scholarly journals Electrical stimulation of renal nerves for modulating urine glucose excretion in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Jiman ◽  
Kavaljit H. Chhabra ◽  
Alfor G. Lewis ◽  
Paul S. Cederna ◽  
Randy J. Seeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Urine Glucose ◽  
Urine Glucose Excretion ◽  
Glucose Excretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hypothalamic projections of renal afferent nerves in the cat

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ciriello ◽  
F. R. Calaresu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Preoptic Nucleus ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

In 10 cats anaesthetized with chloralose the electrical activity of spontaneously active hypothalamic units was recorded for changes in discharge rate during electrical stimulation of renal afferent nerves. The discharge rate of 141 single units was altered by stimulation of either the ipsilateral or contralateral renal nerves. Most of the responsive units were located in the regions of lateral preoptic nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, and paraventricular nucleus. These results demonstrate that renal afferent nerves provide information to hypothalamic structures known to be involved in the regulation of arterial pressure and fluid balance.

Afferent renal inputs to paraventricular nucleus vasopressin and oxytocin neurosecretory neurons

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. R1745-R1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ciriello
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Spontaneous Discharge ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Neurosecretory Neurons ◽  
Discharge Patterns ◽  
Stimulation Of

Extracellular single-unit recording experiments were done in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerves (ARN) and renal vein (RVO) or artery (RAO) occlusion on the discharge rate of putative arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (Oxy) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). PVH neurons antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the neurohypophysis were classified as either AVP or Oxy secreting on the basis of their spontaneous discharge patterns and response to activation of arterial baroreceptors. Ninety-eight putative neurosecretory neurons in the PVH were tested for their response to electrical stimulation of ARN: 44 were classified as putative AVP and 54 as putative Oxy neurons. Of the 44 AVP neurons, 52% were excited, 7% were inhibited, and 41% were nonresponsive to ARN stimulation. Of the 54 Oxy neurons, 43% were excited, 6% inhibited, and 51% were not affected by ARN. An additional 45 neurosecretory neurons (29 AVP and 16 Oxy neurons) were tested for their responses to RVO and/or RAO. RVO inhibited 42% of the putative AVP neurons and 13% of the putative Oxy neurons. On the other hand, RAO excited 33% of the AVP and 9% of the Oxy neurons. No AVP or Oxy neurons were found to be excited by RVO or inhibited by RAO. These data indicate that sensory information originating in renal receptors alters the activity of AVP and Oxy neurons in the PVH and suggest that these renal receptors contribute to the hypothalamic control of AVP and Oxy release into the circulation.

Regional responsiveness of renal perfusion to activation of the renal nerves

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (5) ◽  
pp. R1177-R1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane Guild ◽  
Gabriela A. Eppel ◽  
Simon C. Malpas ◽  
Niwanthi W. Rajapakse ◽  
Alistair Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Doppler Flux ◽  
Stimulation Of

We tested for regional differences in perfusion responses, within the renal medulla and cortex, to renal nerve stimulation in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rabbits. Laser-Doppler flux (LDF) was monitored at various depths below the cortical surface (1–15 mm). Basal cortical LDF (1–3 mm, ∼200–450 U) was greater than medullary LDF (5–15 mm, ∼70–160 U), but there were no statistically significant differences in basal LDF within these regions. The background LDF signal during aortic occlusion was similar in the cortex (2 mm, 31 U) and outer medulla (7 mm, 31 U), but slightly greater in the inner medulla (12 mm, 44 U). During electrical stimulation of the renal nerves (0.5–8 Hz), cortical LDF and total renal blood flow were similarly progressively reduced with increasing stimulus frequency. Medullary LDF (measured between 5 and 15 mm) was overall less responsive than cortical LDF. For example, 4-Hz stimulation reduced inner medullary LDF (9 mm) by 19 ± 6% but reduced cortical LDF (1 mm) by 54 ± 11%. However, medullary LDF responses to nerve stimulation were similar at all depths measured. Our results indicate that while the vascular elements controlling medullary perfusion are less sensitive to the effects of electrical stimulation of the renal nerves than are those controlling cortical perfusion, sensitivity within these vascular territories appears to be relatively homogeneous.

