol regarding the suppression of pathogens. Ten endophytic fungi were isolated from soybean plants. Among them, the 3 fungi isolates that exhibited a high percentage of antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani, the causal pathogen of root rot disease of soybean plants, were identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum S12, T. asperellum S11, and T. atroviride PHYTAT7. The 3 fungi isolates had the ability to produce pectinase and chitinase and to solubilize phosphors. Moreover, they produced siderophores and indole acetic acid (IAA), which have a strong effect on the growth of the plants. The 3 isolates reduced disease severity by 64, 60, and 55%, respectively than the infected control. Conclusion The results suggest that certain endophytic fungi associated with soybean plants have potential for the management of root rot diseases in soybean. Moreover, these isolates can be considered as having a growth-promoting effect in soybean plants.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plant Ephedra pachyclada as Plant Growth-Promoting

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Aly Khalil ◽  
Saad El-Din Hassan ◽  
Sultan M. Alsharif ◽  
Ahmed M. Eid ◽  
Emad El-Din Ewais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Penicillium Crustosum ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Penicillium Commune ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Growth Promoting

Endophytic fungi are widely present in internal plant tissues and provide different benefits to their host. Medicinal plants have unexplored diversity of functional fungal association; therefore, this study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi associated with leaves of medicinal plants Ephedra pachyclada and evaluate their plant growth-promoting properties. Fifteen isolated fungal endophytes belonging to Ascomycota, with three different genera, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus, were obtained from healthy leaves of E. pachyclada. These fungal endophytes have varied antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microbes and produce ammonia and indole acetic acid (IAA), in addition to their enzymatic activity. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 had a maximum IAA productivity of 192.1 ± 4.04 µg mL−1 in the presence of 5 µg mL−1 tryptophan. The fungal isolates of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium chrysogenum EP-3, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 exhibited variable efficiency for solubilizing phosphate salts. Five representative fungal endophytes of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium commune EP-5, Penicillium caseifulvum EP-11, Alternaria tenuissima EP-13, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 and their consortium were selected and applied as bioinoculant to maize plants. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 increased root lengths from 15.8 ± 0.8 to 22.1 ± 0.6. Moreover, the vegetative growth features of inoculated maize plants improved more than the uninoculated ones.

scholarly journals Role of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Trichoderma spp. in the control of root rot disease of soybean

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ehteshamul-Haque ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Seed treatment of soybean with <i>Bndyrhizobium japonicum, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum, T. koningii</i> and <i>T. pseudokoningii</i> significantly controlled the infection of 30-day-old seedlingsby <i>Maerophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. In 60-day-old plants <i>Trichoderma</i> spp.. and <i>B. japonicum</i> inhibited the grouth of <i>R. solani</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp., whereas the use of <i>B. japonicum</i> (TAL-102) with <i>T. harzianum. T. viride, T. koningii</i> and <i>T. pseudokoningii</i> controlled the infection by <i>M. phaseolina. Greater grain yield was recorded when B. <i>japonium</i> (TAI-102) was used with <i>T. hamatum</i>.

Influence of Temperature on the Pathogenesis and Gene Expression of Rhizoctonia solani Causing Web Blight/Wet Root Rot Disease in Mungbean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Maya Bashyal ◽  
Bhupendra Singh Kharayat ◽  
Pooja Parmar ◽  
Ashish Kumar Gupta ◽  
S. C. Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Web Blight

Background: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck) is one of the most important pulse crops and grown in almost all parts of the India. Web blight/wet root rot disease of mungbean is caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Crop environmental factors plays a vital role in the development of web blight disease caused by R. solani. An understanding of the role of environmental factors on the infection and survival of the pathogen is necessary to develop disease management practices. Methods: The effect of different temperatures (4oC, 20oC, 25oC, 30oC and 35oC) on mycelial growth of seven different R. solani isolates belonging to different anastomosis group were evaluated under in vitro conditions. Effect of different temperatures on the development of root rot/web blight disease of mungbean was also evaluated under phytotron conditions at various temperatures with constant relative humidity (85%) and illumination (alternate dark and light period of 12 h). Effect of temperatures on the expression of selected pathogenicity related genes was evaluated through real time PCR. Result: Maximum radial growth in R. solani isolates was observed at 25 and 30oC after 48 hrs of incubation. Maximum disease incidence was observed with R. solani isolate RUPU-18 (73.11%) followed by R-17 (68.75%), RDLM-1 (63.45%) at 25oC on mungbean genotype Pusa Vishal. Expression of genes like ABC transporter was observed only at 35oC, while other genes like 1, 3 glucan hydrolase expressed maximum at 25oC after 24, 48 and 72 hrs post inoculation. Present study suggested that the expression of pathogenicity related genes in mungbean-R. solani system is dependent on the temperature and time interval post pathogen inoculation.

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