The Significance of Dopamine for the Mode of Action of Neuroleptics and the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. van Praag
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanism ◽  
The One

SummaryAnimal experiments have demonstrated the likelihood that all known neuroleptics inhibit transmission in central CA-ergic systems, regardless of their chemical structure and via different mechanisms. For clinical psychiatry this fact prompts a number of questions: (1) is this phenomenon also to be found in human individuals; (2) if so, is it of importance for the clinical (side) effects of neuroleptics; (3) do patients with (schizophrenic) psychoses show signs of central CA-ergic hyperactivity ? This article presents a survey of clinical research focused on these questions which, for the sake of brevity, is confined to DA metabolism. The available data indicate the plausibility of a correlation between inhibition of DA-ergic transmission on the one hand, and on the other hand the therapeutic effects of neuroleptics and the occurrence of hypokinetic-rigid symptoms. The hypothesis that DA-ergic hyperactivity is an important pathogenetic mechanism in schizophrenic psychoses can be based only on indirect arguments; direct studies of the DA metabolism have so far failed to reveal supporting evidence. The possible causes of this failure are discussed.

Cocaine in the Treatment of Mental Disorders

1887 ◽  
Vol 33 (142) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Heimann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Permanent Cure ◽  
The One

Certain therapeutic effects upon the human organism ascribed to cocaine,∗ occasioned me to make use of the drug in suitable cases of psychosis and psycho-neurosis. Stimulant action and exhilaration (Euphoria) on the one hand, and on the other depression of undue sensitiveness, these were the effects I looked for from the alkaloid. Unfortunately, I am able to record scarcely a single case of certain and permanent cure following the use of the drug.

scholarly journals MetaMed: Linking Microbiota Functions with Medicine Therapeutics

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhao ◽  
Shaliu Fu ◽  
Yifei Yu ◽  
Zhanbing Zhang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Integrative System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Mapping System

ABSTRACT Understanding how the human microbiome affects human health has consequences for treating disease and minimizing unwanted side effects in clinical research. Here, we present MetaMed (http://metamed.rwebox.com/index), a novel and integrative system-wide correlation mapping system to link bacterial functions and medicine therapeutics, providing novel hypotheses for deep investigation of microbe therapeutic effects on human health. Furthermore, comprehensive relationships between microbes living in the environment and drugs were discovered, providing a rich source for discovering microbiota metabolites with great potential for pharmaceutical applications.

Race, Money and Medicines

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gregg Bloche
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Expression ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
Past Wrongs

Taking notice of race is both risky and inevitable, in medicine no less than in other endeavors. The literature on race as a classifying tool in clinical research poses this core dilemma: On the one hand, race can be a useful stand-in for unstudied genetic and environmental factors that yield differences in disease expression and therapeutic response. On the other hand, racial distinctions have social meanings that are often pejorative or worse, especially when these distinctions are cast as culturally or biologically fixed. Our country's troubled past in this regard and the persistence of race-related disadvantage should keep us on notice about this hazard. Yet paying attention to race in order to ameliorate past wrongs sometimes supports the quest for social justice, as Dorothy Roberts points out in this issue. And at times, as Jay Cohn and Raj Bhopal note, attention to race can make a therapeutic difference, to the point of saving lives.

scholarly journals VII. Experimental researches in electricity.-Twenty-third Series

1850 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 171-188 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Philosophical Paper ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Four years ago I suggested that all the phenomena presented by diamagnetic bodies, when subjected to the forces in the magnetic field, might be accounted for by assuming that they then possessed a polarity the same in kind as, but the reverse in direction of, that acquired by iron, nickel and ordinary magnetic bodies under the same circumstances (2429. 2430.). This view was received so favourably by Plücker, Reich and others, and above all by W. Weber, that I had great hopes it would be confirmed; and though certain experiments of my own (2497.) did not increase that hope, still my desire and expectation were in that direction. Whether bismuth, copper, phosphorus, &c., when in the magnetic field, are polar or not, is however an exceedingly important question; and very essential and great differences, in the mode of action of these bodies under the one view or the other, must be conceived to exist. I found that in every endeavour to proceed by induction of experiment from that which is known in this department of science to the unknown, so much uncertainty, hesitation and discomfort arose from the unsettled state of my mind on this point, that I determined, if possible, to arrive at some experimental proof either one way or the other. This was the more needful, because of the conclusion in the affirmative to which Weber had come in his very philosophical paper; and so important do I think it for the progress of science, that, in those imperfectly developed regions of knowledge, which form its boundaries, our conclusions and deductions should not go far beyond, or at all events not aside from the results of experiment (except as suppositions), that I do not hesitate to lay my present labours, though they arrive at a negative result, before the Royal Society.

