Correlation of chemostratigraphy, total organic carbon, sequence stratigraphy, and bioturbation in the Woodford Shale of south-central Oklahoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. SC43-SC54
Author(s):  
Sabrina M. Coleman ◽  
Douglas W. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Woodford Shale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
South Central ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Water Conditions

Technological advances in handheld X-ray fluorescence (HHXRF) have been instrumental in demonstrating the utility of chemostratigraphic data to create higher order sequence stratigraphic interpretations. This study seeks to identify the correlation between chemostratigraphy, total organic carbon, sequence stratigraphy, and bioturbation in the Woodford Shale of south-central Oklahoma using HHXRF and X-ray diffraction technologies. The use of multiproxy correlations allows for higher confidence identifying lateral changes in the Woodford Shale. Elemental data collected through HHXRF can be used as proxies to better understand the depositional environment of a formation. Titanium, Zr, K, and Al are all proxies for transgression and regression. Silica is associated with so many different elements that Si alone does not provide useful information; however, the ratio of Si/Al coupled with detrital proxies can give information on the presence of possible algal blooms, continentally derived sediment, or hiatal surfaces. Furthermore, relationships between other elements can give further understanding to bottom-water conditions at the time of deposition. This study examines the relationships between Mo, V, Ni, and P along with other elements and laboratory-collected data to further understand the bottom-water conditions during deposition of the organic-rich muds that make up the Woodford Shale in south-central Oklahoma. To some extent, it is then possible to correlate these higher-resolution understandings to open-hole well logs to increase our understanding, where the core is unavailable.

Stratigraphy and structure of regionally-isolated hydrocarbon occurrences in the Azua Basin, south-central Dominican Republic (Northeastern Caribbean)

2020 ◽  
pp. SP504-2019-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mann ◽  
Stephen Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
South Central ◽  
Oil Seeps ◽  
Oblique Convergence

AbstractOil seeps and small-production oilfields in south-central Hispaniola are regionally isolated from much larger hydrocarbon provinces in the circum-Gulf of Mexico and northern South America. In this study, we evaluate the tectonic, stratigraphic and structural setting of these hydrocarbon occurrences. The zone of late Miocene to Recent oblique convergence includes the Bahamas Platform, Cretaceous and Paleogene arc rocks in Hispaniola, and the Cretaceous Caribbean oceanic plateau. Twentieth-century hydrocarbon exploration in Hispaniola has been concentrated on the elongate, NW- to WNW-trending, thrust- and strike-slip fault-bounded Cibao, San Juan–Azua and Enriquillo basins. Analyses of Cretaceous to Neogene rocks in the Dominican Republic have revealed that most rocks contain poor to marginal total organic carbon values. In the Azua Basin, a shallow marine, basin-edge facies of the middle Miocene Sombrerito Formation underlies the area of natural oil seeps and limited historical oil production and exhibits good to excellent total organic carbon values greater than 1%. Structural traps for oil at the Maleno and Higuerito oilfields of the Dominican Republic are large anticlines formed in post-late Miocene time. Reservoir rock for oil at the Maleno and Higuerito oilfields of the Dominican Republic is submarine fan-deposited sandstone of the late Miocene Trinchera Formation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of nutrients, total organic carbon, prokaryotes and viruses in onboard incubations of cold-water corals

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2609-2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maier ◽  
A. de Kluijver ◽  
M. Agis ◽  
C. P. D. Brussaard ◽  
F. C. van Duyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Incubation Experiments

Abstract. The potential influence of the cold-water corals (CWCs) Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata on the dynamics of inorganic nutrient and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and the abundances of prokaryotes and viruses in bottom water was assessed in onboard incubation experiments. Ammonium, nitrite, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and TOC concentrations and N:P ratios were typically higher in incubation water with corals than in controls, whereas nitrate concentrations did not reveal a clear trend. Mucus release (normalized to coral surface) was estimated by the net increase rate of TOC concentrations and averaged 23 ± 6 mg C m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 21 ± 8 mg C m−2 h−1 for M. oculata. Prokaryotic and viral abundance and turnover rates were typically stimulated in incubation water with corals. This estimated prokaryotic stimulation averaged 6.0 ± 3.0 × 109 cells m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 8.4 ± 2.9 × 109 cells m−2 h−1 for M. oculata, whereas the estimated viral stimulation averaged 15.6 ± 12.7 × 109 particles m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 4.3 ± 0.4 × 109 particles m−2 h−1 M. oculata. Our data suggest that prokaryotes and viruses are released from corals and that nutrient and mucus release enhanced prokaryotic and viral production. The result of this stimulation could be a fuelling of bottom water in CWC reefs with nutrients and organic matter and consequently an enhancement of microbe-mediated processes.

