scholarly journals Ultrasound measurement of fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness as a predictor of large versus small fetuses for gestational age

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa A. Khalifa ◽  
Shaimaa A. Hassanein ◽  
Hazem H. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight

Abstract Background Commonly used ultrasound fetal weight estimation formulas show variable degrees of error which is more evident in fetuses with nutritional and metabolic issues; better accuracy of fetal weight estimation can be obtained by incorporation of fetal soft tissue parameters like the fetal subcutaneous tissue in the weight estimation process. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness (FASTT) as an indicator of fetal birth weight. Results FASTT showed a high significant statistical correlation with fetal birth weight (r = 0.94, P value = 0.00); it showed higher sensitivity for large for gestational age (LGA) than small for gestational age (SGA) (90.9% and 86.9%, respectively). The best cutoff value for the detection of LGA was ≥ 9.2 mm and ≤ 4.5 for SGA. FASTT showed lower accuracy than abdominal circumference (AC) as an indicator of LGA (92% versus 96%, respectively). Used alone, FASTT is less sensitive than Hadlock formula in both LGA and SGA (90.9% versus 94.5% in LGA and 86.9% versus 88.9% for SGA, respectively). There was no statistical correlation between FASTT and mode of delivery (r = 0.09, P value = 0.23) nor fetal gender (r = 0.15, P value = 0.11) Conclusion FASTT is a good indicator of fetal birth weight especially LGA, yet it is less sensitive than AC in the prediction of LGA. It cannot be used as a predictor of mode of delivery and not affected by fetal gender.

scholarly journals Validation of Sonographic Fetal Weight Estimators Among Term Parturients in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senai Goitom Sereke ◽  
Richard Okello Omara ◽  
Felix Bongomin ◽  
Sarah Nakubulwa ◽  
Harriet Nalubega Kisembo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Mulago National Referral Hospital ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight

Abstract BackgroundAccuracy of fetal weight estimation by ultrasound is essential in making decisions on the time and mode of delivery. There are many proposed formulas for fetal weight estimation such as Hadlock 1, Hadlock 2, Hadlock 3, Hadlock 4 and Shepard. What best applies to the Ugandan population isn’t known since no validation of any of the formulas has been done before. The primary aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of sonographic estimation of fetal weight using five most commonly used formulas, and analyze formula variations for different weight ranges. MethodsThis was a hospital based prospective cohort study at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. A total of 356 pregnant women who consented and were within three days of birth, prenatal ultrasound fetal weight determined by measuring the biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femoral length, and then was compared with actual birth weight. ResultsThe overall accuracy of Hadlock 1, Hadlock 2, Hadlock 3, Hadlock 4 and Shepard formula were 66.9%, 73.3%, 77.3%, 78.4% and 69.7% respectively. All Hadlocks showed significant mean difference between weight estimates and actual birth weight (p<0.01) whereas Shepard formula did not [p - 0.2], when no stratification of fetal weights was done. However, all Hadlocks showed a none significant (p-values > 0.05) mean difference between weight estimates and actual birth weight when the actual birth weight was ≥4000.0gms. Shepard weight estimates showed a none significant mean difference when actual birth weight was <4000gms. Bland-Altman graphs also showed a better agreement of weight estimated by Shepard formula and actual birth weights. ConclusionAll the five formulas were accurate at estimating actual birth weights within 10% accuracy. However, this accuracy varied with the fetal birth weight. Shepard was more accurate in estimating actual birth weights <4000grams whereas all Hadlocks were more accurate when the actual birthweight was ≥ 4000grams.

scholarly journals Prospective verification of sonographic fetal weight estimators among term parturients in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senai Goitom Sereke ◽  
Richard Okello Omara ◽  
Felix Bongomin ◽  
Sarah Nakubulwa ◽  
Harriet Nalubega Kisembo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Mulago National Referral Hospital ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight

