HEALTH-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES AS SOCIAL PRACTICES IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN FAMILY

The paper presents a study of modern social practices of health care in the family. The problem of research is determined by the need to implement health-saving technologies such as living conditions and family life, as well as the introduction of social practices of healthy lifestyles in primary groups. The relevance of the topic is determined by the conditions for the development of modern Russian society, which are characterized by the need to form a social institution of healthy lifestyle and mandatory components in the form of social practices for informal groups. From this perspective, the natural course of development is the institution of the family, which takes on the task of introducing a healthy lifestyle as a system of daily activities. The study is based on the institutional analysis of health-preserving technologies in the family, the basis for the analysis was the theoretical and methodological principles of studying society as a social system (T. Parsons, N. Luhmann). The model for representing health-saving technologies in the everyday practices of the modern Russian family is based on the model of systems of social actions by T. Parsons and the model of the functioning of the family as a social institution by R. Merton. The empirical base is based on the author's sociological research: a survey, an expert survey, document analysis, macrosociological analysis and modeling (from 2016 to 2021), as well as the results of studies conducted by All-Russia Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM), The Levada Center (2018). As a result of the research, an analysis of the social practices of a healthy lifestyle in a modern Russian family was carried out; the components of a healthy lifestyle were presented as a condition for the development of health-saving technologies in the daily actions of an individual. The model of social practices of healthy lifestyles in a modern Russian family is based on the institutional analysis of the family.

THE EFFECT OF CYTOSTATIC DRUGS ON THROMBOCYTOPOIESIS IN RATS WITH WALKER-256 CARCINOMA

Among malignant neoplasms of women, breast cancer (BC) takes the leading place and is the cause of high mortality and complications. Side effects in the form of anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, etc. often develop during cytostatic therapy, which is the main method of treatment and prevention of further development of the oncological process. In this regard, the problem of reducing side metabolic disorders remains relevant and creates a search field for the use of drugs aimed at stabilizing functions, both at the cellular and organ levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cytostatic drugs on thrombocytopoiesis in rats with WALKER-256 carcinoma. The study included 60 rats, which, depending on the type of treatment, were divided into 5 groups. A week after the start of chemotherapy, the greatest increase in the number of platelets was in the presence of liposomal ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate. We recorded that the myeloprotective effect was 1/3 better in liposomal ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate compared to its non-liposomal form. Therefore, individuals those receiving cytostatic drugs in the treatment of breast cancer need protection from myelopoiesis. In the studies carried out by us, it was shown that oxidative stress occurred in animals against the background of treatment with cytostatics. It was its rapid development that caused damage to the platelet cell membranes. In this regard, we have proposed a drug with a pronounced antioxidant efficacy. The introduction of an antioxidant into the generally accepted standard treatment of a tumor process has made it possible to experimentally select methods for delivering the drug to the targets of damage using liposomal forms. The study obtained data proving the effectiveness of the use of liposomal ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (50 mg / kg), in contrast to its free form, which prevents the development of thrombocytopenia induced by the administration of cytostatic drugs to rats with Walker-256 carcinoma.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF A PLANT SPECIES WITH CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF DIFFERENT GROUPS: A STATISTICAL APPROACH

The article deals with the question of the statistical attraction of chemical compounds that have an antibacterial effect and belong to various groups (terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, quinones, alkaloids, lactones, coumarins, iridoids, xanthones) to the same types of plants. To assess the occurrence of species containing an antibacterial compound of a certain group in a set of species containing an antibacterial compound of another group (in comparison with the species of the flora of the Russian Federation outside this set), the student’s mathematical and statistical criterion was used. It is shown that in 12 combinations of groups ("terpenoids-phenols", "terpenoids-flavonoids", "terpenoids-quinones", "terpenoids-coumarins", "phenols-flavonoids". "Phenols-quinones", "phenols-coumarins", "flavonoids-coumarins", "flavonoids-iridoids", "flavonoids-xanthones", "lactones-coumarins") the occurrence of species containing an antibacterial compound related to one element of the combination is significantly increased in the set of species containing an antibacterial compound related to another element. It is noted that these statistical relationships are created by species belonging to 19 families of the flora of the Russian Federation (Iridaceae, Ranunculaceae, Chenopodyaceae, Ericaceae, Pyrolaceae, Salicaceae, Brassicaceae, Moraceae, Crassulaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Valerianaceae,Viburnaceae,Rubiacae,Gentianaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteracaeae).

