scholarly journals Interferometric ground-roll removal: Attenuation of scattered surface waves in single-sensor data

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. SA15-SA25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Halliday ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Peter Vermeer ◽  
Claudio Strobbia ◽  
Anna Glushchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Seismic Interferometry ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Ground Roll ◽  
Single Sensor

Land seismic data are contaminated by surface waves (or ground roll). These surface waves are a form of source-generated noise and can be strongly scattered by near-surface heterogeneities. The resulting scattered ground roll can be particularly difficult to separate from the desired reflection data, especially when this scattered ground roll propagates in the crossline direction. We have used seismic interferometry to estimate scattered surface waves, recorded during an exploration seismic survey, between pairs of receiver locations. Where sources and receivers coincide, these interreceiver surface-wave estimates were adaptively subtracted from the data. This predictive-subtraction process can successfully attenuate scattered surface waves while preserving the valuable reflected arrivals, forming a new method of scattered ground-roll attenuation. We refer to this as interferometric ground-roll removal.

scholarly journals Interferometric surface-wave isolation and removal

Geophysics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. A69-A73 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Halliday ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Johan O. A. Robertsson ◽  
Dirk-Jan van Manen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Seismic Interferometry ◽  
Wave Component ◽  
Ground Roll

The removal of surface waves (ground roll) from land seismic data is critical in seismic processing because these waves tend to mask informative body-wave arrivals. Removal becomes difficult when surface waves are scattered, and data quality is often impaired. We apply a method of seismic interferometry, using both sources and receivers at the surface, to estimate the surface-wave component of the Green’s function between any two points. These estimates are subtracted adaptively from seismic survey data, providing a new method of ground-roll removal that is not limited to nonscattering regions.

Near-surface site investigation by seismic interferometry using urban traffic noise in Singapore

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. B169-B180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhuo Zhang ◽  
Yunyue Elita Li ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Taeseo Ku
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Seismic Interferometry ◽  
Surface Site ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Passive Seismic ◽  
Urban Traffic Noise

We have evaluated a field test in the city of Singapore to assess the feasibility of the passive seismic survey for bedrock depth determination and to further investigate the optimal acquisition parameters. The ambient noise field, dominated by urban traffic noise, is recorded passively for the application of seismic interferometry. Spectral analysis indicates that the traffic-induced noise by local roads is concentrated between 3 and 25 Hz. We use multiple signal classification beamforming for wavefield direction of propagation analysis. We apply seismic interferometry to retrieve the surface-wave part of the Green’s functions, based on which surface-wave dispersion relations are extracted and further inverted for 1D S-wave velocity profiles. Subsequently, we compare the inversion results from seismic interferometry with borehole logs at multiple sites in Singapore and establish that the bedrock depths are well-determined using passive seismic methods within a maximum error of 3 m. By investigating the convergence of the crosscorrelograms, we ascertain that the best compromise of cost, efficiency, and accuracy for a passive site investigation in Singapore can be achieved in 15 min in the morning of a working day using an array as short as 30 m with six vertical geophones, although these parameters should be reinvestigated at other sites and other times. The success of this case study demonstrates that accurate near-surface site investigation can be achieved with faster acquisition, fewer receivers, and a smaller acquisition footprint compared with conventional methods, all of which improve the efficiency particularly in a highly developed urban environment.

A comprehensive comparison between the refraction microtremor and seismic interferometry methods for phase-velocity estimation

Geophysics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. EN99-EN108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongbo Xu ◽  
T. Dylan Mikesell ◽  
Jianghai Xia ◽  
Feng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
Seismic Interferometry ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Surface Wave Dispersion ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Refraction Microtremor

Passive-source seismic-noise-based surface-wave methods are now routinely used to investigate the near-surface geology in urban environments. These methods estimate the S-wave velocity of the near surface, and two methods that use linear recording arrays are seismic interferometry (SI) and refraction microtremor (ReMi). These two methods process noise data differently and thus can yield different estimates of the surface-wave dispersion, the data used to estimate the S-wave velocity. We have systematically compared these two methods using synthetic data with different noise source distributions. We arrange sensors in a linear survey grid, which is conveniently used in urban investigations (e.g., along roads). We find that both methods fail to correctly determine the low-frequency dispersion characteristics when outline noise sources become stronger than inline noise sources. We also identify an artifact in the ReMi method and theoretically explain the origin of this artifact. We determine that SI combined with array-based analysis of surface waves is the more accurate method to estimate surface-wave phase velocities because SI separates surface waves propagating in different directions. Finally, we find a solution to eliminate the ReMi artifact that involves the combination of SI and the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] transform, the array processing method that underlies the ReMi method.

scholarly journals The spatial data-adaptive minimum-variance distortionless-response beamformer on seismic single-sensor data

Geophysics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. Q29-Q42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionelia Panea ◽  
Guy Drijkoningen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Total Signal ◽  
Optimal Weights ◽  
Minimum Variance Distortionless Response ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Data Adaptive

Coherent noise generated by surface waves or ground roll within a heterogeneous near surface is a major problem in land seismic data. Array forming based on single-sensor recordings might reduce such noise more robustly than conventional hardwired arrays. We use the minimum-variance distortionless-response (MVDR) beamformer to remove (aliased) surface-wave energy from single-sensor data. This beamformer is data adaptive and robust when the presumed and actual desired signals are mismatched. We compute the intertrace covariance for the desired signal, and then for the total signal (desired [Formula: see text]) to obtain optimal weights. We use the raw data of only one array for the covariance of the total signal, and the wavenumber-filtered version of a full seismic single-sensor record for the covariance of the desired signal. In the determination of optimal weights, a parameter that controls the robustness of the beamformer against an arbitrary desired signal mismatch has to be chosen so that the results are optimal. This is similar to stabilization in deconvolution problems. This parameter needs to be smaller than the largest eigenvalue provided by the singular value decomposition of the presumed desired signal covariance. We compare results of MVDR beamforming with standard array forming on single-sensor synthetic and field seismic data. We apply 2D and 3D beamforming and show prestack and poststack results. MVDR beamformers are superior to conventional hardwired arrays for all examples.