Abstract Background Accuracy of fetal weight estimation by ultrasound is essential in making decisions on the time and mode of delivery. There are many proposed formulas for fetal weight estimation such as Hadlock 1, Hadlock 2, Hadlock 3, Hadlock 4 and Shepard. What best applies to the Ugandan population is not known since no verification of any of the formulas has been done before. The primary aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of sonographic estimation of fetal weight using five most commonly used formulas, and analyze formula variations for different weight ranges. Methods This was a hospital based prospective cohort study at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. A total of 356 pregnant women who consented and were within 3 days of birth were enrolled. Prenatal ultrasound fetal weight determined by measuring the biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femoral length, and then was compared with actual birth weight. Results The overall accuracy of Hadlock 1, Hadlock 2, Hadlock 3, Hadlock 4 and Shepard formula were 66.9, 73.3, 77.3, 78.4 and 69.7% respectively. All Hadlocks showed significant mean difference between weight estimates and actual birth weight (p < 0.01) whereas Shepard formula did not [p - 0.2], when no stratification of fetal weights was done. However, all Hadlocks showed a none significant (p-values > 0.05) mean difference between weight estimates and actual birth weight when the actual birth weight was ≥4000.0 g. Shepard weight estimates showed a none significant mean difference when actual birth weight was < 4000 g. Bland-Altman graphs also showed a better agreement of weight estimated by Shepard formula and actual birth weights. Conclusion All the five formulas were accurate at estimating actual birth weights within 10% accuracy. However, this accuracy varied with the fetal birth weight. Shepard was more accurate in estimating actual birth weights < 4000 g whereas all Hadlocks were more accurate when the actual birthweight was ≥4000 g.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Ultrasonographic Fetal Weight Estimation Accuracy in Low Birth Weight Newborns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin Tuten ◽  
Onur Guralp ◽  
Koray Gok ◽  
Abdullah Tuten ◽  
Altay Gezer
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of fetal weight estimation made by the last prenatal ultrasound measurement in low birth weight newborns (<2500 g). Study Design: A total of 1082 women were evaluated in this retrospective cohort study. Demographic and clinical information of the mother and newborn and obstetric ultrasonography measurements and findings performed in the last week before birth were recorded. Accuracy of fetal weight estimation and parameters affecting it was investigated. Results: Accurate estimation rates were lower in the term compared to the preterm delivery group; and in the SGA group compared to the AGA group (respectively, p=0.016, p=0.032). Accurate estimation rates (p=0.182) were comparable between the 500-1500 g and 1501-2500 g subgroups. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that gestational age at birth, birth weight, examination during labor, and duration between examination to delivery were statistically significant for the accurate estimation(p=0.001) Conclusions: Accurate estimation rates were lower in the term compared to the preterm delivery group, and in the SGA group compared to the AGA group. The factors affecting accurate estimation were found to be gestational age at birth, birth weight, examination during labor, and duration between examination to delivery.Keywords: Accurate estimation rate, Duration between examination to delivery, Examination during

scholarly journals The Accuracy of the Weight of the Fetal Agency Using Ultrasound Based on the Formula Hadlock Compared to the Birth of New Body Weight

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurbaiti . ◽  
Sri Haryati Gofar ◽  
Samsun . ◽  
Guntur Winarno ◽  
Akhmadi .
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

The purpose of this study is to analyze the result of the calculation of fetal weight estimation based on Hadlock’s formula with baby birth weight. The design of this research is quantitative analytic. The data is analyzed by the t-test. The results of this study showed that the analysis of the average comparison between TBJ (Fetal Weight Estimation) and BBL (Fetal Birth Weight) is 2623,60 with 2946,67. There is a significant difference with the value of sig.(2-tailed) 0,000 <0,05, which means there is a significant difference between the estimated fetal weight based on Hadlock’s formula with baby birth weight. Based on the result of the study of fetal weight interpretation using Hadlock’s formula, an accuracy of 89,34% was seen.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Fetal Weight Estimation Using Hadlock II Formula

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Dwi Pratika Anjarwati ◽  
Yudhistya Ngudi Insan Ksyatria ◽  
Widardo Widardo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

abstract Objective: to investigate the accuracy of estimated fetal weight using Hadlock II formula in RSUD Dr Moewardi. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at RSUD Dr Moewardi in June 2017. Subjects were women who gave birth at RSUD Dr Moewardi from August 2014 to March 2017. The method of collecting data by quoting the medical record as required. Data analysis was done by using linear regression statistic test. Result: By distribution, the number of samples that, according to the standard, is 81.67 %. With the value of R = 0.706 which means that the relationship between two research variables are strong and the value of R Square = 0.499 which means that estimated fetal weight using Hadlock II formula has contribution 49.9 % on fetal birth weight and 50.1 % others by other factors. Conclusion: Fetal weight estimation using Hadlock II formula in RSUD Dr Moewardi has low accuracy. Operator skills training is required to improve the accuracy of estimated fetal weight. Keywords:  fetal birth weight,  fetal weight estimation, Hadlock II   abstrak Tujuan : Mengetahui keakuratan taksiran berat janin menggunakan rumus Hadlock II di RSUD Dr Moewardi. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di RSUD Dr Moewardi pada Juni 2017. Subjek penelitian ini adalah data rekam medis dari ibu hamil yang mengalami partus di RSUD Dr Moewardi pada Agustus 2014 – Maret 2017. Metode pengumpulan data dengan mengutip data rekam medis pasien sesuai ketentuan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji statistik regresi linier. Hasil : Secara distribusi, jumlah sampel yang memenuhi standar yaitu   81,67 %. Dengan nilai R = 0,706 yang artinya bahwa hubungan kedua variabel penelitian ada dalam kategori kuat dan nilai R Square = 0,499 yang berarti taksiran berat janin menggunakan rumus Hadlock II memiliki pengaruh kontribusi sebesar 49,9% terhadap berat bayi lahir sedangkan 50.1 % lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Kesimpulan : Taksiran berat janin menggunakan rumus Hadlock II  di RSUD Dr Moewardi kurang akurat. Perlu dilakukan pelatihan ketrampilan operator sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keakuratan taksiran berat janin.  Kata kunci:   berat bayi lahir , Hadlock II, , taksiran berat janin

