Workshop Review: Joint DGG-SEG Scientific Drilling Workshop a success

SEG and the German Geophysical Society (DGG) held their first joint workshop in early March at DGG's 2021 Annual Meeting. The workshop was part of a new cooperative aim between DGG and SEG to promote engagement between the societies, to foster growth in geophysics, and to expand the community of scientists and engineers tackling important geophysical problems. The 2021 workshop theme, “Scientific Drilling,” was chosen because scientific drilling provides access to rocks and fluids in the subsurface that are essential for ground truthing interpretations from geophysical data and geologic interpretation, for providing samples and in-situ data for detailed characterization, and for providing inputs to models. Consequently, the workshop aimed to attract interest across many subfields of geophysics.

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STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93852689d4.28131112 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Myasoedov ◽

Sergey Azarov ◽

Ekaterina Balashova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Satellite Data ◽

Wind Wave ◽

Arctic Region ◽

Web Gis ◽

The Arctic ◽

Flexible Tool ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Current State ◽

Watch System

Working with satellite data, has long been an issue for users which has often prevented from a wider use of these data because of Volume, Access, Format and Data Combination. The purpose of the Storm Ice Oil Wind Wave Watch System (SIOWS) developed at Satellite Oceanography Laboratory (SOLab) is to solve the main issues encountered with satellite data and to provide users with a fast and flexible tool to select and extract data within massive archives that match exactly its needs or interest improving the efficiency of the monitoring system of geophysical conditions in the Arctic. SIOWS - is a Web GIS, designed to display various satellite, model and in situ data, it uses developed at SOLab storing, processing and visualization technologies for operational and archived data. It allows synergistic analysis of both historical data and monitoring of the current state and dynamics of the "ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere" system in the Arctic region, as well as Arctic system forecasting based on thermodynamic models with satellite data assimilation.

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Experimental determination of reflectance spectra of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the Scotia Sea

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102021000262 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Anna Belcher ◽

Sophie Fielding ◽

Andrew Gray ◽

Lauren Biermann ◽

Gabriele Stowasser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antarctic Krill ◽

Euphausia Superba ◽

Reflectance Spectra ◽

Spectral Signature ◽

Absorption Feature ◽

Scotia Sea ◽

Surface Ocean ◽

Measuring Surface ◽

Ground Truthing

Abstract Antarctic krill are the dominant metazoan in the Southern Ocean in terms of biomass; however, their wide and patchy distribution means that estimates of their biomass are still uncertain. Most currently employed methods do not sample the upper surface layers, yet historical records indicate that large surface swarms can change the water colour. Ocean colour satellites are able to measure the surface ocean synoptically and should theoretically provide a means for detecting and measuring surface krill swarms. Before we can assess the feasibility of remote detection, more must be known about the reflectance spectra of krill. Here, we measure the reflectance spectral signature of Antarctic krill collected in situ from the Scotia Sea and compare it to that of in situ water. Using a spectroradiometer, we measure a strong absorption feature between 500 and 550 nm, which corresponds to the pigment astaxanthin, and high reflectance in the 600–700 nm range due to the krill's red colouration. We find that the spectra of seawater containing krill is significantly different from seawater only. We conclude that it is tractable to detect high-density swarms of krill remotely using platforms such as optical satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles, and further steps to carry out ground-truthing campaigns are now warranted.

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Critical Dynamics of Defects and Mechanisms of Damage-Failure Transitions in Fatigue

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2554

Author(s):

Oleg Naimark ◽

Vladimir Oborin ◽

Mikhail Bannikov ◽

Dmitry Ledon

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Damage ◽

Kinetic Equations ◽

Experimental Methodology ◽

Preliminary Deformation ◽

Scaling Properties ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Number Of Cycles ◽

Fish Eye ◽

Very High

An experimental methodology was developed for estimating a very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) life of the aluminum alloy AMG-6 subjected to preliminary deformation. The analysis of fatigue damage staging is based on the measurement of elastic modulus decrement according to “in situ” data of nonlinear dynamics of free-end specimen vibrations at the VHCF test. The correlation of fatigue damage staging and fracture surface morphology was studied to establish the scaling properties and kinetic equations for damage localization, “fish-eye” nucleation, and transition to the Paris crack kinetics. These equations, based on empirical parameters related to the structure of the material, allows us to estimate the number of cycles for the nucleation and advance of fatigue crack.

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Measuring and inferring the ice thickness distribution of four glaciers in the Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/jog.2020.104 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Lander Van Tricht ◽

Philippe Huybrechts ◽

Jonas Van Breedam ◽

Johannes J. Fürst ◽

Oleg Rybak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Validation ◽

Thickness Distribution ◽

Tien Shan ◽

Ice Thickness ◽

Ice Volume ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Radio Echo Sounding ◽

Thickness Measurements ◽

Tien Shan Mountains

Abstract Glaciers in the Tien Shan mountains contribute considerably to the fresh water used for irrigation, households and energy supply in the dry lowland areas of Kyrgyzstan and its neighbouring countries. To date, reconstructions of the current ice volume and ice thickness distribution remain scarce, and accurate data are largely lacking at the local scale. Here, we present a detailed ice thickness distribution of Ashu-Tor, Bordu, Golubin and Kara-Batkak glaciers derived from radio-echo sounding measurements and modelling. All the ice thickness measurements are used to calibrate three individual models to estimate the ice thickness in inaccessible areas. A cross-validation between modelled and measured ice thickness for a subset of the data is performed to attribute a weight to every model and to assemble a final composite ice thickness distribution for every glacier. Results reveal the thickest ice on Ashu-Tor glacier with values up to 201 ± 12 m. The ice thickness measurements and distributions are also compared with estimates composed without the use of in situ data. These estimates approach the total ice volume well, but local ice thicknesses vary substantially.

