Comment to “The effects of Kinesio taping of lower limbs on functional mobility, spasticity, and range of motion of children with spastic cerebral palsy” by Mirjavad Tabatabaee et al.

Abstract Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurological disease in a growing brain. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of kinesio taping (KT) of the lower limbs on functional mobility, spasticity, and range of motion (ROM) of children with cerebral palsy. Methods Thirty children with spastic cerebral palsy aged 3 to 10 years old were selected from pediatric rehabilitation clinics. Subjects were divided randomly into intervention and control groups. Each group contains 15 subjects. Both groups received kinesio taping along with occupational therapy for 2 weeks. In the intervention group, kinesio taping was applied in a treatment mode with suitable tension; however, taping was applied in the control group in a sham mode. Timed get up and go (TUG), Modified Modified Ashworth (MMA), and goniometer tests were used prior to the intervention and 2 days and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results Short-term application of kinesio taping in the intervention group did not lead to significant changes in ROM (P = 0.582), muscle tone (P = 0.317), and functional mobility (P = 0.320). However, long-term application of kinesio taping improved the range of motion, muscle tone, and functional mobility (P < 0.05). No significant change has been observed in the control group in different intervals. Conclusion The findings indicated that kinesio taping can increase ROM of the knee and reduce spasticity. It also can improve the functional mobility. Therefore, it seems that kinesio taping is efficient for rehabilitation of spastic CP as a reliable treatment method. Trial registration IRCT, IRCT2017082135822N1, Registered 19 September 2017, https://fa.irct.ir/IRCT2017082135822N1.

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Effect of Different Kinesio Taping Applications on Ankle Range in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Study

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2018/v1i313059 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Alaa N. Kora ◽

Faten H. Abdelazeim ◽

Khaled A. Olama ◽

Ehab R. Abdol Raouf ◽

Osama R. Abdelraouf

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Physical Therapy ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Outpatient Clinic ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

Kinesio Tape ◽

Kinesio Taping ◽

Therapy Program ◽

Physical Therapy Program ◽

Calf Muscles

Background and Purpose: Spastic cerebral palsy is accompanied with an increase in calf muscles’ spasticity and a decrease in the ankle range of motion. The purpose of the study was to compare muscle inhibitory with functional corrective Kinesio taping applications on children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: Thirty two children with spastic cerebral palsy were selected from the outpatient clinic of the faculty of Physical Therapy Cairo University. Muscle inhibitory and functional corrective Kinesio taping applications in addition to physical therapy program were applied for three successive months. Digital Goniometer was used to assess the ankle range of motion pre and post Kinesio tape applications. Results: The study revealed that that the functional corrective Kinesio taping is more effective in increasing ankle range of motion than the muscle inhibitory. Conclusion: Functional Corrective Kinesio tape application is recommended for increasing ankle range of motion in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

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Functional outcomes following selective posterior rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1991.74.3.0380 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 380-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

Warwick J. Peacock ◽

Loretta A. Staudt

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

Range Of Movement ◽

Content Type ◽

Before And After ◽

The Status ◽

Selective Posterior Rhizotomy

✓ The recent increase in popularity of selective posterior rhizotomy demands objective documentation of surgical outcome. For this reason, the authors have analyzed the status of 25 children with spastic cerebral palsy before and after rhizotomy to determine the effects of this therapy on muscle tone, range of movement, and motor function. Postoperative tests showed a reduction in muscle tone compared with preoperative assessments. Range of motion in the lower extremities was significantly increased and improvements in functional gross motor skills were noted. An increase in range of motion in the knees and thighs during gait was detected in 18 ambulatory patients studied with computerized two-dimensional motion analysis. Preliminary findings indicate that selective posterior rhizotomy reduced spasticity, thereby increasing range of motion and contributing to improvements in active functional mobility.

