FAULTING IN THE BILLINGS OILFIELD, OKLAHOMA, AS INTERPRETED FROM TORSION BALANCE DATA, AND FROM SUBSEQUENT DRILLING

Geophysics ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-378
Author(s):  
H. Klaus
Keyword(s):  
Torsion Balance ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Made In

The results of an experimental torsion balance survey of the Billings Oilfield are shown by means of the conventional maps, and of second derivative contour maps. The latter show good and consistent anomalies, which are interpreted as faulting. The survey was made in July, 1937, some time after discovery of Ordovician production in the field, but long before faulting was clearly defined by drilling, and the results were communicated to several oil companies interested in the area or in the method of interpretation. In the meantime, one of the faults limiting the field has been defined in detail by drilling, and the present subsurface interpretation is compared with the original torsion balance predictions with respect to this fault. From the amount of agreement between the two sets of data, it is concluded that the torsion balance can still be used effectively for specialized purposes, particularly the investigation of faulting.

TORSION BALANCE STEP ANOMALIES IN NORTHERN TILLMAN COUNTY, OKLAHOMA

Geophysics ◽  
1945 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-525
Author(s):  
K. Klaus
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Torsion Balance ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Probability Rating ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Wichita Mountains ◽  
Gravity Map ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Quantitative Calculations

The results of a semi‐detailed areal torsion balance survey in Southwestern Oklahoma are shown by means of a gradient‐curvature map, a gravity map, two second derivative contour maps, and gravity and second derivative profiles. Detailed quantitative calculations were made of a number of geological cross sections, two of which are shown in Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. 9 represents the subsurface situation with the highest probability rating, since it combines a high degree of geological probability with the fact that it will reproduce the gravity and second derivative curves of Figs. 6 and 7 very closely. This interpretation embodies a fault with a throw of the order of magnitude of 10,000 feet. If this interpretation is substantially correct, it implies a thick sedimentary section in the down‐thrown block, which might be of great economic interest in prospecting for oil. A comparison of the gravity and second derivative data may be of interest to the geophysicist. The geologist may find the results of this survey interesting because of their possible bearing on the orogeny of the Wichita Mountains.

Microclinoform structure of the BT10 horizon as a factor controlling the formation of gas fields in the southeastern part of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
A. N. Fischenko ◽  
R. R. Shakirov ◽  
Yu. V. Mikheev ◽  
S. I. Kulagin ◽  
I A. Mikhailov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Field ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Forced Regression ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Nenets Autonomous ◽  
Made In

The microclinoform model of the Neocomian shelf reservoirs is becoming more and more supported by practicing geologists, since it allows to effectively address the problems arising in the development of complex reservoirs. According to modern concepts, the microclinoform structure is due to the intense progradation of delta complexes during periods of forced regression. The article demonstrates the effectiveness of the microclinoform concept in building a geological model of an accumulation in BT10 horizon of Zapadno-Chaselsky field, which is located in the southeastern part of the Russko-Chaselsky large swell in the southeast of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The microclinoform structure of the target was mapped based on the data volume of the second derivative of the wave field, which is more sensitive to changes in thicknesses, and porosities of sand reservoirs. As a result of comprehensive studies, correlation profiles and a GDE map of stratigraphic unconformity (top of BT10) were built reflecting the microclinoform structure of the target. The results were used to build a model of a gas reservoir and estimate its reserves. Hydrocarbon discoveries have already been made in the BT group of reservoirs at Zapadno-Chaselsky field and neighboring Yuzhno-Russkoye field that improves the potential of this interval within the southeastern part of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. This poses the task of its more detailed study based on the microclinoform concept.