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR TONE IN YOUNG RESIDENTS OF THE EUROPEAN NORTH WITH ENDOTHELIN -1 GENE POLYMORPHISM LYS198ASN

The frequency of the endothelin-1 (EDN1) - Lys198Asn (rs5370) gene polymorphism in the population of the young population of the city of Arkhangelsk and its possible relationship with the indicators of peripheral vasoconstriction were studied. The population of young healthy ethnic Russians aged 18-22 years, from the moment of birth, living in the territory of the Arkhangelsk region was examined. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction, and the level of EDN1 was determined by enzyme immunoassay. In the course of the study, it was found that individuals with the GG genotype make up 63%, heterozygotes GT-31%, homozygotes for the mutant allele T-6%. The concentration of endothelin-1, one of the main factors affecting the normal functioning of the endothelium and whose role in the development of cardiovascular pathology has been proven by numerous studies, was 0.45 fmol / ml in the group with the GG genotype, and in the group of carriers of the mutant allele (GT+TT), was significantly higher by 27.4% (p=0.04). When analyzing the main indicators of peripheral hemodynamics in individuals with different genotypes, no statistically significant differences were found, but an increase in all indicators was observed when carrying the T allele. It can be assumed that individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are at risk of developing cardiovascular pathology. In addition, 23.6% of the young population had a hypertonic reaction to the load. In the present work, no significant differences in central and peripheral hemodynamic parameters were found in individuals with different genotypes for the EDN - 1 gene Lys198Asn polymorphism, which may be due to the small number of examined patients, so it is necessary to conduct further large-scale population studies.

MICROORGANISMS AS INDICATORS OF SOIL QUALITY

The first bioassays for environmental monitoring were based on multicellular eukaryotic organisms, in particular fish and mammals. Because they were relatively expensive, time consuming and difficult, there was a need for alternative biological monitoring methods. It became necessary to develop and standardize toxicity tests based on prokaryotic (bacteria) or eukaryotic (protozoa, unicellular algae, yeast) microorganisms instead of higher organisms, which made it possible to quickly and inexpensively screen environmental samples for toxic and genotoxic effects. The first generation of bioassays was based on a variety of naturally sensitive microbes, while the second generation includes genetically modified microorganisms to achieve greater sensitivity and / or specificity. The next step forward was the combination of microbial cells, or parts of cells, with physicochemical detection elements, forming new integrated devices called "biosensors". The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of using microorganisms in bioindication of environmental pollution. The use of biological methods in environmental monitoring is essential to complement chemical analyzes with information on actual toxicity. Microorganisms are widely used as test objects for analyzes due to the simplicity and low cost of their cultivation. The use of microorganisms for the assessment of general toxicity or the detection of specific compounds is an important source of information on the state of the environment. Their use will significantly expand the range of environmental studies.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PLANTS AS A PARAMETER BIOINDICATION ASSESSMENT

Morphological changes in plants are widely used as an indicator. This is an important indicator parameter. The reason for its widespread use is its low cost, availability and simplicity of research, no need for highly qualified personnel and the presence of a special laboratory. Numerous studies are devoted to the standardization of the test material and the conditions for its use. The national monitoring system of all developed countries includes a large arsenal of morphological indicators, which made it possible to create maps of anthropogenic impacts. The aim of the research is to study the possibility of using morphological changes in plants as a parameter of bioindication assessment. Material and methods: theoretical - analysis of literature on the problem of environmental monitoring, laboratory. Assessment of the degree of plant change is associated with internal factors and different sensitivity of plant organisms. For the purpose of active monitoring, a large group of plants is recommended. For passive monitoring and determination of the consequences of environmental pollution, indicator signs of plants growing freely in the study area are used. Bioindication methods are useful for assessing the state of the environment. The study of the reaction of plants to the level of pollution makes it possible to assess its consequences. The study of urban communities makes it possible to develop ways to stabilize them, for example, by changing loads. Bioindication is an important addition to instrumental methods.

THE INFLUENCE OF ABSINTHE ON WORLD CULTURE

The authors of the work analyzed the sources that characterize the influence of absinthe on human culture. Absinthe, an alcoholic drink containing wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), was banned in the early 20th century due to unusual properties attributed to the side effects of drinking this alcohol. This review contains information about the history of the drink. On the one hand, absinthe left its mark in the culture as a “muse” for the creators, remaining forever imprinted in the works of various types of art, on the other hand, it became the main enemy for the most part of society because of the harmful properties that was characterized by researchers of the 19th century.

