Attribute-assisted characterization of basement faulting and the associated sedimentary sequence deformation in north-central Oklahoma

Patterns of recent seismogenic fault reactivation in the granitic basement of north-central Oklahoma necessitate an understanding of the structural characteristics of the inherited basement-rooted faults. Here, we focus on the Nemaha Uplift & Fault Zone (NFZ) and the surrounding areas, within which we analyze the top-basement and intrabasement structures in eight poststack time-migrated 3D seismic reflection data sets. Overall, our results reveal 115 fault traces at the top of the Precambrian basement with sub-vertical dips, and dominant trends of west-northwest–east-southeast, northeast–southwest, and north–south. We observe that proximal to the NFZ, faults dominantly strike north–south, are fewer (<10), and have the lowest areal density and intensity, while displaying the largest maximum vertical separation. However, farther away (>30 km) from the NFZ, faults exhibit predominantly northeast–southwest trends, fault areal density and intensity increases, and maximum vertical separation decreases steadily. Of the analyzed faults, approximately 49% are confined to the basement (intrabasement), ~28% terminate within the Arbuckle Group, and approximately 23% transect units above the Arbuckle Group. These observations suggest that (1) proximal to the NFZ, deformation is dominantly accommodated along a few but longer fault segments, most of the mapped faults cut into the sedimentary rocks, and most of the through-going faults propagate farther up-section above the Arbuckle Group; and (2) with distance away from the NFZ, deformation is diffuse and distributed across relatively shorter fault segments, and most basement faults do not extend into the sedimentary cover. The existence of through-going faults suggests the potential for spatially pervasive fluid movement along faults. Further, observations reveal pervasive, subhorizontal intrabasement reflectors (igneous sills) that terminate at the basement-sediment interface. Results have direct implications for wastewater injection and seismicity in north-central Oklahoma and southern Kansas. Additionally, they provide insight into the characteristics of basement-rooted structures around the NFZ region and suggest a means by which to characterize basement structures where seismic data are available.

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Three-dimensional geometry and growth of a basement-involved fault network developed during multiphase extension, Enderby Terrace, North West Shelf of Australia

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-997 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hongdan Deng ◽

Ken McClay

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Sedimentary Basins ◽

Fault Reactivation ◽

Late Triassic ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

North West ◽

Reflection Data ◽

Data Volume ◽

Vertical Linkages ◽

Fault Network

<div>Basement fault reactivation, and the growth, interaction, and linkage with new fault segments are fundamentally three-dimensional and critical for understanding the evolution of fault network development in sedimentary basins. This paper analyses the evolution of a complex, basement-involved extensional fault network on the Enderby Terrace on the eastern margin of the Dampier sub-basin, NW Shelf of Australia. A high-resolution, depth-converted, 3D seismic reflection data volume is used to show that multiphase, oblique extensional reactivation of basement-involved faults controlled the development of the fault network in the overlying strata. Oblique reactivation of the pre-existing faults initially led to the formation of overlying, en &#233;chelon Late Triassic &#8211; Middle Jurassic fault segments that, as WNW&#8211;directed rifting progressed on the margin, linked by breaching of relay ramp to form two intersecting fault systems (F1 and F2-F4). Further reactivation in the Latest Jurassic &#8211; Early Cretaceous (NNW&#8211;SSE extension) produced an additional set of en &#233;chelon fault arrays in the cover strata. The final fault network consists of main or principal faults and subordinate or splay faults, together with branch lines that link the various components. Our study shows that breaching of relay ramps and/or vertical linkages produces vertical and horizontal branch lines giving complex final fault geometries. We find that repeated activity of the basement-involved faults tends to form continuous and planar fault architectures that favor displacement transfer between the main constituent segments along strike and with depth.</div>

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Structural Characteristics of the Andaman Forearc Inferred from Interpretation of Multichannel Seismic Reflection Data

Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition ◽

10.1111/1755-6724.12279 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 1145-1156 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anitha GOLI ◽

Dhananjai K. PANDEY

Keyword(s):