Seismic analysis of paleotopography and stratigraphic controls on total organic carbon: Rich sweet spot distribution in the Woodford Shale, Oklahoma, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. T33-T47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennon Infante-Paez ◽  
Luis-Felipe Cardona ◽  
Brenton McCullough ◽  
Roger Slatt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Sweet Spot ◽  
Woodford Shale ◽  
Subaerial Exposure ◽  
Unconformity Surface ◽  
Topographic Relief ◽  
Sweet Spots

The Devonian Woodford Shale is a prolific unconventional resource shale for oil and gas. Like many such shales, the Woodford sits atop an unconformity on the surface of underlying carbonate rocks (mainly the Hunton Group in this case). There is variable topographic relief on the unconformity surface due to incised valleys, cave collapse, and/or karst formation during periods of subaerial exposure resulting from eustatic sea-level fluctuations. Anomalously high thicknesses of the Woodford, with relatively high total organic carbon (TOC), can form within topographic depressions on the unconformity surface, giving rise to potential “sweet spots” as drilling targets. It is likely that the topographic relief that formed during subaerial exposure created areas of restricted marine circulation (or possibly hypersaline lakes) during an early fall in the sea level, and thus, localized anoxic depositional environments conducive to preservation of organic matter (TOC). Seismic analysis, calibrated with well logs and cuttings, of two areas on the Cherokee Platform in Oklahoma were completed to test the discontinuous and isolated distribution, vertically and horizontally, of the TOC. In one area, the TOC ranged up to 10 wt.% and in the other area, up to 13 wt.%. Seismic inversion and attribute analysis demonstrated the patchy distribution of the TOC vertically and laterally in both areas. These patchy, discontinuous distribution spotlights areas where TOC was preserved (in the minibasins), and point to potential sweet-spot locations. The delineation of organic-rich sweet spots was accomplished by integrating geologic, geochemical, and geophysical data in probabilistic neural networks obtaining seismic impedance-derived TOC that was mapped across different locations in the Cherokee Platform.

scholarly journals Dynamics of nutrients, total organic carbon, prokaryotes and viruses in onboard incubations of cold-water corals

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3829-3861 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maier ◽  
A. de Kluijver ◽  
M. Agis ◽  
C. P. D. Brussaard ◽  
F. C. van Duyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Incubation Experiments

Abstract. The potential influence of the cold-water corals (CWCs) Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata on the dynamics of inorganic nutrient and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and the abundances of prokaryotes and viruses in bottom water was assessed in onboard incubation experiments. Ammonium, nitrite, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and TOC concentrations and N:P ratios were typically higher in incubation water with corals than in controls, whereas nitrate concentrations did not reveal a clear trend. Mucus release (normalized to coral surface) was estimated by the net increase rate of TOC concentrations and averaged 23 ± 6 mg C m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 21 ± 8 mg C m−2 h−1 for M. oculata. Prokaryotic and viral abundance and turnover rates were typically stimulated in incubation water with corals. This prokaryotic stimulation averaged 6.0 ± 3.0 × 109 cells m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 8.4 ± 2.9 ×109 cells m−2 h−1 for M. oculata, whereas the viral stimulation averaged 15.6 ± 12.7 × 109 particles m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 4.3 ± 0.4 × 109 particles m−2 h−1 M. oculata. Our data suggest that prokaryotes and viruses are released from corals and that nutrient and mucus release enhanced prokaryotic and viral production. The result of this stimulation could be a fuelling of bottom water in CWC reefs with nutrients and organic matter and consequently an enhancement of microbe-mediated processes.