scholarly journals Validation of Hadlock's and Shepard Formulae of Fetal Weight Estimation in Eastern Region of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 738-743
Author(s):  
Roshana Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Development Outcomes

Introduction: Ultrasonography plays a pivotal role in present day obstetrics. It has been well recognized that the fetuses of extremes of the normal birth weight range are associated with increased perinatal morbidity, mortality and adverse development outcomes. Categorization of fetal weight into either the small or large for gestational age may lead to timed obstetric interventions that collectively represent significant departure from routine antenatal care. Objective: To compare the accuracy of Hadlock's 1, 2, 3, 4 and Shepard model in estimating expected fetal weight and its comparison with actual birth weight in our population at eastern region of Nepal. Methodology A prospective observational study was performed in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Nobel Medical college and teaching hospital, Biratnagar, over a period of 6 months dated Jan 2018 to June 2018 using systematic random sampling with sample size estimated as 160, with 5% level of significance, 80% power of test and a maximum of 200 grams differences by our predicting model from actual mean weight. Singleton, term pregnancy (37- 42 weeks gestational age) verified with antenatal USG performed prior to 20 weeks' gestation. Pregnancies complicated by congenital anomalies and deliveries after 2 days of USG examination were excluded. Results: 159 pregnant ladies were enrolled in our study with mean age of 27.60 ± 5.633 years (range 18-43 years). The average (actual) birth weight recorded was 3450.79±438.73gms. The different formulae for estimating birth weight gave us similar results. Estimation of fetal weight by Shepard gave us a mean of 3340.80 ± 463.72. Hadlock1, Hadlock2, Hadlock3 and Hadlock4were 3546.55±429.92grams, 3491.18±439.49 grams, 3445.23 ±422.79grams, and 3446.12±418.43grams respectively. Conclusion: All four Hadlock formulae gave comparable results for fetal weight estimation including the Shepard formula; however, Shepard formula tends to underestimate fetal weight as compared to rest of the formulae. Among the Hadlock's, Hadlock 2 seems to show betier accuracy in fetal weight prediction in our population of study. The mean birth weight recorded using Hadlock 1 formula gave the beer correlation with the actual birth weight though the difference between four Hadlock formulae was all insignificant.

Discrepancy Analysis between Clinical Versus Ultrasound Estimated Fetal Weight and Actual Birth Weight at 3rd Trimester

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Naznin Rashid Shewly ◽  
Menoka Ferdous ◽  
Hasina Begum ◽  
Shahadat Hossain Khan ◽  
Sheema Rani Debee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
Obstetric Management ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Background: In obstetric management fetal weight estimation is an important consideration when planning the mode of delivery in our day to day practice. In Bangladesh low birth weight is a major public health problem & incidence is 38% - 58%. Neonatal mortality and morbidity also yet high. So accurate antenatal estimation of fetal weight is a good way to detect macrosomia or small for date baby. Thus to improve the pregnancy outcome and neonatal outcome decreasing various chance of neonatal mortality and morbidity antenatal fetal weight prediction is an invaluable parameter in some situation where to identify the at risk pregnancy for low birth weight become necessary. Reliable method for prenatal estimation of fetal weight two modalities have got popularity - Clinical estimation and another one is ultrasonic estimation. This study was designed to determine the accuracy of clinical versus ultrasound estimated fetal weight detecting the discrepancy with actual birth weight at third trimester. So that we can verify more reliable and accurate method. Objectives: To find out more accurate and reliable modality of fetal weight estimation in antenatal period during obstetric management planning. To compare clinical versus ultrasound estimated fetal weight & to determine discrepancy of both variable with actual birth weight. Method: This prospective, cross sectional analytical study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2006 to December 2006. By purposive sampling 100 pregnant women fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in my study in third trimester (29wks-40wks). In clinical weight estimation procedure SFH (Symphysio Fundal Height) was measured in centimeter. On pervaginal finding whether vertex below or above the ischial spine was determined. By Johnson’s formula fetal weight in grams was estimated. Then by ultrasound scan different biometric measurements were taken and finally by Hadlock’s formula fetal weight was estimated. Eventually actual birth weight was taken after birth by Globe Brand weighing machine. Accuracy of both modalities were compared and which one was more reliable predictor was determined by statistical analysis. Results: After data collection were analyzed by computer based software (SPSS). There was gradual and positive relationship between symphysiofundal height and estimated birth weight. Discrepancy between clinical and actual birth weight at third trimester was statistically significant – Paired Student’s ‘t’ test was done where p value was <0.001. Whereas discrepancy between sonographically estimated fetal weight with actual birth weight was not statistically significant (by paired ‘t’ test where p value was >0.05). That implies discrepancy between ultrasound estimated fetal weight and actual birth weight was significantly less than that of clinically estimated fetal weight. 14% clinically and 46% sonographically estimated fetal weight were observed within £ 5% of actual birth weight. 31% clinical and 42% sonographically estimates observed within 6% to 10% of actual birth weight and 55% clinical and 12% sonographically estimate were >10% of actual birth weight. That is about 88% sonographical versus 45% clinical estimates were within 10% of actual birth weight. Conclusion: There is no doubt about importance of fetal weight in many obstetric situations. Clinical decisions at times depends on fetal weight. Whether to use oxytocin, to use forceps or vacuum for delivery or extend of trial or ended by Caesarian section immediately or no scope of trial to be largely depend on fetal size and weight. So more accurate modality for antenatal fetal weight estimation has paramount importance. In my study sonographically estimated weight have more accuracy than that of clinical estimate in predicting actual birth weight. Sonographically estimated fetal weight is more reliable, accurate and reproducible rather than other modality. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 32-38