Seismic Reflection ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

Reflection Data ◽

Multichannel Seismic Reflection ◽

Multichannel Seismic Reflection Data

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Three-dimensional geometry and growth of a basement-involved fault network developed during multiphase extension, Enderby Terrace, North West Shelf of Australia

Geological Society of America Bulletin ◽

10.1130/b35779.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hongdan Deng ◽

Ken McClay

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Sedimentary Basins ◽

Fault Reactivation ◽

Late Triassic ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

North West ◽

Reflection Data ◽

Data Volume ◽

Vertical Linkages ◽

Fault Network

Basement fault reactivation, and the growth, interaction, and linkage with new fault segments are fundamentally three-dimensional and critical for understanding the evolution of fault network development in sedimentary basins. This paper analyzes the evolution of a complex, basement-involved extensional fault network on the Enderby Terrace on the eastern margin of the Dampier sub-basin, North West Shelf of Australia. A high-resolution, depth-converted, 3-D seismic reflection data volume is used to show that multiphase, oblique extensional reactivation of basement-involved faults controlled the development of the fault network in the overlying strata. Reactivation of the pre-existing faults initially led to the formation of overlying, en échelon Late Triassic−Middle Jurassic fault segments that, as WNW-directed rifting progressed on the margin, linked by breaching of relay zones to form two intersecting fault systems (F1 and F2−F4). Further reactivation in the latest Jurassic−Early Cretaceous (NNW-SSE extension) produced an additional set of en échelon fault arrays in the cover strata. The final fault network consists of main or principal faults and subordinate or splay faults, together with branch lines that link the various components. Our study shows that breaching of relay ramps and/or vertical linkages produces vertical and horizontal branch lines giving complex final fault geometries. We find that repeated activity of the basement-involved faults tends to form continuous and planar fault architectures that favor displacement transfer between the main constituent segments along strike and with depth.

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Geophysical studies on the eastern continental margin of Baffin Bay and in Lancaster Sound

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e77-170 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 1991-2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. R. Jackson ◽

C. E. Keen ◽

D. L. Barrett

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Seismic Refraction ◽

Continental Drift ◽

Baffin Island ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

Baffin Bay ◽

Reflection Data ◽

Basement High ◽

Seismic Refraction Data ◽

Sea Floor Spreading

The results of three crustal refraction lines on the western margin of Baffin Bay and one in Lancaster Sound are described. The refraction measurements in Baffin Bay along with earlier refraction, gravity, magnetic, and seismic reflection data are used to define the boundary between continental and oceanic crust. The results suggest that the transition from continental to oceanic material takes place in about 30 km. The seismic refraction data also suggest a sedimentary basin on the continental shelf with at least 6 km thickness of sediment which, however, thins rapidly near Baffin Island. This basin is truncated under the slope by either a basement high or carbonate rocks. Lancaster Sound is filled by about 10 km of sediments that could be either of Mesozoic or Paleozoic age based on comparisons with velocities in nearby wells. The sedimentary and structural characteristics of Lancaster Sound are discussed and related to the concepts of sea-floor spreading and continental drift.

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Gravity tectonics in the SE Basin (Provence, France) imaged from seismic reflection data

BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin ◽

10.2113/gssgfbull.181.6.503 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 181 (6) ◽

pp. 503-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Claude Rangin ◽

Xavier Le Pichon ◽

Youri Hamon ◽

Nicolas Loget ◽

Agnès Crespy

Keyword(s):

Seismic Data ◽

Sedimentary Cover ◽

Field Work ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

Reflection Data ◽

Structural Framework ◽

Geological Maps ◽

Fold And Thrust Belt ◽

Thrust Zone ◽

The Alps

AbstractUsing industrial seismic data available in the French Southeast Basin in Provence, we put into evidence thin skinned processes that have dominated tectonics in this basin since the Oligocene. These interpretations are then replaced within the regional structural framework of SW France with geological maps and field work. A thick Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary cover is detached on a main décollement frequently localized within the Triassic evaporites. The underlying basement is undeformed. The Mid-Durance fault, the Luberon, Trévaresse, and the Ventoux-Lure thrust zones and the Diois-Baronnies fold and thrust belt are produced by thin-skinned tectonics, the associated structures having no roots within the pre-Triassic basement. This thin-skinned deformation is interpreted as resulting from a regional southward gravity mass flow, induced by the westward Alps extrusion, followed in recent times by radial collapse of the Alps. The incipient stage of this gravity sliding occurred during the Late Oligocene in the Diois-Baronnies (the former Mesozoic Vocontian basin), and then rapidly progressed to the south across the Ventoux-Lure thrust zone in Provence during the Miocene. Southward, this gravity sliding vanishes approaching the E-W trending structural high of the Eocene Pyrénéo-Provençal orogenic belt in southern Provence.