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Short-term Gait Parameters Change in Mild Spastic Cerebral Palsy after Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy Guided by Our Newly-Modified Protocol

10.21203/rs.3.rs-278334/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

wenbin jiang ◽

Shuyun Jiang ◽

Yan Yu ◽

Qijia Zhan ◽

Min Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽

Gait Parameters

Abstract Background Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) guided by our modified protocol can decrease spasticity in certain muscles. This study aimed to investigate gait parameters changes in cerebral palsy (CP) with focal spasticity after SDR in short-term follow-up. Methods CP classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level Ⅰ and Ⅱ who underwent SDR were included. Changes of spasticity, gait parameters and gait deviation index (GDI) were retrospectively reviewed. Results This study contained 26 individuals with 44 affected and 8 intact lower limbs (4 monoplegia, 4 hemiplegia and 18 diplegia). Mean age was 5.7 ± 1.9 years-old and follow-up duration was 9.9 ± 6.6 months. After SDR, average spasticity of 108 target muscles decreased from 2.9 ± 0.8 to 1.8 ± 0.6 in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Kinematic curves changed after the surgery in sagittal and transverse plane in affected sides, further investigation showed improvements in ankle and knee. No changes were found in temporal-spatial parameters except decrease in cadence in affected sides. GDI improved significantly in affected limbs. Conclusion In short-term follow up, the new-protocol-guiding SDR can lower focal spasticity, GA showed improvements in kinematic parameters and GDI. Longer follow-up duration is needed to clarify the long-term outcome.

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The effect of trunk kinesio taping on static and dynamic balance and functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy

Sport Sciences for Health ◽

10.1007/s11332-020-00660-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bahar Partoazar ◽

Behnaz Ganji ◽

Hamid Dalvand ◽

Alireza Shamsoddini

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Kinesio Taping ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy

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Changes in Ankle Range of Motion, Gait Function and Standing Balance in Children with Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy after Ankle Mobilization by Manual Therapy

Children ◽

10.3390/children7090142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Pong Sub Youn ◽

Kyun Hee Cho ◽

Shin Jun Park

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Ankle Joint ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Standing Balance ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

Control Group ◽

Walk Test ◽

Joint Mobilization ◽

Gait Function

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ankle joint mobilization in children with cerebral palsy (CP) to ankle range of motion (ROM), gait, and standing balance. We recruited 32 children (spastic diplegia) diagnosed with CP and categorized them in two groups: the ankle joint mobilization (n = 16) group and sham joint mobilization (n = 16) group. Thus, following a six-week ankle joint mobilization, we examined measures such as passive ROM in ankle dorsiflexion in the sitting and supine position, center of pressure (COP) displacements (sway length, area) with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC), and a gait function test (timed up and go test (TUG) and 10-m walk test). The dorsiflexion ROM, TUG, and 10-m walk test significantly increased in the mobilization group compared to the control group. Ankle joint mobilization can be regarded as a promising method to increase dorsiflexion and improve gait in CP-suffering children.

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Cerebral palsy and rhizotomy: A 3-year follow-up evaluation with gait analysis

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1991.74.2.0178 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 178-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Christopher L. Vaughan ◽

Barbara Berman ◽

Warwick J. Peacock

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Gait Analysis ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Stride Length ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

Normal Range ◽

Early Functional Outcome ◽

Selective Posterior Rhizotomy

✓ A recent increase in the popularity of selective posterior rhizotomy for reduction of spasticity in cerebral palsy has led to a demand for more objective studies of outcome and long-term follow-up results. The authors present the results of gait analysis on 14 children with spastic cerebral palsy, who underwent selective posterior rhizotomy in 1985. Sagittal plane gait patterns were studied before surgery and at 1 and 3 years after surgery using a digital camera system. The parameters measured included the range of motion at the knee and thigh, stride length, speed of walking, and cadence. The range of motion at the knee was significantly increased at 1 year after surgery and further improved to a nearly normal range at 3 years after surgery. In contrast, postoperative measurements of thigh range exceeded normal values at 1 year, but decreased toward normal range at 3 years. While improvements in range of motion continued between Years 1 and 3, the children developed a more extended thigh and knee position, which indicated a more upright walking posture. Stride length and speed of walking also improved, while cadence remained essentially unchanged. This 3-year follow-up study, the first to examine rhizotomy using an objective approach, has provided some encouraging results regarding early functional outcome.

