scholarly journals Chest CT features of COVID-19 pediatric patients presented with upper respiratory symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Samy ◽  
Lamiaa M. R. Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Central China ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Ct Features ◽  
Upper Respiratory Symptoms

Abstract Background An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by a novel coronavirus began in December 2019 in Wuhan in central China that affect the children and adult and causes respiratory disease. This study aimed to highlight the CT features of pediatric patients with COVID-19 with upper respiratory symptoms. Results The mean age of the 53 patients who enrolled in this study were 14.06 ± 4.12 years (range 1-18 years). Majority (75.5%) of them were adolescent. Running nose and fever were the most common symptoms. Forty-four (83%) patients had normal CT with no ground glass opacity (GGO) or consolidation, only 9 patients showed lung opacities; 5 cases showed consolidation, 2 cases with GGO, while consolidation with GGO was noted in another 2 patients. Among these 9 patient, six (66.7%) of them show unilateral lung opacities with peripheral distribution of these opacities in eight (88.9%) patients. The most frequently affected lobes were right and left lower lung lobes that were noted in 6 out of 9 patients with lung opacities (66.7%) in each lobe. Bronchitis was predominant in 23 (43.4%) cases. Conclusions RT-PCR is a gold slandered test in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in children with upper respiratory tract symptoms as Chest CT cannot standalone as a diagnostic tool owing to high prevalence of normal chest CT in these patients. However, in case of lung affection, the presence of unilateral, peripheral consolidation with lower lobe predominance, in addition to bronchial wall thickening should be considered as a hallmark of chest CT in diagnosis of pediatric patients with COVID-19 with upper respiratory symptoms.

Salivary antimicrobial protein responses during multistage ultramarathon competition conducted in hot environmental conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 977-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Kirsty Gill ◽  
Ana Maria Teixeira ◽  
Luis Rama ◽  
Fátima Rosado ◽  
Joanne Hankey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Secretion Rates ◽  
Upper Respiratory Symptoms

Prolonged strenuous exercise is commonly reported to depress oral-respiratory immune status and increase the incidence of upper respiratory symptoms. This novel investigation aimed to determine the salivary antimicrobial responses and hydration status of ultraendurance runners (n = 23) during a 230-km multistage ultramarathon conducted in hot ambient conditions (32–40 °C). Body mass was measured and unstimulated saliva and venous blood samples were taken before and after each stage of the ultramarathon. Ad libitum fluid intake was permitted throughout each race day. Upper respiratory symptoms were monitored during and until 4 weeks after race completion. Samples were analyzed for salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), lysozyme, α-amylase, and cortisol, as well as for plasma and saliva osmolality. Mean exercise-induced body mass loss over the 5 stages ranged from 1.3% to 2.4%. Overall mean pre- and post-stage plasma osmolality measurements in the ultraendurance runners were 279 ± 14 mOsmol·kg−1 and 293 ± 15 mOsmol·kg−1, respectively. Decreases in saliva flow rate (overall change 22%) and post-stage increases in saliva osmolality (36%) were observed in the ultraendurance runners during the ultramarathon. Reduced salivary IgA (32%) (p < 0.001 vs. pre-stage salivary IgA), enhanced salivary α-amylase (187%) (p < 0.001 vs. pre-stage salivary α-amylase), and no change in salivary lysozyme secretion rates were observed in the ultraendurance runners throughout the ultramarathon. Only 1 ultraendurance runner reported upper respiratory symptoms during and 1 month after competition. Observed depressions in salivary IgA secretion rates were offset by favourable increases in salivary α-amylase and unchanged lysozyme responses in the majority of runners during the competition. Ensuring euhydration throughout a multistage ultramarathon competition in the heat may play a role in protecting the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lei ◽  
Lisong Yang ◽  
Cheong Tat Lou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kin Ian SiTou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

scholarly journals Clinical and radiological imaging as prognostic predictors in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Ibrahim Metwally ◽  
Mohammad Abd Alkhalik Basha ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Zaitoun ◽  
Housseini Mohamed Abdalla ◽  
Hanaa Abu Elazayem Nofal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Ct Features