Nonlinear beamforming for enhancement of 3D prestack land seismic data

Geophysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. V283-V296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Bakulin ◽  
Ilya Silvestrov ◽  
Maxim Dmitriev ◽  
Dmitry Neklyudov ◽  
Maxim Protasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Common Reflection Surface ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
The Common

We have developed nonlinear beamforming (NLBF), a method for enhancing modern 3D prestack seismic data acquired onshore with small field arrays or single sensors in which weak reflected signals are buried beneath the strong scattered noise induced by a complex near surface. The method is based on the ideas of multidimensional stacking techniques, such as the common-reflection-surface stack and multifocusing, but it is designed specifically to improve the prestack signal-to-noise ratio of modern 3D land seismic data. Essentially, NLBF searches for coherent local events in the prestack data and then performs beamforming along the estimated surfaces. Comparing different gathers that can be extracted from modern 3D data acquired with orthogonal acquisition geometries, we determine that the cross-spread domain (CSD) is typically the most convenient and efficient. Conventional noise removal applied to modern data from small arrays or single sensors does not adequately reveal the underlying reflection signal. Instead, NLBF supplements these conventional tools and performs final aggregation of weak and still broken reflection signals, where the strength is controlled by the summation aperture. We have developed the details of the NLBF algorithm in CSD and determined the capabilities of the method on real 3D land data with the focus on enhancing reflections and early arrivals. We expect NLBF to help streamline seismic processing of modern high-channel-count and single-sensor data, leading to improved images as well as better prestack data for estimation of reservoir properties.

“Interferometric ground-roll removal: Attenuation of scattered surface waves in single-sensor data,” GEOPHYSICS, 75, no. 2, SA15–SA25.

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. Y1-Y1
Author(s):  
David F. Halliday ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Peter Vermeer ◽  
Claudio Strobbia ◽  
Anna Glushchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Ground Roll ◽  
Single Sensor

Structural interpretation using refraction velocities from marine seismic surveys

Geophysics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Mitchell ◽  
Richard J. Bolander
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Subsurface Structure ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Streamer Length ◽  
Set Up

Subsurface structure can be mapped using refraction information from marine multichannel seismic data. The method uses velocities and thicknesses of shallow sedimentary rock layers computed from refraction first arrivals recorded along the streamer. A two‐step exploration scheme is described which can be set up on a personal computer and used routinely in any office. It is straightforward and requires only a basic understanding of refraction principles. Two case histories from offshore Peru exploration demonstrate the scheme. The basic scheme is: step (1) shallow sedimentary rock velocities are computed and mapped over an area. Step (2) structure is interpreted from the contoured velocity patterns. Structural highs, for instance, exhibit relatively high velocities, “retained” by buried, compacted, sedimentary rocks that are uplifted to the near‐surface. This method requires that subsurface structure be relatively shallow because the refracted waves probe to depths of one hundred to over one thousand meters, depending upon the seismic energy source, streamer length, and the subsurface velocity distribution. With this one requirement met, we used the refraction method over a wide range of sedimentary rock velocities, water depths, and seismic survey types. The method is particularly valuable because it works well in areas with poor seismic reflection data.

DISPERSION IN SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES

Geophysics ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton B. Dobrin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Surface Wave Dispersion ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Ground Roll

A non‐mathematical summary is presented of the published theories and observations on dispersion, i.e., variation of velocity with frequency, in surface waves from earthquakes and in waterborne waves from shallow‐water explosions. Two further instances are cited in which dispersion theory has been used in analyzing seismic data. In the seismic refraction survey of Bikini Atoll, information on the first 400 feet of sediments below the lagoon bottom could not be obtained from ground wave first arrival times because shot‐detector distances were too great. Dispersion in the water waves, however, gave data on speed variations in the bottom sediments which made possible inferences on the recent geological history of the atoll. Recent systematic observations on ground roll from explosions in shot holes have shown dispersion in the surface waves which is similar in many ways to that observed in Rayleigh waves from distant earthquakes. Classical wave theory attributes Rayleigh wave dispersion to the modification of the waves by a surface layer. In the case of earthquakes, this layer is the earth’s crust. In the case of waves from shot‐holes, it is the low‐speed weathered zone. A comparison of observed ground roll dispersion with theory shows qualitative agreement, but it brings out discrepancies attributable to the fact that neither the theory for liquids nor for conventional solids applies exactly to unconsolidated near‐surface rocks. Additional experimental and theoretical study of this type of surface wave dispersion may provide useful information on the properties of the surface zone and add to our knowledge of the mechanism by which ground roll is generated in seismic shooting.

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