Responses of thoracolumbar spinal neurons to renal artery occlusion

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. H1515-H1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ammons ◽  
R. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Renal Artery Occlusion ◽  
C Fiber ◽  
Alpha Chloralose ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were performed to examine responses of spinal neurons to activation of renal chemoreceptors during renal artery occlusion (RAO). One hundred twenty-two spinal neurons were studied in 33 cats that were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Cells studied in the L2-T11 segments were excited by electrical stimulation of the renal nerves and responded to stimulation of somatic structures. RAO (90 s) excited 67 cells (55%). Twenty-eight cells were excited at the onset of occlusion (from 5 +/- 1 to 27 +/- 5 spikes/s) and then either completely or partially adapted (ON responses). Another 39 cells were excited at the onset of occlusion, adapted to varying degrees, and then exhibited a second increase in activity beginning 41 +/- 7 s into the occlusion period [onset-ischemic (ON/IS) responses]. The secondary increase reached a peak of 15 +/- 2 spikes/s 65 s after occlusion. Among the responding cells, ON responses were associated with cells receiving A delta only or with cells with A delta- and C-fiber renal inputs. In contrast, 100% of cells with ON/IS response received both A delta- and C-fiber inputs. Probability of finding responding cells was greatest in the most rostral segments. We conclude that ON responses to RAO are due to activation of mechanoreceptors in the renal artery. ON/IS responses must have resulted from activation of mechanoreceptors followed by activation of renal chemoreceptors in association with development of renal ischemia. These data provide evidence for activation of spinal neurons by RAO. These neurons may be important for renal reflexes of chemoreceptor origin.

scholarly journals Lipid Accumulation Product Combined With Urine Glucose Excretion Improves the Efficiency of Diabetes Screening in Chinese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Hong Sun ◽  
Shanhu Qiu ◽  
Hu Tao ◽  
Jiangyi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Lipid Accumulation Product ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Urine Glucose ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Urine Glucose Excretion ◽  
Glucose Excretion ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

BackgroundTo compare the efficacy of lipid accumulation product (LAP) and urine glucose excretion (UGE) in predicting diabetes and evaluate whether the combination of LAP and UGE would help to improve the efficacy of using LAP alone or UGE alone in identifying diabetes.MethodsData from 7485 individuals without prior history of diabetes who participated in a cross-sectional survey in Jiangsu, China, were analyzed. Each participant underwent an oral glucose-tolerance test. Operating characteristic curves (ROC) and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the performance of LAP and UGE in identification of newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM) and prediabetes (PDM).ResultsFor subjects with NDM, the area under the ROC curve was 0.72 for LAP and 0.85 for UGE, whereas for PDM, these values were 0.62 and 0.61, respectively. Furthermore, LAP exhibited a comparable sensitivity with UGE in detecting NDM (76.4% vs 76.2%, p = 0.31). In predicting PDM, LAP showed a higher sensitivity than UGE (66.4% vs 42.8%, p < 0.05). The combination of LAP and UGE demonstrated a significantly higher sensitivity than that of LAP alone and UGE alone for identification of NDM (93.6%) and PDM (80.1%). Moreover, individuals with both high LAP and high UGE had significantly increased risk of NDM and PDM than those with both low LAP and low UGE.ConclusionsThe combination of LAP and UGE substantially improved the efficacy of using LAP and using UGE alone in detecting diabetes, and may be a novel approach for mass screening in the general population.

Properties of renobulbar afferent fibers in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. R113-R119
Author(s):  
M. M. Knuepfer ◽  
L. P. Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Intrarenal Pressure ◽  
Sensory Fibers ◽  
Stimulation Of

Myelinated renobulbar sensory fibers project directly from the kidney to the dorsomedial medulla. They can be activated by punctate stimulation of the kidney. In these experiments we studied the physiological modality and the intrarenal locations of the receptors for renobulbar fibers. Renobulbar fibers were identified in recordings from the renal nerves of anesthetized rats. Although nonmyelinated renal afferent fibers were activated by increased intrarenal pressure and by chemical stimuli, no renobulbar fiber activated by punctate mechanical stimulation was activated by these other stimuli. Occasionally single fibers could be activated by punctate stimulation of two or more sites on the surface of the kidney, and responses from each site could be selectively blocked with a local anesthetic. Renobulbar fibers could be activated by electrical stimulation of discrete regions deep within the renal parenchyma. Increased intrarenal pressure increased the sensitivity of receptors to punctate stimulation but not to electrical stimulation of the kidney. We conclude that myelinated renal afferent fibers in the rat respond to external mechanical stimuli, lie deep within the renal parenchyma, and occasionally have more than one receptor.

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