The rejuvenations of hydrocarbon exploration in the Eastern Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2021-018
Author(s):  
Fabio Lottaroli ◽  
Lorenzo Meciani
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Recoverable Reserves ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Exploration Activity ◽  
Made In

The exploration history of the large East Mediterranean Basin, which encompasses the Nile delta, Levantine, Herodotus and Eratosthenes provinces, has seen several phases of rejuvenation since exploration started in the 1950s, with new plays opened repeatedly after the basin was considered mature by the industry. The 584 exploration wells drilled to date have discovered more than 23 Bboe recoverable reserves/resources, mostly gas. The first discovery was the Abu Madi Field, in 1967, which opened the Messinian clastic play. Over time, other plays and sub plays were opened, including the Serravallian-Tortonian, the Plio-Pleistocene, the Oligo/Miocene in the Levantine, the intra Oligocene and the Cretaceous carbonates (Zohr discovery, 2015). The exceptional variety of plays, with different trapping styles, reservoir and seal facies patterns has few equivalents worldwide and makes the region a valuable training ground for explorers. The geological variety is not the only reason for such a complex and episodic exploration history: commercial (gas market) and geopolitical issues have also had an impact on the activity in parts of the basin. The largest discoveries have been made in the last 10 years (Tamar, Leviathan, Zohr) and, despite the intense exploration activity, parts of the basin remain underexplored. The company with the longest and most successful play opening history in the basin is Eni. Today, most major oil companies are active in the basin, which even after 70 years is still considered one of the world's exploration hotspots. 

Direct quantification of coproporphyrins and uroporphyrins in urine by derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1826-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Valcárcel ◽  
A Gómez Hens ◽  
S Rubio ◽  
A Petidier
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Synchronous Fluorescence ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Sample Separation ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Direct Quantification ◽  
Made In

Abstract The second-derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic technique is applied to the simultaneous and direct assay of coproporphyrins and uroporphyrins in human urine. This technique resolves the overlapping conventional spectra, obviating the need for pre-analysis sample separation techniques, and measurements can be made in a single scan. The amplitudes of the derivative peaks are linearly related to uroporphyrin (0.4 to 300 micrograms/L) and coproporphyrin (0.4 to 250 micrograms/L) concentrations. The detection limit for both porphyrins is 0.1 microgram/L. Analytical recoveries range between 98 and 101%. Within- and between-assay CVs are reported. Results for 24-h urine specimens correlated well with those obtained by an extraction-ion-exchange chromatography combined method. The proposed method is inexpensive and requires no sophisticated detection equipment.

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of an Inflatable Vacuum Chamber

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Critical Pressure ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Cylindrical Wall ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Correction ◽  
Preliminary Experimental Data ◽  
Made In

A lightweight “inflatable” tensioned-membrane-structure vacuum container is proposed and its stability is analyzed. The proposed structure consists of a pressurized lobed cylindrical “wall” surrounding a central evacuated space. Stability is analyzed by discretizing the system and diagonalizing the second derivative of the potential energy. The structure is found to be stable when the pressure in the wall is greater than a critical pressure. When membranes are nonelastic, the critical pressure is found to be greater than the pressure required for equilibrium by a factor of 4∕3. When membranes have only finite stiffness, a first-order correction to the critical pressure is found. Preliminary experimental data show that a stable structure can be made in this way, and that the observed critical pressure is consistent with theory. It is also found that such structures can be designed to have net positive buoyancy in air.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND DERIVATIVE CONTOUR METHOD OF INTERPRETING TORSION BALANCE DATA

Geophysics ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Klaus
Keyword(s):  
Local Effect ◽  
Torsion Balance ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
Rectangular Coordinates ◽  
Regional Gradient ◽  
Regional Gravity

After auspicious beginnings in the interpretation of torsion balance data, i.e., gradients and curvatures, the balance has been misused as a gravity instrument, the gradients being integrated into gravity, and the curvatures either neglected or not even observed in the field. Gravity was then made the sole basis of interpretation work, the regional effects being determined with more or less luck, subtracted from the total either before or after integration (regional gravity or regional gradient), and the residue held to be “local effect.” This method appears to be now in vogue for most torsion balance and gravity meter work. In contrast to this procedure, the method here described is based on the quantities measured directly by the torsion balance, the gradients and curvatures, or second derivatives, and constitutes a considerable amplification of the original methods of investigating these quantities. Gravity is simply a by‐product of this method, and is not needed at all for its functioning. The essential parts of this method are: 1) the re‐determination of all second derivative components with respect to a new system of rectangular coordinates, one axis of which has been made parallel to the direction of elongation of anomalous features; 2) the contouring of these second derivative components on four separate maps; and 3), the interpretation of the resulting contour patterns. The outstanding advantages of this method over the total gravity methods are the following: 1) full utilization of the two independent aspects of the gravitational field furnished by the gradients and curvatures; 2) virtual independence from regional effects; 3) much greater resolving power when compared to gravity; and 4), complete absence of assumptions, such as are involved in estimating the regional, and in computing gravity from the gradients.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD OIL MARKET IN THE FORECASTS OF LEADING OIL COMPANIES AND ANALYTICAL CENTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
O. V. EVSEEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Market Development ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Analytical Centers ◽  
Made In

