Single Daily Dose Treatment of Psychiatric Patients with Phenothiazine Derivatives

1961 ◽  
Vol 107 (446) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Single Daily Dose ◽  
Total Daily Dose ◽  
Phenothiazine Derivatives ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

When discussing some of the problems associated with chlorpromazine (Largactil) therapy, Denber and Travis (2) point out that it is desirable that the drug be given as infrequently as is compatible with therapeutic efficacy. They found this to be twice a day. Haden (5) and Tibbits (10) report that satisfactory results can be obtained with single daily doses. While studying the single daily dose administration of drugs in a psychiatric hospital, Lara and Wells (7) found that phenothiazine compounds could reasonably be given in this way. In order to explore these reports the medication of 17 chronic, well stabilized, male schizophrenic patients was changed by giving their chlorpromazine once instead of three times a day. These patients had been on an average dosage of 200 mg. of chlorpromazine t.d.s. The dosage was altered by giving the total daily dose at one time, limiting the maximum dose to 600 mg. In some cases this resulted in a small reduction in the total dosage. The main side-effects complained of before the change were photo-sensitivity from 8 patients and drowsiness during the day from 9 patients. Because of this latter complaint the single dose was given at 9 p.m. Three weeks after the change to the single dose no alteration in symptoms or behaviour had been noted except that there were now no complaints of drowsiness during the day. Two patients complained that they disliked taking 6 large tablets at one time.

Trial of a Sustained Release Form of Amitriptyline in the Treatment of Depressive Illness

1972 ◽  
Vol 120 (554) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. P. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Single Daily Dose ◽  
High Failure Rate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Release Form ◽  
Patient Studies

Amitriptyline is a widely used antidepressant and its effectiveness has been shown, e.g. in comparison with imipramine in double blind trial (Burt et al., 1962; Hordern et al., 1963, 1964). A disadvantage of currently prescribed tricyclic antidepressants is the necessity for administering the drug three times a day. It has been shown that general medical and in particular psychiatric patients fail to take their medication either in the prescribed dose or at all (Benstead and Theobald, 1952; Haler, 1952; Park and Lipman, 1964; Parkes et al., 1962; Porter, 1969). This failure rate may be as high as 50 per cent (Dixon et al., 1957; Willcox et al., 1965). Even in psychiatric in-patient studies there was still a high failure rate in taking prescribed psychiatric drugs (Hare and Willcox, 1967). A regimen consisting of a single daily dose is more reliably taken than one consisting of thrice daily dosage (Coppen et al., 1969; General Practitioner Clinical Trial 1970).

In vivo oral efficacy of levofloxacin for treatment of systemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a murine model of septicemia.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2894-2897 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Yagel ◽  
J F Barrett ◽  
D J Amaratunga ◽  
M B Frosco
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Divided Dose ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Total Daily Dose ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Effective Doses

The in vivo efficacies of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in lethal, systemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in mice were compared. MICs of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 micrograms/ml and from 0.12 to 1.0 microgram/ml respectively. Infecting doses ranged from 5.0 x 10(1) to 3.2 x 10(3) CFU per mouse, depending on the isolate. Test fluoroquinolones were administered orally at 1 h (single dose) or at 1 and 3 h (divided dose) postinfection, with 10 infected mice used for each of six concentrations of each fluoroquinolone tested (1 to 40 mg/kg of body weight) in each dosing regimen. Whether given in a single or a divided dose, the total daily dose was the same for each fluoroquinolone. For mice treated 1 h postinfection with levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, the effective doses for 50% of the infected mice ranged from 2.09 to 13.80 mg/kg and from 2.34 to 11.22 mg/kg, respectively, and for those treated 1 and 3 h postinfection, the effective doses for 50% of the infected mice ranged from 3.71 to 16.98 mg/kg and from 2.95 to 13.18 mg/kg, respectively. Although the potency varied for both levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin among all strains of P. aeruginosa tested, there were small differences within the same strain for levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin when given in the same dosing regimen. Levofloxacin proved nearly as effective as ciprofloxacin against a systemic P. aeruginosa infection in mice.