scholarly journals The Anti-Bactericidal Action of the Bile Salts

1911 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lyle Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
Gall Stones ◽  
The One

Bile and the bile salts are substances of great importance in connection with typhoid fever. On the one hand, they are extensively used in differential media for the isolation of B. typhosus from the excreta, and in media designed to cultivate the bacillus from the blood; while on the other, the survival of the organism in the gall bladder and its association with gall stones and cholicystitis indicate that bile may play an important rôle in the etiology of the disease. It would appear therefore that a study of the mode of action of bile in culture media for the isolation of B. typhosus might, apart from its bearing on bacteriological technique, incidentally throw light on the far more important question of typhoid fever and the production of typhoid carriers.

scholarly journals On the issue of asepsis during laparotomy

1892 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-845
Author(s):  
M. Mirenov
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Clinical observations of recent years, showing, on the one hand, that the use of the antiseptic method in surgery often has undesirable side effects both on the patient's body and on the operating person himself; on the other hand, the excellent results obtained by surgeons who do not use the antiseptic method and observe only cleanliness have compelled operators with well-established clinics to replace antiseptics with asepsis more and more.

Projective Kit for Early Childhood (P. K. E. C.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Roman ◽  
Mathilde Dublineau ◽  
Camila Saboia
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Clinical Consultation ◽  
The One

This article highlights, on the one hand, the relevance of the Projective Kit for Early Childhood – a projective play test – in the dual prospect of research practice, and of clinical practice, on the other hand, considering a form of continuity between both these processes, as stressed by C. Chabert (1995 ). First, a brief introduction to this unique test in the field of psychopathology in young children serves to assess the relevance of this projective device in clinical practice and research. Then we successively present the test’s implications in actual clinical research, involving an evaluation of the psychoaffective dynamics of children with West syndrome (a form of epilepsy occurring in infants from the early stages of life, which impairs their development and frequently leads to psychopathological pictures in the autism spectrum) and as part of a clinical consultation process focused on the problem of depression.

A novel neuromotor reprogramming treatment modality for temporomandibular disorders: a pilot retrospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remillieux Franck ◽  
Typhanie Dos anjos ◽  
Chaufferin Gilles ◽  
Gerentes Philippe
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
The Other ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Maximal Mouth Opening ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The One

Abstract Background The purpose of this investigation was to determine if neuromotor programming using the ALLYANE® process would significantly improve mouth-opening capacity in patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods A total of 21 adult patients (20 females and 1 male; mean age = 44 years) who underwent a rehabilitation session with neuromotor reprogramming were included. Maximal mouth opening (MMO) was measured before and just after neuromotor reprogramming session. Results The results showed a statistically significant (p < 0.001) mean gain of 4.95 mm (+ 13%) after neuromotor reprogramming. Furthermore, this preliminary study showed that the gain registered in patients with a lower-than-normal mouth opening and improvement of lateral movements were greater than the one obtained with the other patients. Conclusions Although these preliminary results need confirmation, the study suggests that the use of neuromotor reprogramming in patients suffering from TMD could present new possibilities for enhanced outcomes, in particular to relax the stomatognathic system with a noninvasive, reversible therapy without known side effects, providing open new perspectives in the area of joint diseases.

THE INFLUENCE OF ABSINTHE ON WORLD CULTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Beloglazov I.A. ◽  
Biryukova N.V. ◽  
Nesterova N.V.
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The authors of the work analyzed the sources that characterize the influence of absinthe on human culture. Absinthe, an alcoholic drink containing wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), was banned in the early 20th century due to unusual properties attributed to the side effects of drinking this alcohol. This review contains information about the history of the drink. On the one hand, absinthe left its mark in the culture as a “muse” for the creators, remaining forever imprinted in the works of various types of art, on the other hand, it became the main enemy for the most part of society because of the harmful properties that was characterized by researchers of the 19th century.

The Anti-Malarial Action of Changshan (Febrifugine): A Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Butler ◽  
John Moffett
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Synthetic Material ◽  
Pharmaceutical Factory ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The plant qinghao 青蒿 (Artemesia annua) has provided the world with a valuable anti-malarial drug (qinghaosu 青蒿素). Another useful anti-malarial drug (febrifugine) of Chinese origin can be extracted from the shrub Dichroa febrifuga (changshan) but, unlike qinghaosu, its chemical structure is relatively simple and it could be easily synthesised in a pharmaceutical factory. However, the presence of two chiral centres in the molecule makes this unsuitable for pharmacological use as only one of the four isomers (the one found naturally) kills the malarial parasite, but all four isomers (as in the synthetic material) have serious adverse side effects. Encouraging African governments to consider growing Dichroa febrifuga as an alternative to the expensive and scarce qinghaosu should be considered.

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