The article analyzes the forecasts of the world oil market development for 2035 and 2040, made in 2019 by the oil companies LUKOIL and British Petroleum, as well as Energy Research Institute RAS/Skolkovo and the International Energy Agency, their main conclusions and scenario solutions obtained in the forecasts.

VIII. On a method of making a direct comparison of electrostatic with electromagnetice force; with a note on the electromagnetic theory of light

1868 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 449-450
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
Torsion Balance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Guard Ring ◽  
Micrometer Screw ◽  
Made In

The experiments described in this paper were made in the laboratory of Mr. Gassiot, who placed his great battery of 2600 cells of bichloride of mercury at the disposal of the author. Mr.Willoughby Smith lent his resistance-coils of 1,102,000 Ohms; Messrs. Forde and Fleeming Jenkin lent a sensitive galvanometer, a set of resistance-coils, a bridge, and a key for double simultaneous contacts; and Mr. C. Hockin undertook the observation of the galvanometer, the adjustment of the resistances, and the testing of the galvanometer, the resistance-coils, and the micrometer-screw, electrical balance itself was made by Mr. Becker. The experiments consisted in observing the equilibrium of two forces, one of which was the attraction between two disks, kept at a certain difference of potential, and the other was the repulsion between two circular coils, through which a certain current passed in opposite directions. For this purpose one of the disks, with one of the coils attached to its hinder surface, was suspended on one arm of a torsion-balance, disk, with the other coil behind it, was placed at a certain distance, which was measured by a micrometer-screw. The suspended disk, which was smaller than the fixed disk, was adjusted so that in its equilibrium its surface was in the same plane with that of a "guard-ring," as in Sir W. Thomson’s electrometers, and its position was observed by mean of a microscope directed on a graduated glass scale attached to the disk In this way its position could be adjusted to the thousandth of an inch while a motion of much smaller extent was easily detected.

PARA‐ AND DIAMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES IN NON‐FLUCTUATING WEAK FIELDS

Geophysics ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-725
Author(s):  
William Schriever
Keyword(s):  
Torsion Balance ◽  
Solid Specimen ◽  
Bismuth Antimony ◽  
Absolute Measurements ◽  
Weak Fields ◽  
Micro Balance ◽  
Made In ◽  
Field Strengths

A Coulomb torsion balance apparatus was developed with which absolute measurements of para‐ and diamagnetic susceptibilities could be made in non‐fluctuating field strengths of the order of 1 oersted. Solid specimens of the diamagnetic elements, bismuth, antimony, and cadmium, were measured in fields of 2.5, 5, and 10 oersteds, and the para‐magnetic powders, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], in fields of 2, 3, and 5 oersteds. The susceptibilities decreased with increasing field strengths. A specimen of bismuth granules had lower susceptibilities than did the solid specimen made from the same supply of granules. A semi‐micro balance apparatus also was constructed for absolute measurements in fields ranging between 100 and 1,000 oersteds. The susceptibilities of the diamagnetic specimens and a water specimen were measured. The solid bismuth, antimony, and cadmium specimens and a water specimen exhibited constant susceptibilities. The susceptibility of the bismuth‐granule specimen increased regularly from −4.67 to [Formula: see text] C.G.S. when the field increased from 100 to 900 oersteds. The value found for water [Formula: see text] agreed well with the International Critical Tables value [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Global prospects for the biofuels industry

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Roland Atlas
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Made In

The rapidly rising cost of oil and growing concern about global warming have dramatically increased the prospects for significant commercial biofuel production. Optimistically, biofuels could replace petroleum as the major transportation fuel within the next 2 decades. However, technical advances must be made to make bioethanol and biodiesel economically viable and sustainable replacements for petroleum. As a consequence, large investments are being made in research and development of bioethanol and biodiesel as alternative fuels by governments and the major oil companies.

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