Effect of total organic carbon and aquatic humic substances on the occurrence of lead at the tap

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Winning ◽  
Beata Gorczyca ◽  
Kenneth Brezinski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Aquatic Humic Substances ◽  
Lead Release ◽  
The City

Homes with lead service lines (LSLs) in the City of Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, were found to exceed the provincial standard of 10 μg/L for lead in drinking water. Solids identified by X-ray diffraction of LSL scale were Pb5O8 and PbO2, indicating that lead(II) solids in the LSL scale have been oxidized to lead(IV) solids by free chlorine residuals. Natural organic matter (NOM) can reduce PbO2 within a few hours, and Brandon treated water has high levels of NOM at approximately 5–7.6 mg/L as total organic carbon (TOC). As water stagnates in the LSL during periods of no water use the free chlorine residual is depleted, permitting PbO2 to oxidize NOM and be reduced to more soluble lead(II) species, resulting in an increase in dissolved lead concentrations. Although it is generally believed that aquatic humic substances (AHS) are primarily responsible for the reductant capacity of NOM, removal of AHS from the treated water resulted in a 6% decrease in lead release from PbO2, while removal of 50% of total NOM resulted in a 75% decrease in lead release. AHS and TOC were not found to play a significant role in the reduction of PbO2 in this water.

scholarly journals Using BiVO4/CuO-Based Photoelectrocatalyzer for 4-Nitrophenol Degradation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Martimiano do Prado ◽  
Fernando Lindo Silva ◽  
Guilherme Grosseli ◽  
Pedro Sergio Fadini ◽  
Orlando Fatibello-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Munk Function ◽  
Nitrophenol Degradation

The present work reports the degradation of 4-nitrophenol using BiVO4/CuO hybrid material synthesized by the precipitation of BiVO4 in the presence of CuO. Morphological and structural characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Through the calculation of the Kubelka–Munk function applied to diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry data, the hybrid material presented absorption edge of 1.85 eV. The formation of p-n heterojunction between BiVO4 and CuO renders the hybrid material suitable for the construction of a photoanode employed in hydroxyl radical generation. UV–vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography experiments were performed in order to monitor the degradation of 4-nitrophenol and the formation of secondary products. Additional information regarding the hybrid material was obtained through ion chromatography and total organic carbon analyses. The application of BiVO4/CuO-based photocatalyzer led to a 50.2% decrease in total organic carbon after the degradation of 4-nitrophenol. Based on the results obtained in the study, BiVO4/CuO has proved to be a promising material suitable for the removal of recalcitrant compounds in water treatment plants.

scholarly journals Lower Wenlock black shales in the northern Holy Cross Mountains, Poland: sedimentary and geochemical controls on the Ireviken Event in a deep marine setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSTYNA SMOLAREK ◽  
WIESŁAW TRELA ◽  
DAVID P. G. BOND ◽  
LESZEK MARYNOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Black Shale ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Pyrite Framboids ◽  
Redox History ◽  
Deposition Conditions

AbstractThe stratigraphic variability and geochemistry of Llandovery/Wenlock (L/W) Series boundary sediments in Poland reveals that hemipelagic sedimentation under an anoxic/euxinic water column was interrupted by low-density bottom currents or detached diluted turbid layers that resulted in intermittent seafloor oxygenation. Total organic carbon values and inorganic proxies throughout the Wilków 1 borehole section suggest variable redox conditions. U/Mo ratios > 1 throughout much of the Aeronian and Telychian stages, together with an absence of pyrite framboids, suggest oxygenated conditions prevailed. However, elevated total organic carbon near the Aeronian/Telychian boundary, together with increased U/Th and V/(V + Ni) ratios and populations of small pyrite framboids are consistent with the development of dysoxic/anoxic conditions at that time. U/Th, V/Cr and V/(V + Ni) ratios, as well as Uauthig and Mo concentrations, suggest that during the Ireviken black shale deposition, bottom-water conditions deteriorated from oxic during Telychian time to mostly suboxic/anoxic immediately prior to the L/W boundary, before a brief reoxygenation at the end of the Ireviken black shale sedimentation in the Sheinwoodian Stage. Rapid fluctuations in U/Mo during the Ireviken Event are characteristic of fluctuating redox conditions that culminated in an anoxic/euxinic seafloor in Sheinwoodian time. Following Ireviken black shale deposition, conditions once again became oxygen deficient with the development of a euxinic zone in the water column. The Aeronian to Sheinwoodian deep-water redox history was unstable, and rapid fluctuations of the chemocline across the L/W Series boundary probably contributed to the Ireviken Event extinctions, which affected mainly pelagic and hemipelagic fauna.

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