Single Daily Dose Administration of Cyclosporine in Renal Transplant Recipients

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1225-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Halim ◽  
T. Said ◽  
T. Al-Otaibi ◽  
S. Eleawa ◽  
H. Al-Maged ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Single Daily Dose ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Daily Dose

Radio Receptor Assay of Serum Neuroleptic Levels in Psychiatric Patients

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Krska ◽  
G. Sampath ◽  
A. Shah ◽  
S. D. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Radioreceptor Assay ◽  
Receptor Assay ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Correlations ◽  
Different Doses

The radioreceptor assay for the measurement of neuroleptic drugs in serum has been used to study the relationship between dose and serum level in schizophrenic patients receiving these drugs. The assay was found to be reproducible and capable of detecting neuroleptics in the sera of patients receiving a range of both oral and depot drugs, with the exception of trifluoperazine spansules. Linear correlations were obtained between daily dose and serum level for each drug both in individual patients on different doses and between patients on a stable dose. Extrapyramidal side effects were related to the serum neuroleptic level within, but not between, patients. The assay may be of use in clinical practice, including the assessment of compliance or poor response to neuroleptics.

Single Daily Dose Administration of Cyclosporine in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Preliminary Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 3022-3024 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Halim ◽  
M.R.N. Nampoory ◽  
T. Said ◽  
M.H. Hamid ◽  
M.P. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Single Daily Dose ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Daily Dose

A Comparison of a Short Course of Single Daily Dosage Therapy of Tinidazole with Metronidazole in Intestinal Amoebiasis

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-437
Author(s):  
N P Misra ◽  
R C Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Single Daily Dose ◽  
Extended Treatment ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Average Patient ◽  
Intestinal Amoebiasis ◽  
The Difference

Sixty patients with symptomatic intestinal amoebiasis were treated for 3 days with a single dose of 2 g of either tinidazole or metronidazole respectively by random order. Tinidazole cured 90% of patients (27/30) and metronidazole cured 53.3% of patients (16/30). The difference was significant (p < 0.01). Mild side-effects were reported by 26.7% of patients (8/30) in the tinidazole group as compared to mild to moderate side effects reported by 53.3% of patients (16/30) in the metronidazole group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). As the average patient has only a limited understanding and toleration of extended treatment courses, the advantages of a short course employing a single daily dose are obvious. With such a regimen, tinidazole was found to be superior to metronidazole in intestinal amoebiasis.

scholarly journals Bio-Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Topically Administered γ-Cyclodextrin Based Eye Drops in Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Martin Kallab ◽  
Kornelia Schuetzenberger ◽  
Nikolaus Hommer ◽  
Bhavapriya Jasmin Schäfer ◽  
Doreen Schmidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Local Tolerability ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Retinal Tissue

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ocular pharmacokinetics, bio-distribution and local tolerability of γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) based irbesartan 1.5% eye drops and candesartan 0.15% eye drops after single and multiple topical administration in rabbit eyes. In this randomized, controlled study, a total number of 59 New Zealand White albino rabbits were consecutively assigned to two study groups. Group 1 (n = 31) received irbesartan 1.5% and group 2 (n = 28) candesartan 0.15% eye drops. In both groups, single dose and multiple administration pharmacokinetic studies were performed. Rabbits were euthanized at five predefined time points after single-dose administration, whereas multiple-dose animals were dosed for 5 days twice-daily and then euthanized 1 h after the last dose administration. Drug concentration was measured by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the retinal tissue, vitreous humor, aqueous humor, corneal tissue and in venous blood samples. Pharmacokinetic parameters including maximal drug concentration (Cmax), time of maximal drug concentration (Tmax), half-life and AUC were calculated. To assess local tolerability, six additional rabbits received 1.5% irbesartan eye drops twice daily in one eye for 28 days. Tolerability was assessed using a modified Draize test and corneal sensibility by Cochet Bonnet esthesiometry. Both γCD based eye drops were rapidly absorbed and distributed in the anterior and posterior ocular tissues. Within 0.5 h after single administration, the Cmax of irbesartan and candesartan in retinal tissue was 251 ± 142 ng/g and 63 ± 39 ng/g, respectively. In the vitreous humor, a Cmax of 14 ± 16 ng/g for irbesartan was reached 0.5 h after instillation while Cmax was below 2 ng/g for candesartan. For multiple dosing, the observed Cmean in retinal tissue was 338 ± 124 ng/g for irbesartan and 36 ± 10 ng/g for candesartan, whereas mean vitreous humor concentrations were 13 ± 5 ng/g and <2 ng/g, respectively. The highest plasma concentrations of both irbesartan (Cmax 5.64 ± 4.08 ng/mL) and candesartan (Cmax 4.32 ± 1.04 ng/mL) were reached 0.5 h (Tmax) after single administration. Local tolerability was favorable with no remarkable differences between the treated and the control eyes. These results indicate that irbesartan and candesartan in γCD based nanoparticle eye drops can be delivered to the retinal tissue of the rabbit’s eye in pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Moreover, safety and tolerability profiles appear to be favorable in the rabbit animal model.

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