scholarly journals Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in people with intellectual disability: statistical approach to developing a bespoke screening tool

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indermeet Sawhney ◽  
Bhathika Perera ◽  
Paul Bassett ◽  
Asif Zia ◽  
Regi T Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Questionnaire Result ◽  
The Individual

Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among people with intellectual disability. Diagnosing ADHD in this clinically and cognitively complex and diverse group is difficult, given the overlapping psychiatric and behavioural presentations. Underdiagnoses and misdiagnoses leading to irrational polypharmacy and worse health and social outcomes are common. Diagnostic interviews exist, but are cumbersome and not in regular clinical use. Aims We aimed to develop a screening tool to help identify people with intellectual disability and ADHD. Method A prospective cross-sectional study, using STROBE guidance, invited all carers of people with intellectual disability aged 18–50 years open to the review of the psychiatric team in a single UK intellectual disability service (catchment population: 150 000). A ten-item questionnaire based on the DSM-V ADHD criteria was circulated. All respondents’ baseline clinical characteristics were recorded, and the DIVA-5-ID was administered blinded to the individual questionnaire result. Fisher exact and multiple logistic regressions were conducted to identify relevant questionnaire items and the combinations that afforded best sensitivity and specificity for predicting ADHD. Results Of 78 people invited, 39 responded (26 men, 13 women), of whom 30 had moderate-to-profound intellectual disability and 38 had associated comorbidities and on were medication, including 22 on psychotropics. Thirty-six screened positive for ADHD, and 24 were diagnosed (16 men, eight women). Analysis showed two positive responses on three specific questions to have 88% sensitivity and 87% specificity, and be the best predictor of ADHD. Conclusions The three-question screening is an important development for identifying ADHD in people with intellectual disability. It needs larger-scale replication to generate generalisable results.

EARLY RECOGNIZATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER BY VANDERBILT ADHD RATING SCALE FOR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dinh Duong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo ◽  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Han Vo ◽  
Huu Chau Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to examine the associated factors with ADHD among primary students by Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for teacher and parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 564 students who selected randomly in 4 primary schools in Hue city. Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for parents and teachers were applied to evaluate the ADHD of children over 6 months ago. Results: The overall prevalence of children who had high risk with ADHD was 4.1% (95%CI: 2.44 - 5.72), including 4.6% and 4.8% in the rating of teachers and parents, respectively. Male was more likely to have ADHD than female (OR adj: 4.64 (95%CI: 1.53 - 14.05) and lack of closely friend (OR adj: 5.11 (95% CI: 2.13 - 12.24). Conclusion: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnosis rating scale for teachers and parents can be used to early recognization children with a high risk of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, Vanderbilt, ratings scale, teacher, parent, children

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in Patients Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Antioquia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Sierra Montoya ◽  
Sandra Catalina Mesa Restrepo ◽  
Jorge Mauricio Cuartas Arias ◽  
William Cornejo Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Issue

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral issue for children. One of the sleeping disorders most frequently related to ADHD is the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, something that is generally associated with paresthesias and motor restlessness. The prevalence rate of RLS in children diagnosed with ADHD is close to 18%, but in Colombia, these cases have been hardly studied. Objective: To determine the frequency of RLS, in children with ADHD. Methods: A cross-sectional study, filled out by parents of children diagnosed with ADHD, were analyzed. This questionnaire contained clinical criteria for classifying ADHD according to the DSM-IV, as well as diagnostic criteria for RLS by the National Institutes of Health (2003). Results: A predominance rate of 65.6% in combined ADHD was observed in children with RLS criteria. Upon carrying out an exploratory data analysis, it was found that having a family history of RLS and belonging to the middle or low socioeconomic strata are conditions associated with the presence of RLS in children with ADHD, with a significant p (p < 0.000) and a PR of 4.47 (3.16-6.32). Conclusions: The prevalence of RLS was similar to the findings of other clinical investigations. However, it highlights new prevalence values in relation to the comorbidity between ADHD and RLS, suggesting the need for new clinical and therapeutic alternatives amidst the presence of both syndromes.