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Structural inversion of the North Ligurian margin: results from the SEFASILS experiment

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9759 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Albane Canva ◽

Jean-Xavier Dessa ◽

Alessandra Ribodetti ◽

Marie-Odile Beslier ◽

Laure Schenini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Continental Slope ◽

Sedimentary Cover ◽

Fault System ◽

Wide Angle ◽

Ligurian Sea ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

Alpine Belt ◽

The North ◽

Reflection Data ◽

Ligurian Basin

<p>The north Ligurian margin is a stretched continental margin located at the junction of the Western Mediterranean Sea and the Alpine belt. This region underwent several phases of contrasting deformation styles. The Ligurian basin opened from late Oligocene to early Miocene times, as a result of a back-arc extension induced by the rollback of the subducted Apulian plate. Since then, it has been evolving in the immediate vicinity of the active Alpine orogen, in a regional compressional setting between the Corsica-Sardinia continental block and mainland Europe.</p><p>Nowadays, continuous seismic activity, with mainly reverse focal mechanisms, is recorded in the northeastern part of the Ligurian Basin. It is attributed to the compressional phase at work in the Gulf of Genoa since about 5 Myrs, which led to a significant uplift of the north margin documented by a vertical offset of the Messinian stratigraphic markers by more than 1000 m offshore Imperia. Although active seismogenic faults are still poorly known, a fault system outcropping at the foot of the continental slope, offshore Liguria and the French Riviera, is suspected from previous joint high-resolution seismic reflection data interpretation and sismotectonic studies.</p><p>The SEFASILS project (Seismic Exploration of Faults And Structures In the Ligurian Sea) aims to better understand the mechanisms of the ongoing tectonic inversion of the margin and the crustal-scale tectonic structures &#8211;active or not&#8211; marking its evolution.&#160; We also aim to better characterize the sharp transition from the South Alpine belt to the Ligurian basin. Acquiring quality deep seismic data in the Ligurian Sea is challenging due to the complexity of structures beneath the margin and to the screening effect of the thick Messinian evaporitic series interlayered in the sedimentary cover farther seaward. To this end, joint acquisitions of deep, long-streamer multichannel seismic (MSC) reflection data and dense sea-bottom wide angle refraction data (WAS) have been carried out along a 150 km long profile offshore Nice, perpendicularly to the basin&#8217;s axis.</p><p>The MCS data, thanks to pre- and post-stack migration, highlight faults at the foot of the continental slope rooting deeper than the salt decollement level. A first arrival travel time tomographic inversion of the wide angle data allowed us to build a velocity model of the study area reaching down to the uppermost mantle. Here, we present the results obtained from the joint analysis of MCS and WAS data. On the southern part of our profile some deep reflectivity, closely mirrored by the 7 km/s tomographic isovelocity, likely corresponds to the Moho. It is lost to the north, where shallower reflectivity, which could be interpreted as the base the thick sedimentary cover, coincides with the 5 km/s isovelocity. These two features are separately observed on both sides of what appears to be a major structural discontinuity between two contrasting basement domains, coinciding with an anomalously large salt diapiric complex in the sedimentary cover, also observed farther east in the basin. Such observations and their potential consequences will be discussed, in the light of previous regional studies.</p>

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The syn-rift sedimentary cover of the North Biscay Margin (bay of Biscay): from new reflection seismic data

BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin ◽

10.2113/173.6.515 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 173 (6) ◽

pp. 515-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Isabelle Thinon ◽

Jean-Pierre Réhault ◽

Luis Fidalgo-González

Keyword(s):

