CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPLOSIVES FOR MARINE SEISMIC EXPLORATION

Geophysics ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Jakosky ◽  
John Jakosky
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Underwater Explosions ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Marine Seismic

This paper describes the results of preliminary studies which were conducted at San Diego, California early in 1953, and detailed large scale field tests conducted during the later months of 1953 and the early part of 1954, chiefly near Santa Barbara, California. These studies are part of an investigation to develop an explosive which would overcome some of the disadvantages of black powder, which now is the only explosive permissible for offshore exploration in California. Special instrumentation was developed for recording the pressure‐time curves from underwater explosions. The predominant characteristics of these curves have been related to seismic record quality and the destruction of fishes and other marine life. The experimental studies have shown that non‐lethal explosives are available which will give record quality and operating costs comparable to the conventional dynamites and which are superior to the black powders.

Large scale field tests on geogrid-reinforced granular fill underlain by clay soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Demir ◽  
Mustafa Laman ◽  
Abdulazim Yildiz ◽  
Murat Ornek
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Granular Fill ◽  
Large Scale Field

Large scale field tests for slope stabilizations made with flexible facings

2013 ◽  
pp. 659-662
Author(s):  
M Cala ◽  
M Stolz ◽  
P Baraniak ◽  
A Rist ◽  
A Roduner
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

scholarly journals Frequency Response Stabilization and Comparative Studies of MET Hydrophone at Marine Seismic Exploration Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor Egorov ◽  
Anna Shabalina ◽  
Dmitry Zaitsev ◽  
Sergey Kurkov ◽  
Nikolay Gueorguiev
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Marine Seismic

Low frequency hydrophone with a frequency range of 1−300 Hz for marine seismic exploration systems has been developed. The operation principle of the hydrophone bases on the molecular electronic transfer that allows high sensitivity and low level self-noise at low frequencies (<10 Hz) to be achieved. The paper presents a stabilization method of the frequency response within the frequency range at a depth up to 30 m. Laboratory and marine tests confirmed the stated characteristics as well as the possibility of using this sensor in bottom marine seismic systems. An experimental sample of the hydrophone successfully passed a comparative marine test at Gelendzhik Bay (Black Sea) with the technical support of Joint-Stock Company (JSC) “Yuzhmorgeologiya”. One of the main results is the possibility of obtaining high-quality information in the field of low frequencies, which was demonstrated in the course of field tests.

scholarly journals Personalizing the Customization Experience: A Matching Theory of Mass Customization Interfaces and Cultural Information Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel de Bellis ◽  
Christian Hildebrand ◽  
Kenichi Ito ◽  
Andreas Herrmann ◽  
Bernd Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Mass Customization ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Matching Theory ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Processing Style ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

Mass customization interfaces typically guide consumers through the configuration process in a sequential manner, focusing on one product attribute after the other. What if this standardized customization experience were personalized for consumers on the basis of how they process information? A series of large-scale field and experimental studies, conducted with Western and Eastern consumers, shows that matching the interface to consumers’ culture-specific processing style enhances the effectiveness of mass customization. Specifically, presenting the same information isolated (by attribute) to Western consumers but contextualized (by alternative) to Eastern consumers increases satisfaction with and likelihood of purchasing the configured product, along with the amount of money spent on the product. These positive consumer responses emerge because of an increase in “interface fluency”—consumers’ subjective experience of ease when using the interface. The authors advise firms to personalize the customization experience by employing processing-congruent interfaces across consumer markets.

Experimental and large-scale field tests of grid-anchor system performance in increasing the ultimate bearing capacity of granular soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mosallanezhad ◽  
N. Hataf ◽  
S.H. Sadat Taghavi
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Granular Soils ◽  
Anchor System ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

Soil reinforcement by means of geogrid is an effective method of increasing the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of granular soils. In this study a new system, created by adding cubic anchors to ordinary geogrids, is introduced to increase the UBC of granular soils. This system is called “grid-anchor” (G-A). To analyse the performance of the G-A system in increasing the UBC of granular soils, 45 experimental tests and 9 field tests were performed, the results of which show that the G-A system is 1.8 times more capable than ordinary geogrids in increasing the UBC in square foundations. Furthermore, the failure of soil reinforced by the ordinary geogrid takes place at a settlement of 9% of the foundation width, while the same value for the G-A system is almost 13%.