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A Study of Effects of Intervention of Botulinum Toxin- A on Lower Limb in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Indian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.5005/ijopmr-26-4-94 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 94-101

Author(s):

U Singh ◽

Raj Kumar ◽

Sanjay Wadhwa ◽

SL Yadav

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Stride Length ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Step Length ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

Toxin A ◽

Base Of Support

Abstract Objective Analysis of clinical gait pattern, change in spasticity and range of motion (ROM) in cerebral palsy patient (CP) with spastic lower limb muscle after injecting botulinum toxin- A. Study Design Prospective study Methods 28 children (18 male and 10 female) with spastic CP had problems in normal walking, aged 2–9 years (mean age 4.65 years), consecutively treated in the PMR department over a 2-year period, were prospectively followed-up and clinically assessed pre- and post-treatment (at 2 weeks and 2 months) both objectively and subjectively. Objective assessment included gait parameters -- stride length, cadence, velocity, step length, base of support; active and passive range of motion (ROM), (measured by goniometry) and spasticity on modified Ashworth scale. Subjective assessment was done by asking questionnaire in terms of comfort, ease of care, perineal hygiene, walking. Injections were given using clinical palpatory method on OPD basis. All patients received botulinum toxin-A injections, followed with exercises and activities and orthosis as needed. Results Significant improvement was achieved for spasticity reduction in gastrocnemius (p< 0.001), hamstring and adductor (p=0.050), ankle AROM & PROM (p< 0.001), active knee extension (p=0.009), popliteal angle (p=0.015) and percentage left and right foot contact (p< 0.001), whereas non-significant change was observed in step length, cadence, velocity, stride length, and base of support. Parents felt subjective improvement in most of the cases (>90%). Conclusions Botulinum toxin- A injection is effective in the treatment of spastic lower limb muscles for equinus/ crouching/scissoring gait in cerebral palsy children. The treatment was feasible and easily implemented. Botulinum toxin- A injections were well tolerated, yielded no serious treatment-related adverse events.

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Effect of Passive Range of Motion Exercises on Lower-Extremity Goniometric Measurements of Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Design

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/82.7.658 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (7) ◽

pp. 658-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sherri L Cadenhead ◽

Irene R McEwen ◽

David M Thompson

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

Single Subject ◽

Single Subject Design ◽

Subject Design ◽

Spastic Quadriplegia ◽

Goniometric Measurements

Abstract Background and Purpose. People with spastic cerebral palsy often receive passive stretching that is intended to maintain or increase joint passive range of motion (PROM) even though the effectiveness of these exercises has not been definitively demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PROM exercises on 6 adults with spastic quadriplegia and contractures. Participants. Four men and 2 women (X̄=31 years of age, range=20–44 years) who lived in an institution for people with mental retardation participated in the study. Methods. The authors used 2 multiple baseline designs. Three participants (group 1) received lower-extremity PROM exercises during phase A; PROM exercises were discontinued during phase B. Three participants (group 2) did not receive PROM exercises during phase A; PROM exercises were initiated during phase B. Data were analyzed using visual analysis and the C statistic. Results. Results varied with the method of analysis; however, phase A and phase B measurements, overall, did not differ for either group. Discussion and Conclusion. This study demonstrated use of a single-subject design to measure the effect of PROM exercises on adults with cerebral palsy. The authors concluded that the PROM exercise protocol did not have an effect on the lower-extremity goniometric measurements of the participants.

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Why is joint range of motion limited in patients with cerebral palsy?

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1177/1753193412444401 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 8-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. de Bruin ◽

M. J. C. Smeulders ◽

M. Kreulen

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

Joint Angles ◽

Joint Range Of Motion ◽

Joint Range ◽

Selection Of Patients ◽

Selection Of

Patients with spastic cerebral palsy of the upper limb typically present with various problems including an impaired range of motion that affects the positioning of the upper extremity. This impaired range of motion often develops into contractures that further limit functioning of the spastic hand and arm. Understanding why these contractures develop in cerebral palsy will affect the selection of patients suitable for surgical treatment as well as the choice for specific surgical procedures. The generally accepted hypothesis in patients with spastic cerebral palsy is that the hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex combined with increased muscle tone result in extreme angles of the involved joints at rest. Ultimately, these extreme joint angles are thought to result in fixed joint postures. There is no consensus in the literature concerning the pathophysiology of this process. Several hypotheses associated with inactivity and overactivity have been tested by examining the secondary changes in spastic muscle and its surrounding tissue. All hypotheses implicate different secondary changes that consequently require different clinical approaches. In this review, the different hypotheses concerning the development of limited joint range of motion in cerebral palsy are discussed in relation to their secondary changes on the musculoskeletal system.

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