Nutritional and environmental factors in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael San Mauro Martín ◽  
Javier Andrés Blumenfeld Olivares ◽  
Elena Garicano Vilar ◽  
Manuela Echeverry López ◽  
Marta García Bernat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairment or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Older Adults? A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felippe Mendonca ◽  
Felipe Kenji Sudo ◽  
Gustavo Santiago-Bravo ◽  
Natalia Oliveira ◽  
Naima Assuncao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Age Related

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental condition, which may be associated with life-enduring cognitive dysfunction. It has been hypothesized that age-related cognitive decline may overlap with preexisting deficits in older ADHD patients, leading to increased problems to manage everyday-life activities. This phenomenon may mimic neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This cross-sectional study aims to assess cognitive and behavioral differences between older subjects with ADHD and MCI.Methods: A total of 107 older participants (41 controls; 40 MCI and 26 ADHD; mean age = 67.60 ± 7.50 years; mean schooling = 15.14 ± 2.77 years; 65.4% females) underwent clinical, cognitive, and behavioral assessments by a multidisciplinary team at the Memory Clinic, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean scores in neuropsychological tasks and behavioral scales were compared across groups.Results: Participants with ADHD showed poorer performances than controls in episodic memory and executive function with large effect-sizes. Performances were comparable between MCI and ADHD for all domains.Discussion: MCI and ADHD in older individuals are dissociated clinical entities with overlapping cognitive profiles. Clinicians ought to be aware of these converging phenotypes to avoid misdiagnosis.

scholarly journals Co-morbidity of attention deficit hyper activity disorder and associated factors among children with seizure disorder attending pediatric seizure clinic a cross-sectional study at Gondar University hospital (2016), northwest, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haregewoin Mulat Sebhat ◽  
Niguse Muluneh ◽  
Tewodros Eyasu
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Epileptic Children

Abstract BackgroundWhen attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presents in epileptic children, it makes the treatment complicated and the prognosis poor. Hence, understanding the magnitude of ADHD and associated factors would be important to have a policy intention towards these people and to design appropriate interventions. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine co-morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated factors in children with seizure disorders.Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted by taking 260children who had follow ups in the pediatric seizure clinic. The systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. A structured, pretested and interviewer administered questionnaire which included questions on associated factors and standard disruptive behavioural disorder (DBD) rating scale was used to collect data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned by using the Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The multivariate binary logistic regression was used to cheek the association between independent and dependent variables. Variables with significant associations were identified on the basis of OR, with a 95%CI and p-value of < 0.05 and considered as statistically significant.ResultThe prevalence of ADHD among epileptic children was found to be 115(44.2%),with a confidence interval of (38.1-50.5),out of which only 3(2.6%) were detected as having mental health problems by the clinician. The predominant subtype was inattentive type 96(61.1%). Factors significantly associated with ADHD were male sex (AOR = 2.70 CI: 1.46-4.97), family history of seizure disorder (AOR=2.42CI:1.26-4.65), family history mental illnesses (AOR=4.14 CI: 1.76-9.68), sudden onset of seizure (AOR=2.37 CI: 1.32-4.27) and uncontrolled seizure (AOR=2.55 CI: 1.41-4.61). Conclusion Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was common among children with seizure disorders in the study area. Therefore, interventions that would address such factors would help to overcome further complications.

scholarly journals Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Contactin-1 Levels in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Jen Wang ◽  
Chih-Ching Wu ◽  
Min-Jing Lee ◽  
Miao-Chun Chou ◽  
Sheng-Yu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Drug Naïve

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) facilitates neuronal growth and plasticity, and is crucial for learning and memory. Contactin-1 (CNTN1) is a member of the subfamily of neural immunoglobulin and is involved in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. This cross-sectional study investigates whether BDNF and CNTN1 affect susceptibility to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 136 drug-naïve patients with ADHD (108 boys and 28 girls) and 71 healthy controls (45 boys and 26 girls) were recruited. Blood samples were obtained to measure the plasma levels of BDNF and CNTN1 in each child. We found that BDNF levels in the ADHD boys exceeded those in the control boys, but BDNF levels in the ADHD girls were lower than those in the control girls. Boys who had higher BDNF levels performed worse on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition, but girls who had higher BDNF levels made fewer omission errors in the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test. However, CNTN1 level did not differ significantly between patients and controls, and were not correlated to ADHD characteristics, regardless of gender. The findings suggest BDNF may influence sex-specific susceptibility to ADHD, but CNTN1 was not associated with ADHD pathophysiology.

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