Abstract Background Since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic infection, several studies have been performed to discuss the clinical picture, laboratory finding, and imaging features of this disease. The aim of this study is to demarcate the imaging features of novel coronavirus infected pneumonia (NCIP) in different age groups and outline the relation between radiological aspect, including CT severity, and clinical aspect, including age, oxygen saturation, and fatal outcome. We implemented a prospective observational study enrolled 299 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (169 males and 130 females; age range = 2–91 years; mean age = 38.4 ± 17.2). All patients were submitted to chest CT with multi-planar reconstruction. The imaging features of NCIP in different age groups were described. The relations between CT severity and age, oxygen saturation, and fatal outcome were evaluated. Results The most predominant CT features were bilateral (75.4%), posterior (66.3%), pleural-based (93.5%), lower lobe involvement (89.8%), and ground-glass opacity (94.7%). ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff age that was highly exposed to moderate and severe stages of NCIP was 38 years old (AUC = 0.77, p < 0.001). NCIP was noted in 42.6% below 40-year-old age group compared to 84% above 40-year-old age group. The CT severity was significantly related to age and fatal outcome (p < 0.001). Anterior, centrilobular, hilar, apical, and middle lobe involvements had a significant relation to below 90% oxygen saturation. A significant negative correlation was found between CT severity and oxygen saturation (r = − 0.49, p < 0.001). Crazy-paving pattern, anterior aspect, hilar, centrilobular involvement, and moderate and severe stages had a statistically significant relation to higher mortality. Conclusion The current study confirmed the value of CT as a prognostic predictor in NCIP through demonstration of the strong relation between CT severity and age, oxygen saturation, and the fatal outcome. In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, this study is considered to be an extension to other studies discussing chest CT features of COVID-19 in different age groups with demarcation of the relation of chest CT severity to different pattern and distribution of NCIP, age, oxygen saturation, and mortality rate.

scholarly journals A 12-month follow-up of an influenza vaccination campaign based on voluntary adherence: report on upper-respiratory symptoms among volunteers and non-volunteers

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Páris Ali Ramadan ◽  
Francisco Barreto de Araújo ◽  
Mario Ferreira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Symptoms

CONTEXT: Routine immunization of groups at high risk for influenza has been progressively implemented as a matter of Brazilian public health policy. Although the benefits of the vaccination for healthy young adults are still controversial, it has been offered yearly to hundreds of thousands of Brazilian workers, generally as part of wellness initiatives in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of subjects that accepted or refused to be vaccinated against influenza and to report on respiratory symptoms in both groups, one year after the campaign date. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: Workers at a subsidiary of an international bank in São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 124 persons that did not accept and 145 that voluntarily accepted the vaccine completed 12 months of follow-up. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Data concerning gender, age, tobacco use, and any history of chronic respiratory illness such as asthma, bronchitis, rhinitis, and repetitive upper-respiratory infections, were recorded at the time of vaccination. After that, workers were asked monthly by questionnaire or telephone about respiratory symptoms, days of work lost and medical consultations. RESULTS: The results showed statistically significant differences regarding age (P = 0.004) with the vaccinated group (V) being younger than the non-vaccinated (NV) one, and with reference to previous repetitive upper-respiratory infections being higher among the V group (P < 0.0001). During the follow-up, the V group reported more occurrences of upper respiratory symptoms (P < 0.0001), due to both non-influenza (P < 0.0001) and influenza-like illness (P = 0.045). Differences were also found between V and NV groups concerning days off work and number of medical consultations due to upper-respiratory symptoms and non-influenza illness. Gender and history of repetitive upper-respiratory infections were the best predictors of influenza-like illness-related events. CONCLUSIONS: The making of previous reference to repetitive upper-respiratory infections was a major difference between those who accepted or rejected the vaccine. The vaccination itself was not sufficient to reduce the number of occurrences of respiratory symptoms and related absenteeism to levels similar to those found among non-vaccinated people.

