scholarly journals Development of a support system for creating disaster prevention maps focusing on road networks and hazardous elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaname Takenouchi ◽  
Ikuro Choh
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Support System ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Hazardous Elements ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
Prevention Measure

AbstractAs a disaster prevention measure based on self-assistance and mutual assistance, disaster prevention maps are being created with citizen participation throughout Japan. The process of creating disaster prevention maps is itself a disaster prevention measure that contributes to raising awareness of disaster prevention by promoting exchange and cooperation within the region. By focusing on relations between road networks and hazardous elements, we developed a system to support disaster prevention map creation that visualizes roads at high risk during a disaster and facilitates the study of evacuation simulations. This system leads to a completed disaster prevention map in three phases. In the first phase, we use a device with GPS logging functions to collect information related to hazardous elements. In the second phase, we use Google Maps (“online map,” below) to visualize roads with high evacuation risk. In the final phase, we perform a regional evaluation through simulations of disaster-time evacuations. In experimental verifications, by conducting usability tests after creating a disaster prevention map in the target area, we evaluated the system in terms of simple operability and visibility. We found that by implementing this series of processes, even users lacking specialized knowledge regarding disaster prevention can intuitively discover evacuation routes while considering the relations between visualized road networks and hazardous elements. These results show that compared with disaster prevention maps having simple site notations using existing WebGIS systems, disaster prevention maps created by residents while inspecting the target area raise awareness of risks present in the immediate vicinity even in normal times and are an effective support system for prompt disaster prevention measures and evacuation drills.

Persepsi tentang Banjir dan Partisipasi Warga dalam Strategi Mitigasi Bencana pada Komunitas Rawan Banjir

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Heradhyta Amalia Primadhani ◽  
Nurmala K Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Selection Of

Disasters can damage and cause harm from various aspects of life. Every individual can prevent disasters with disaster prevention measures. The actions taken are influenced by the perception of disaster. Perception is an element that supports citizen participation in disaster prevention efforts. The purpose of this study are to identify and analyze perceptions about disasters and citizen participation in disaster mitigation strategies. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey methods and is supported by qualitative data through in-depth interviews and observations. The number of samples chosen using incidental techniques amounted to 45 respondents. The selection of informants is done intentionally. The results showed that individual characteristics were not significantly related to the perception of disaster. Communities that perceive disasters well, make the community increasingly involved in disaster mitigation strategies but in carrying out personal responsibilities are less involved.Keywords: disaster, mitigation, participation, perception

scholarly journals Persepsi tentang Banjir dan Partisipasi Warga dalam Strategi Mitigasi Bencana pada Komunitas Rawan Banjir

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Heradhyta Amalia Primadhani ◽  
Nurmala K Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Selection Of

Disasters can damage and cause harm from various aspects of life. Every individual can prevent disasters with disaster prevention measures. The actions taken are influenced by the perception of disaster. Perception is an element that supports citizen participation in disaster prevention efforts. The purpose of this study are to identify and analyze perceptions about disasters and citizen participation in disaster mitigation strategies. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey methods and is supported by qualitative data through in-depth interviews and observations. The number of samples chosen using incidental techniques amounted to 45 respondents. The selection of informants is done intentionally. The results showed that individual characteristics were not significantly related to the perception of disaster. Communities that perceive disasters well, make the community increasingly involved in disaster mitigation strategies but in carrying out personal responsibilities are less involved.Keywords: disaster, mitigation, participation, perception

Mixed-Methods Evaluation as Scaffold to the Development of a Mobile Health Application to Support the Prescription of Wheelchairs and Postural Support Devices (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Klein ◽  
Roseli de Deus Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo Suigh
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Mixed Methods Evaluation ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Postural Support ◽  
Support Devices