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Evaluating model parameterizations of submicron aerosol scattering and absorption with in situ data from ARCTAS 2008

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-16-9435-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 9435-9455 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Matthew J. Alvarado ◽

Chantelle R. Lonsdale ◽

Helen L. Macintyre ◽

Huisheng Bian ◽

Mian Chin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Aerosol Size Distribution ◽

Visible Radiation ◽

Submicron Aerosol ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Aerosol Absorption ◽

Aerosol Scattering ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Accurate modeling of the scattering and absorption of ultraviolet and visible radiation by aerosols is essential for accurate simulations of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Closure studies using in situ measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption can be used to evaluate and improve models of aerosol optical properties without interference from model errors in aerosol emissions, transport, chemistry, or deposition rates. Here we evaluate the ability of four externally mixed, fixed size distribution parameterizations used in global models to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption at three wavelengths using in situ data gathered during the 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. The four models are the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Combo model, GEOS-Chem v9-02, the baseline configuration of a version of GEOS-Chem with online radiative transfer calculations (called GC-RT), and the Optical Properties of Aerosol and Clouds (OPAC v3.1) package. We also use the ARCTAS data to perform the first evaluation of the ability of the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP v2.1) to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption when in situ data on the aerosol size distribution are used, and examine the impact of different mixing rules for black carbon (BC) on the results. We find that the GMI model tends to overestimate submicron scattering and absorption at shorter wavelengths by 10–23 %, and that GMI has smaller absolute mean biases for submicron absorption than OPAC v3.1, GEOS-Chem v9-02, or GC-RT. However, the changes to the density and refractive index of BC in GC-RT improve the simulation of submicron aerosol absorption at all wavelengths relative to GEOS-Chem v9-02. Adding a variable size distribution, as in ASP v2.1, improves model performance for scattering but not for absorption, likely due to the assumption in ASP v2.1 that BC is present at a constant mass fraction throughout the aerosol size distribution. Using a core-shell mixing rule in ASP overestimates aerosol absorption, especially for the fresh biomass burning aerosol measured in ARCTAS-B, suggesting the need for modeling the time-varying mixing states of aerosols in future versions of ASP.

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Climate sensitivity studies of the Greenland ice sheet using satellite AVHRR, SMMR, SSM/I and in situ data

Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics ◽

10.1007/bf01030497 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 (3-4) ◽

pp. 239-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

K. Steffen ◽

W. Abdalati ◽

J. Stroeve

Keyword(s):

Climate Sensitivity ◽

Ice Sheet ◽

Greenland Ice Sheet ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Sensitivity Studies

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Flux rope axis geometry of magnetic clouds deduced from in situ data

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921313011071 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (S300) ◽

pp. 265-268

Author(s):

Miho Janvier ◽

Pascal Démoulin ◽

Sergio Dasso

Keyword(s):

Interplanetary Medium ◽

Magnetic Cloud ◽

Flux Rope ◽

Magnetic Clouds ◽

Direct Integration ◽

Axis Orientation ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Geometrical Features ◽

Wide Range

AbstractMagnetic clouds (MCs) consist of flux ropes that are ejected from the low solar corona during eruptive flares. Following their ejection, they propagate in the interplanetary medium where they can be detected by in situ instruments and heliospheric imagers onboard spacecraft. Although in situ measurements give a wide range of data, these only depict the nature of the MC along the unidirectional trajectory crossing of a spacecraft. As such, direct 3D measurements of MC characteristics are impossible. From a statistical analysis of a wide range of MCs detected at 1 AU by the Wind spacecraft, we propose different methods to deduce the most probable magnetic cloud axis shape. These methods include the comparison of synthetic distributions with observed distributions of the axis orientation, as well as the direct integration of observed probability distribution to deduce the global MC axis shape. The overall shape given by those two methods is then compared with 2D heliospheric images of a propagating MC and we find similar geometrical features.

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Low Wave Number Radar Image Energy Influence on Determining Current

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6054 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 433-440 ◽

pp. 6054-6059

Author(s):

Gan Nan Yuan ◽

Rui Cai Jia ◽

Yun Tao Dai ◽

Ying Li

Keyword(s):

Wave Spectrum ◽

Surface Current ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Radar Image ◽

Wave Number ◽

Sea State ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Main Effects

In the radar imaging mechanism different phenomena are present, as a result the radar image is not a direct representation of the sea state. In analyzing radar image spectra, it can be realized that all of these phenomena produce distortions in the wave spectrum. The main effects are more energy for very low frequencies. This work investigates the structure of the sea clutter spectrum, and analysis the low wave number energy influence on determining sea surface current. Then the radar measure current is validated by experiments. By comparing with the in situ data, we know that the radar results reversed by image spectrum without low wave number spectrum have high precision. The low wave number energy influent determining current seriously.

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