scholarly journals Permeability Enhancement Using Explosive Techniques

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Adams ◽  
S. C. Schmidt ◽  
W. J. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Initial Boundary ◽  
Rock Breakage ◽  
Computer Prediction ◽  
Permeability Enhancement ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

In-situ recovery methods for many of our hydrocarbon and mineral resources depend on the ability to create or enhance permeability in the resource bed to allow uniform and predictable flow. To meet this need, a new branch of geomechanics devoted to computer prediction of explosive rock breakage and permeability enhancement has developed. The computer is used to solve the nonlinear equations of compressible flow, with the explosive behavior and constitutive properties of the medium providing the initial/boundary conditions and material response. Once the resulting computational tool has been verified and calibrated with appropriate large-scale field tests, it can be used to develop and optimize commercially used explosive techniques for in-situ resource recovery.

scholarly journals Modeling and Research on Power System of Distributed Sensor Networks for Long Streamers in Marine Seismic Exploration

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Hongwei Yu ◽  
Kezhu Song ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Chuan Wu ◽  
Ke Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Power System ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Iteration Algorithm ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Marine Seismic

The electric power system plays an important role in sensor networks. In the marine seismic exploration streamer system (MSESS), an underwater power system transmits high-voltage direct current to all nodes in the streamer through a daisy chain structure. As offshore oil exploration develops toward deep water, it is necessary to study long streamers with large-scale sensor networks for deep water exploration. When the length of a streamer is increased to a certain value, the output current of the power supply increases sharply. This results in the activation of the overcurrent protection and the power supply shuts down. This paper puts forward an accurate model for an underwater power system applied to MSESS. Using the Newton iteration algorithm and a reverse algorithm, equations established by the model are solved and laboratory test results are used to verify the accuracy of the model. Based on simulation and analysis of the model, we explain why the power system crashes when the streamer is too long. Software that can quickly calculate the maximum number of nodes (the maximum length with which the system works normally) is developed and it is significant for the design of MSESS. The method of research could also be applied to relevant work such as large-scale sensor networks with daisy-chaining power supply in land seismic exploration.

scholarly journals Alkali Effect on Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery Performance: Two Large-Scale Field Tests’ Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Sun ◽  
Hu Guo ◽  
Yiqiang Li ◽  
Guipu Jiang ◽  
Ruicheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Asp Flooding ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Better Than

Alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding is very promising chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology which can make an incremental oil recovery factor (IORF) of 30% original oil in place (OOIP). How to choose alkali in ASP flooding remains a question for a long time. As the world’s only and largest ASP flooding application place, Daqing Oilfield has always adhered to the strategy of parallel development of strong alkali ASP flooding (SASP) and weak alkali ASP flooding (WASP), but SASP is in a dominant position, indicated by more investments and more project numbers. This leaves an impression that SASP is better than WASP. However, WASP is drawing more interest than SASP recently. Moreover, as the ASP flooding in Daqing went from field tests to commercial applications since 2014, how to comprehensively consider the benefit and cost of ASP flooding has become a new focus at low oil prices. This paper compares two typical large-scale field tests (B-1-D SASP and B-2-X WASP) completed in Daqing Oilfield and analyzes and discusses the causes of this difference. The injection viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) for the two field test areas are substantially equivalent under the conditions of Daqing Oilfield, and WASP is better than SASP when reservoir geological conditions are considered. WASP exhibits the same IORF of 30% as SASP while having a much better economic performance. For the SASP field test, the injected strong alkali NaOH makes the test behave unlike a typical strong ASP flooding due to the presence of CO2 in the formation fluid, which well explains why IORF is much higher than all the other SASPs but scaling is less severe than others. This paper confirms that under Daqing Oilfield reservoir conditions, it is the alkali difference that caused the performance difference of these two tests, although some minor uncertainties exist. WASP is better than the SASP providing the same conditions . In addition, the detailed information of the two ASP field tests provided can give reference for the implementation of ASP flooding in other oilfields. After all, the study of ASP flooding enhanced oil recovery technology under low oil prices requires great foresight and determination.

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