Seismic Data ◽

Sedimentary Basin ◽

Sedimentary Cover ◽

Seismic Facies ◽

Bay Of Biscay ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

Reflection Seismic ◽

The North ◽

Reflection Data ◽

Lower Aptian

Abstract The Armorican Basin is a deep sedimentary basin lying at the footside of the North Bay of Biscay. From previous scattered inadequate data, the age and nature of this basin, oceanic domain or deep part of the Armorican margin itself were largely speculated. From this new seismo-stratigraphic study based on a dense seismic cover, the sedimentation within the Armorican Basin is beginning in the Aptian times, during the last tectonic rifting episode of the margin. The first sediments formation identified as the « 3B layer » is characterised on the profiles by a chaotic and transparent seismic facies and was emplaced by slumping process when the margin collapsed, at the final rifting phase, just before the oceanic accretion. The new seismic reflection data give also some informations on the polyphased evolution of the North Biscay Margin during the rifting period. Two main events occurred during the Lower Cretaceous times (the first one is pre-Berriasian, the second is Aptian), separated by a quiet tectonic period including the Upper Berriasian and Lower Aptian times. The first event is responsible of the margin tectonic structuration in some blocks, the second of collapsing and the emplacement of the allochthonous sediments (3B layer) in the Armorican Basin.

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The sedimentary markers of the Messinian salinity crisis and their relation with salt tectonics on the Provençal margin (western Mediterranean): results from the “MAURESC” cruise

BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin ◽

10.2113/gssgfbull.182.2.181 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 182 (2) ◽

pp. 181-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Edda Marlène Obone-Zue-Obame ◽

Virginie Gaullier ◽

Françoise Sage ◽

Agnès Maillard ◽

Johanna Lofi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sedimentary Cover ◽

Close Relation ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Seismic Facies ◽

Normal Faults ◽

Salt Tectonics ◽

Messinian Salinity Crisis ◽

Deep Basin ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

Reflection Data

Abstract The Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) is characterized by gigantic erosion that remodels the margins while a thick, essentially evaporitic and detrital, sedimentary sequence forms in the deep basins. Based on recent (MAURESC, 2003) and earlier (MESEA 1, 1990; MAGIRAA, 1996; GEOBREST, 2002) seismic reflection data, this work brings to light the record of the MSC on the Provençal margin, which has until now been rarely explored from this perspective. Beyond its strictly regional interest, this study fits into a larger synthesis of MSC seismic markers in the Mediterranean and Black Sea marine domain [Lofi et al., 2011] and employs the new nomenclature established on this occasion. The results obtained reveal a Messinian detrital body (CU unit) of 625 metres maximum thickness at the foot of the margin, accumulating at the mouths of the principal canyons. Its form, facies and extension assimilate it to clastic fans, fed by subaerial erosion linked to the MSC. The relative geometry of CU and the Messinian units MU and UU deposited in the deep basin give indications to their chronostratigraphic relations. The deposition of the CU unit is posterior to the basal part of the mobile unit consisting of halite (MU), but contemporary to its top. These results agree with the recent scenarii, which propose that the precipitation of MU in the basin began early, during the lowering of the sea level, and ended at a low level during the MSC [Blanc, 2000; Martin et al., 2001; Sage et al., 2005; Ryan, 2009]. The UU unit surmounts MU and is subdivided into two sub-units with perceptibly different seismic facies : UU1 at the base and UU2 at the summit. UU1 could correspond to a unit containing more halite and/or more clastic material than UU2. The UU1 sub-unit could be partially contemporary to the CU unit. Concerning salt tectonics and its markers, three structural provinces have been evidenced in the sector of study, respectively : an upslope domain in extension (normal faults), an intermediary domain in translation (tabular MU) and a downslope domain in contraction (salt diapirs). These domains are directly linked to the gravity spreading and/or gliding of the brittle sedimentary cover formed by the CU, UU and Plio-Quatenary units and of the mobile level, MU. In the study area, a close relation between the distribution and thickness of CU and salt tectonics has additionally been evidenced at the mouths of the large Messinian canyons, being best expressed where CU is thick.

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