Should We Prescribe Antibiotics to This Patient With Persistent Upper Respiratory Symptoms?

2017 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Libman ◽  
Diane M. Brockmeyer ◽  
Howard S. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Symptoms

scholarly journals Comparative viral frequency in Mexican children under 5 years of age with and without upper respiratory symptoms

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Manjarrez ◽  
D. P. Rosete ◽  
M. Rincón ◽  
J. Villalba ◽  
A. Cravioto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Children Under 5

The Occupational Health Effects of Responding to a Natural Gas Pipeline Explosion Among Emergency First Responders – Lincoln County, Kentucky, 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
David P. Bui ◽  
Esther A. Kukielka ◽  
Erin F. Blau ◽  
Lindsay K. Tompkins ◽  
K. Leann Bing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Symptoms

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to assess occupational health effects 1 month after responding to a natural gas pipeline explosion. Methods: First responders to a pipeline explosion in Kentucky were interviewed about pre- and post-response health symptoms, post-response health care, and physical exertion and personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the response. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between several risk factors and development of post-response symptoms. Results: Among 173 first responders involved, 105 (firefighters [58%], emergency medical services [19%], law enforcement [10%], and others [12%]) were interviewed. Half (53%) reported at least 1 new or worsening symptom, including upper respiratory symptoms (39%), headache (18%), eye irritation (17%), and lower respiratory symptoms (16%). The majority (79%) of symptomatic responders did not seek post-response care. Compared with light-exertion responders, hard-exertion responders (48%) had significantly greater odds of upper respiratory symptoms (aOR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.25–7.50). Forty-four percent of responders and 77% of non-firefighter responders reported not using any PPE. Conclusions: Upper respiratory symptoms were common among first responders of a natural gas pipeline explosion and associated with hard-exertion activity. Emergency managers should ensure responders are trained in, equipped with, and properly use PPE during these incidents and encourage responders to seek post-response health care when needed.

Infant Dengue a 10-Year Experience from a Tertiary Center in South India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabaneeta Dash ◽  
Reshmi Aby ◽  
Madhan Kumar ◽  
Asha Mary Abraham ◽  
Winsley Rose
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
South India ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Symptoms

Dengue remains a major problem in the tropics. Several Asian countries have reported an increasing trend in the proportion of infants with dengue fever. However, most studies are limited to case reports or small case series from isolated outbreaks. We planned this study to look at clinico-laboratory profile, outcome, and predictors of severity in a large cohort of infants over a decade. Electronic medical records of infants admitted at a tertiary center of South India, with laboratory confirmed dengue infection between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on detection of NS-1 antigen and/or immunoglobulin M antibody against DENV(dengue virus) or positive DENV RNA polymerase chain reaction in infants presenting with acute febrile illness and clinical features consistent with dengue. Of 395 children with dengue admitted during study period, 99 (25%) were infants. A cyclical incidence pattern was noted, with higher cases in alternate years. Fever (99%) was most common, followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea—28%) and upper respiratory symptoms (cough, coryza—22%). Fifty-three infants had severe dengue, and 39 had shock. Fourteen children had multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and 13 died. Infants with severe dengue were older than those with nonsevere disease, had lower serum albumin and greater frequency of severe thrombocytopenia, and had coagulopathy. On multivariable analysis, low serum albumin predicted development of severe dengue [P = 0.003, odds ratio 12.4 (95% confidence interval: 2.42–63.7)]. Dengue in infants may be challenging to recognize because of its undifferentiated presentation, with gastrointestinal and upper respiratory symptoms that are similar to other viral illness. Severe dengue is common in this sample, and lower serum albumin at presentation was predictive of severe disease.

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