BACKGROUND EasySeating is a mobile health (mHealth) app that supports the prescription of wheelchair and postural support devices (WPSD). It can be used by occupational therapists (OT) and physiotherapists (PT) who prescribe WPSD. The app offers a standardization of the prescription procedure, showing images, metrics and details that guide the prescriber to decide on the best equipment. It was developed with an iterative mixed-methods evaluation approach. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the processes involved in the prescription of WPSD and to propose, develop and evaluate a mHealth to support OT and PT prescribers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the processes involved in the prescription of WPSD and to propose, develop and evaluate a mHealth to support OT and PT prescribers. METHODS This study was divided into three phases and was carried out as an iterative process composed of user consulting/testing (using a mixed-methods evaluation approach), system (re)design and software development. The first phase consisted of the collection of qualitative and quantitative data to map and understand the users requirements and of the development of the first prototype (v1) of the app. This data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews with 14 OT and PT prescribers, 5 specialized technicians and 5 WPSD users. The second phase aimed at improving the overall functionality of the app and consisted in the development, test and evaluation of the prototypes v1, v2, v3 and v4. A total of 59 prescribers tested and evaluated these prototypes by means of open interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and focus groups. The third phase focused in the usability aspects of the app. It consisted in the development and test of the prototype v5. Eight technology specialists assessed its usability through heuristics evaluation. RESULTS Data collected in phase one indicated there is a lack of standardization on the prescription of postural support devices (PSD). A divergent nomenclature for the PSDs was also found and classified in eight categories. These information guided the development of the first prototype of the EasySeating app. Phase two results pointed that the prescribers value the insertion of the app into their clinical practice, as it accelerates and increases the quality of the evaluation process and improves the organization of the prescription information. Significant suggestions for the improvement of the app were given during the users tests, including the use of images to represent the PSDs. The usability tests from the third phase revealed two strong issues that must be solved: the need of greater feedback and failures in the persistence of the input data. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that there is a lack of systematization of the WPSD prescription process. The evaluation of the developed EasySeating app demonstrated that there is a potential to standardize, integrate and organize the WPSD prescription information, supporting and facilitating the decision making process of the prescribers. CLINICALTRIAL This study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the Universidade de São Paulo (registered protocol n°53929516.6.0000.0065) URL - http://plataformabrasil.saude.gov.br/login.jsf

scholarly journals School in Italy: a safe place for children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Villani ◽  
Luana Coltella ◽  
Stefania Ranno ◽  
Federico Bianchi di Castelbianco ◽  
Paola Maria Murru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
School Closure ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
The Third ◽  
Safety Procedures

Abstract Background During the first SARS-CoV-2 pandemic phase, the sudden closure of schools was one of the main measures to minimize the spread of the virus. In the second phase, several safety procedures were implemented to avoid school closure. To evaluate if the school is a safe place, students and staff of two school complexes of Rome were monitored to evaluate the efficacy of prevention measures inside the school buildings. Methods Oral secretions specimens were collected from 1262 subjects for a total of 3431 samples, collected over a 3 months period. Detection of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was performed by real-time PCR. Target genes were represented by E gene, RdRP/S gene and N gene. Results Among the 3431 samples analyzed, just 16 sample resulted as positive or low positive: 1 sample in the first month, 12 samples in the second month and 3 in the third month. In each period of evaluation, all positive children attended different classes. Conclusions Even if the school has the potential for spreading viruses, our preliminary results show the efficacy of the implementations undertaken in this setting to minimize virus diffusion. Our evidence suggests that school does not act as an amplifier for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and can be really considered a safe place for students.

scholarly journals Taking the Cloth: How Religious Appeals Increase Compliance with COVID-19 Prevention Measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Adida ◽  
Christina Cottiero ◽  
Leonardo Falabella ◽  
Isabel Gotti ◽  
Syeda ShahBano Ijaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Prevention Measure ◽  
Prevention Guidelines

During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have been recommended by the CDC and the WHO as key to reducing viral transmission. Yet, in the United States, one fifth of individuals say they wear masks at most some of the time, and a majority say that people in their community wear masks at most some of the time. What strategies most effectively encourage compliance with this critical covid-19 prevention measure? Relying on social identity theory, we experimentally assess two possible mechanisms of compliance, elite endorsement and social norms, among a representative sample of White U.S.–born Evangelicals, a group that has shown resistance to prevention measures. We find evidence for both mechanisms, but social norms play a remarkably important role – increasing support for mask-wearing by 6% with spillover effects on other prevention guidelines. Our findings confirm the role that appeals to norms and elite endorsements play in shaping individual behavior, and offer lessons for public health messaging.

scholarly journals Lessons learnt from CBR practice at Hua Don Primary Health Care, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phaksachiphon Khanthong ◽  
Chatchadapon Chaiyasat ◽  
Chayada Danuwong
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Community Leader ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Essential Skills

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the capacity map of professional learning community (PLC) practicing community-based research (CBR) in Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Thailand, and the implementation of the lessons learnt from the process and essential skills at Hua Don Primary Health Care (PHC).Design/methodology/approachParticipatory action research (PAR) design was conducted in two phases, one on campus and the other in the PHC. For gathering and validating the data, the snowball sampling technique, focus group, in-depth interviews and the triangulation method were used.FindingsThe PLC capacity map from the first phase provided the essential skills of CBR and the second phase revealed lessons learnt from the implementation in the Hua Don PHC. The shortcut in researching a new target area by a collaboration of the community leader and village health volunteers was prominent. The results could be interpreted in creating collaboration in health care with a new community.Originality/valueThe capacity map is a practical guideline for a beginner or CBR novice researcher, and the lessons learnt help the implementation in the health field, particularly in PHC, succeed smoothly.

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