STUDY OF RESISTANCE TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS IN PATIENTS WHO ARE IN STATIONARY TREATMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF RESISTANT FORMS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

A comparative study of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and in patients with chronic forms of tuberculosis who were treated in an anti-tuberculosis hospital was carried out. We examined 142 patients treated in the department of resistant forms of tuberculosis. A complete bacteriological study of sputum for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was carried out with the determination of sensitivity to anti-tuberculosis drugs during the cultivation of microorganisms on a liquid nutrient medium in a system with automated registration of bacterial growth and on a dense nutrient medium of Lowenstein-Jensen using the method of absolute concentrations. Methods of PCR analysis were also used. According to the anamnesis, two groups of patients were formed: 82 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and 60 patients with a chronic course of the disease or with a relapse of the disease. According to the age structure, patients under the age of 50 prevailed in both groups. At the same time, in the first group there was a significant number of patients aged 18-29 years - 20.7%. In the second group, the number of patients aged 18-29 years was significantly less - 5%. Despite the fact that all patients were assigned to the category of multidrug-resistant pathogen and were treated in the unit of resistant forms of tuberculosis, it was important to assess the level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance separately for patients in each of the selected groups. The largest differences between groups were found in the assessment of second-line drug resistance. Patients of the second group showed high resistance to fluoroquinolones - 30% and amikacin - 41.6%. In patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (first group), resistance to fluoroquinolones was 9.7%, and to amikacin - 17.1%. Capreomycin was the most effective in both groups. The resistance of the causative agent of tuberculosis in patients of the first group was 4.9%, in the second - 11.6%.

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AN AMINOCHROMENE DERIVATIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

We studied an antitumor effect of a compound of 4-aminochromene derivatives (AX-554) in the tumor system of breast cancer Ca-755. We used C57Bl / 6 mice, which were subcutaneously injected with a suspension of Ca-755 tumor cells into the right axillary region in the amount of 1×106 cells in 199 solution. AX-554 was administered intragastrically through a tube once on the 48 hours after tumor transplantation, in comparison with reference antitumor drugs with proven antitumor activity, which were used as doxorubicin, paclitaxel. The antitumor activity was judged by the survival rate of animals, the size and morphology of the tumor node. It was shown that the 4-aminochromene derivative AX-554 increases the survival rate of animals with breast cancer by 30% compared with the control group and by 10% with the group receiving doxorubicin. with control. In the study of tumor sections stained with hemotoxylin and eosin in animals treated with AX-554, there were single tumor cells in a state of severe dystrophy, the necrosis zone was 90%, which indicates drug pathomorphosis of the 3rd degree. In animals treated with doxorubicin, atypical cells in the center of the tumor node retained their structure, in the periphery - cells in a state of dystrophy, foci of necrosis accounted for 60%. The morphological picture of the tumor in animals treated with paclitaxel was a drug pathomorphosis of the 2nd degree.

BIOMONITORING OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS

One of the main problems of environmental protection at the present stage is the contamination of soil by oil and products of its processing. Oil and petroleum products are dangerous and the most common environmental pollutants. Oil pipelines refer to linearly extended objects, for which an emergency situation is quite typical and widespread. The impact of such objects on the natural environment is usually integral. The problem of remediation of soils contaminated with oil and its processing products is one of the first places. The study of the properties of the soil contaminated with oil and oil products acquires practical and scientific significance at the level of the Chechen Republic. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of using test plants as indicators of soil pollution by oil and its products, a comparative assessment of various test plants in specific soil and climatic conditions. Materials and methods: theoretical - analysis of literature on the problem of oil pollution, laboratory. The main place in the work is occupied by modeling experience. The study was carried out on the territory of the city of Grozny, with a predominance of leached chernozems. In an urban environment, in the process of burning fuels, sulfur and nitrogen oxides are formed in large quantities, which in the course of chemical reactions form sulfurous, nitric and nitrous acids. The toxicity of urban soils, which is explained by the content of xenobiotics in them, in the experiments evaluating the total phytotoxicity was expressed by inhibition of the growth of the aboveground part of the test plants. It has been determined that it is most expedient to use winter rye and parsley as test plants.