scholarly journals Impact of parity and gestational age of mothers with hypertension on birth weight, red blood cells and mode of delivery of their babies

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3038-3044
Author(s):  
Helen Chioma Okoye ◽  
Chilota Chibuife Efobi ◽  
Josephat Maduabuchi Chinawa ◽  
Odutola Israel Odetunde ◽  
Awoere Tamunosiki Chinawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
The Impact

Background: Maternal factors are determinants of birth outcome which includes birth weight, haematological indices and mode of delivery of their babies.Objectives: To determine the impact of parity and gestational age of hypertensive mothers on some neonatal variables.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study of measurement of neonatal variables (birth weight, red blood cells and mode of delivery) among hypertensive mothers and their controls was conducted over a period of six months. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS), version 20.Results: There were statistically significant differences in means between the neonates of the hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group for maternal age (t =1.61, p = 0.002), baby weight (t =2.87, p < 0.001), haemoglobin (Hb) (t =4.65, p = 0.010) and packed cell volume (PCV) (t =4.75, p = 0.009), but none for gravidity (t =1.95, p = 0.927)For all subjects, there was poor correlation between gestational age and variables; birth weight , haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) and parity. Likewise, parity poorly correlated with variables; age, birth weight, Hb, PCV, and nRBC. There was a statistically significant association between mode of delivery and hypertension (χ2 =53.082, p <0.001) but none with having a family history of hypertension (χ2 =1.13, p = 0.287).Conclusion: Parity and gestational age of mothers with hypertension have no impact on birth weight and red cells when compared with their non-hypertensive counterparts. However, mothers of babies delivered by elective and emergency caesarean section were about 2-3 times more likely to be hypertensive than those that delivered through spontaneous vertex delivery.Keywords: Hypertension; neonate; gestational age; parity.

scholarly journals Gestational weight gain and its effect on fetomaternal outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4477
Author(s):  
Khushboo Singh ◽  
Alka Goel ◽  
Anupriya Narain
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Gestational Weight

Background: In normal pregnancy, variable amount of weight gain is a constant phenomenon. The study aims to find an association between gestational weight gain and fetomaternal outcome. GWG (using institute of medicines guidelines meant for US population) and pregnancy outcomes among Asian Indians across different BMI categories (according to WHO Asia Pacific BMI cut points) were studied.Methods: 300 women were split into the three groups based on their gestational weight gain. Namely, below recommended GWG, recommended GWG and above recommended GWG group. Comparison of various fetomaternal outcomes was done between these groups.Results: In women, who had higher than recommended GWG, 30.5% developed GDM, 23.2% had gestational hypertensive disorder, 36.6% developed hypothyroidism, 12.2% had pre-term birth and 15.9% had low birth weight. In recommended GWG category, these were 5.4%, 4.5%, 30.6%, 7.2% and 17.1% respectively; and in below recommended category, these were 14%, 1.9%, 22.4%,12.1% and 24.3% respectively.Conclusions: GWG generally follows the BMI pattern at the time of entering into pregnancy, higher the BMI more the GWG. More GWG was associated with GDM, Gestational hypertensive disorders and poor APGAR at birth. Below recommended GWG was associated with higher occurrence of GDM. No statistical correlation, between GWG and mode of delivery, NICU stay, preterm birth and birth weight was observed. Larger study is required to establish the applicability of IOM Guidelines for GWG on Indian women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document